Effects of positive thinking intervention on negative emotions and quality of life in stroke patients:a scoping review

Objective:To analyze domestic and international studies on the effects of positive thought intervention therapy on negative emotions and the quality of life of stroke patients to provide a reference for future related studies.Methods:Using the scoping review method as a guide,computer searches of PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Database,China Vipers Full Text Database and China Biomedical Literature Database were conducted to collect relevant studies on the application of positive thinking interventions in stroke patients from the establishment to January 2023,and the literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,and the data were extracted and analyzed by two investigators independently.Results:The search yielded 964 publications,and a total of 19 were included.The time of publication,study site,study population,study design,study length,and type of results of the included studies was summarized and analyzed.Conclusions:Positive thinking-based interventions have shown significant changes in negative emotions such as anxiety and depression in stroke patients and can reduce somatic pain,enhance their social integration,and improve their quality of life.However,interventions in the areas of self-compassion,artificial intelligence and the adoption of tailoring need to be further explored.

Impact of web-based positive psychological intervention on emotions,psychological capital,and quality of life in gastric cancer patients on chemotherapy

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a malignant digestive tract tumor that originates from the epithelium of the gastric mucosa and occurs in the gastric antrum,particularly in the lower curvature of the stomach.AIM To evaluate the impact of a positive web-based psychological intervention on emotions,psychological capital,and quality of survival in gastric cancer patients on chemotherapy.METHODS From January 2020 to October 2023,121 cases of gastric cancer patients on chemotherapy admitted to our hospital were collected and divided into a control group(n=60)and an observation group(n=61)according to the admission order.They were given either conventional nursing care alone and conventional nursing care combined with web-based positive psychological interventions,respectively.The two groups were compared in terms of negative emotions,psychological capital,degree of cancer-caused fatigue,and quality of survival.RESULTS After intervention,the number of patients in the observation group who had negative feelings toward chemotherapy treatment was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05);the Positive Psychological Capital Questionnaire score was considerably higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);the degree of cancer-caused fatigue was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05);and the Quality of Life Scale for Cancer Patients(QLQ-30)score was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Implementing a web-based positive psychological intervention for gastric cancer chemotherapy patients can effectively improve negative emotions,enhance psychological capital,and improve the quality of survival.

Short-Term Mindfulness Intervention on Adolescents’ Negative Emotion under Global Pandemic

Objective:In this research,we tried to explore how short-term mindfulness(STM)intervention affects adoles-cents’anxiety,depression,and negative and positive emotion during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design:10 classes were divided into experiment groups(5 classes;n=238)and control(5 classes;n=244)randomly.Hospital Anxi-ety and Depression Scale(HADS)and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule(PANAS)were used to measure par-ticipants’dependent variables.In the experiment group,we conducted STM practice interventions every morning in theirfirst class from March to November 2020.No interventions were conducted in the control group.Methods:Paired-sample t-tests were used to identify if a significant difference exists between every time point of the experimental and control groups.Repeated ANOVA and Growth Mixture Model(GMM)were used to analyze the tendency of positive and negative emotions,anxiety,and depression in the experimental group.Results and Conclusions:(1)With the intervention of STM,there was a significant decrease in negative emotions and an increase in positive emotions in the experimental group,whereas there were non-significant differences in the control group.(2)To explore the heterogeneity trajectories of dependent variables,we built a GMM and found there were two latent growth classes in the trajectories.(3)The results of the models showed their trajec-tories were downward,which meant that the levels of anxiety,depression,and negative emotions of participants decreased during the STM training period.Nonetheless,the score of positive affect showed upward in three loops of intervention,which indicated that the level of the participants’positive affect increased through the STM inter-vention.(4)This research indicated that STM should be given increasing consideration to enhance mental health during the worldwide outbreak of COVID-19.

Stress Inoculation Training on Cognitive Emotional Regulation: The Effect on Vulnerable Married Female Adolescents

Married female adolescents are the most vulnerable people that culturally marry with their parents’ permission in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of stress inoculation training (SIT) on cognitive emotional regulation (CER) in these women. The method of this research was semi-experiment with pretest and posttest. The statistical society was the married adolescent female students from Qom high schools (80 people). First, they were assessed by cognitive emotional regulation questionnaire to find the subjects under the CER cut of point (55 people). Then 30 participants were randomly selected and were equally divided into experimental and control groups. The entry criteria for samples were female married students between 17 and 19 from low socioeconomic income. The experimental group received 8 sessions of SIT training while there was no intervention for control group. Results from MANCOVA analysis showed that there were significant differences between groups on cognitive emotional regulation in post-test. The data of pretest were the covariate factor. Finding suggests SIT is effective for cognitive emotional regulation in vulnerable married female adolescents. In addition, this training method elevates positive emotional strategies, which correlate with planning, focusing and organizing the emotions. In contrast, except self and the others blaming, negative emotional strategies differed slightly.

The positive and negative emotion functions related to loneliness:a systematic review of behavioural and neuroimaging studies

Loneliness is associated with high prevalences of major psychiatric illnesses such as major depression.However,the underlying emotional mechanisms of loneliness remained unclear.We hypothesized that loneliness originates from both decreases in positive emotional processing and increases in negative emotion processing.To test this,we conducted a systematic review of 29 previous studies(total participants n=19560,mean age=37.16 years,female proportion=59.7%),including 18 studies that included ques-tionnaire measures of emotions only,and 11 studies that examined the brain correlates of emotions.The main findings were that loneliness was negatively correlated with general positive emotions and positively correlated with general negative emotions.Fur-thermore,limited evidence indicates loneliness exhibited negative and positive correlations with the brain positive(e.g.the striatum)and negative(e.g.insula)emotion systems,respectively,but the sign of correlation was not entirely consistent.Additionally,loneli-ness was associated with the structure and function of the brain emotion regulation systems,particularly the prefrontal cortex,but the direction of this relationship remained ambiguous.We concluded that the existing evidence supported a bivalence model of lone-liness,but several critical gaps existed that could be addressed by future studies that include adolescent and middle-aged samples,use both questionnaire and task measures of emotions,distinguish between general emotion and social emotion as well as between positive and negative emotion regulation,and adopt a longitudinal design that allows us to ascertain the causal relationships between loneliness and emotion dysfunction.Our findings provide new insights into the underlying emotion mechanisms of loneliness that can inform interventions for lonely individuals.

Electroencephalographic coherences during emotion identification task

Coherence, a measure of spectral similarity, may estimate cortical coupling between two EEG signals as a function of frequency. The coherence between EEG signals from different brain areas depends on the structural connection and functional coupling between two regions. The theory of hemispheric specialization proposes left hemisphere activation to positive emotions and right one to negative emotions. Other proposal is that right hemisphere activation occurs with emotional stimuli. In the present study EEG coherences were calculated during the presentation of the International Affective Pictures to 36 healthy male university students. The subjects’ task was to determine the valence of the stimuli. Base line recording were done with subjects observing the blank monitor. Our results showed higher coherences during the emotional condition. No differences between negative and positive emotions were obtained. Neutral pictures evoked the highest coherence values. These data suggest that coherences between functionally coupled brain areas do not reflect emotional recognition of the valence of stimuli, but they are internal indicators of different mental processes such as memory, mental effort and arousal. Our findings do not support the theory of hemispheric specialization, neither the theory of right hemisphere;rather they suggest a complex activation pattern that involves mostly frontal areas in connection with the entire cortex.

情绪对错误记忆的影响

通过音乐诱发情绪,并给予预警指导语,采用DRM范式和信号检测论的研究方法,检验不同情绪组被试对学习词、无关词、关键诱词两两之间的辨别感受性。结果发现:积极情绪组较之消极情绪组会产生更多的错误记忆,并且消极情绪组对各类词之间的辨别感受性均高于积极情绪组。这说明编码过程和提取过程会共同影响错误记忆效应。研究结果较支持激活监测理论。

知识团队成员多样性的管理策略：以中国文化为背景

成员多样性是知识团队的一个重要特征。在已有西方理论研究基础上,结合中国文化及国情提出了对知识团队成员多样性的管理策略,即选择和培训适合在中国文化背景下进行合作的团队成员、考虑中国式公平的薪酬体系、通过降低权力距离和强化集体主义文化倾向来培养团队的情绪智力,以及塑造积极的多样性范式。

线索—提示任务下情绪对注意转换的影响

大量研究表明情绪状态会影响认知灵活性。本研究运用情绪影片片段作为情绪诱发的手段,以68名女大学生为被试,采用线索-提示任务范式考察了不同情绪效价(积极、消极)对认知灵活性重要成分之一注意定向转换的影响。结果发现,对于有效提示,积极情绪和消极情绪两种条件下的反应时差异不显著;对于无效提示,积极情绪下的反应时显著快于消极情绪;而且,积极情绪下的线索有效性效应不显著,但消极情绪下表现出显著的线索有效性效应。实验结果说明,积极情绪有助于注意定向的转换,消极情绪延缓了注意定向的转换。这一结果进一步支持了积极情绪扩展认知范围,而消极情绪缩窄认知范围的观点。

The Preference of Sculpture Landscape Types among College Students in Different Psychological States

In this paper, characteristics of sculptures and tiie preference for sculptures of college students in different state of mind were analyzed. A total of 165 college students were invited to participate in the study. The method of image fating was employed to investigate these students,landscape preferences after they completed the Profile of Mood States （POMS）. The results showed that when the sculptures were placed alone, students in a positive mood had a preference for abstract sculptures, students in a negative mood had a preference for figumtive sculptures with unique symbolic meanings, and paftidpatofy sculptures were populous among college students in different emotional states. When sculptures were placed in the environmentj natural elements of die sculptures greatly affected college students, preference＊ Students in a positive mood tended to choose sculpture landscapes combined with plants, and students in a negative mood had a preference for sculpture landscapes with water bodies. There were difFefences in the types of sculptxiie landscapes that the college stxidents in different moods thought can telieve their bad moods. Apart from tiieir current dominant emotions, the results of the stxidy were related to their past experiences, cultural backgrounds,and fimctions,social attributes and symbols of the landscape.

The Impact of Coronavirus on Staff Nurses’ Feeling While Giving Direct Care to COVID-19 Patients in Various COVID Facilities

Background: Nurses are very important frontline health care professionals as they spend more time with patients than other professionals. This is even more so at this critical time of the COVID-19 pandemic. The nursing profession is facing great challenges in coping with the pandemic as they are more vulnerable to exposure and infection with the disease. Kuwait is not spared from the global pandemic which has put the health sector under immense pressure. Because COVID-19 is highly transmissible and deadly, it poses a huge health risk to nurses and has a huge impact on their cognitive, emotional, behavioural and physical dimensions. Aim: The study aims to explore the positive and negative emotions and feelings of staff nurses while giving care to COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. 300 nurses from different general hospitals, field hospitals, and quarantine facilities in Kuwait participated in the study. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results: The findings show that for the cognitive evaluation, 72% were moderately affected, for the emotional evaluation 51.3% and 44% were moderately and mildly affected respectively, for the behavioural evaluation, 66.7% were severely affected, and for the physical evaluation, 43.3% and 31.7% were moderately and severely affected respectively. Prolonged working hours has a highly significant negative correlation to emotional (r −0.165), behavioral (r −0.177) and physical (r −0.155) dimension of the nurses at 0.01 level using Spearman’s correlation. Conclusion: The study concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the psychophysical dimensions of staff nurses.

Paying less but harvesting more:the effect of unconscious acceptance in regulating frustrating emotion

Previous studies indicate that emotion regulation may occur unconsciously, without the cost of cognitive effort, while conscious acceptance may enhance negative experiences despite having potential long-term health benefits. Thus, it is important to overcome this weakness to boost the efficacy of the acceptance strategy in negative emotion regulation. As unconscious regulation occurs with little cost of cognitive resources, the current study hypothesizes that unconscious acceptance regulates the emotional consequence of negative events more effectively than does conscious acceptance. Subjects were randomly assigned to conscious acceptance, unconscious acceptance and no-regulation conditions. A frustrating arithmetic task was used to induce negative emotion. Emotional experiences were assessed on the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale while emotion-related physiological activation was assessed by heart-rate reactivity. Results showed that conscious acceptance had a significant negative affective consequence, which was absent during unconscious acceptance. That is, unconscious acceptance was linked with little reduction of positive affect during the experience of frustration, while this reduction was prominent in the control and conscious acceptance groups. Instructed, conscious acceptance resulted in a greater reduction of positive affect than found for the control group. In addition, both conscious and unconscious acceptance strategies significantly decreased emotion-related heart-rate activity(to a similar extent) in comparison with the control condition. Moreover, heart-rate reactivity was positively correlated with negative affect and negatively correlated with positive affect during the frustration phase relative to the baseline phase, in both the control and unconscious acceptance groups. Thus, unconscious acceptance not only reduces emotion-related physiological activity but also better protects mood stability compared with conscious acceptance. This suggests that the clinical practice of acceptance therapy may need to consider using the unconscious priming of an accepting attitude, instead of intentionally instructing people to implement such a strategy, to boost the efficacy of acceptance in emotion regulation.

汉语否定情绪词的情绪调节效应及其影响因素

为探讨汉语否定情绪词的情绪调节效应及其影响因素,该研究使用贝克抑郁自评问卷、状态—特质焦虑问卷和正负情绪量表筛选了正、负情绪倾向性被试19名。让被试根据否定情绪词(不快乐、不愤怒)调节自身情绪,并对其后呈现的情绪面孔的效价评分。结果表明:汉语否定情绪词具有情绪调节效应;其情绪调节效应受两个因素影响:一是被调节情绪的效价,二是情绪调节主体的情绪倾向性,但这一影响只局限于调节积极情绪时。