Comparison of Self-Strength, Seeking Help and Happiness between Pakistani and Chinese Adolescents: A Positive Psychology Inquiry

Adolescents’emotions and preferences are influenced by their childhood experiences.In today’s world,there is a pervasive eagerness for happiness.Happiness has been linked to feelings of self-strength,seeking help,and psy-chological health.The current quantitative research was designed with a positive psychological perspective to compare Pakistani and Chines adolescents’self-strength,seeking help,and happiness.The research design of the study was causal-comparative.The study population consisted of 400 Pakistani and 409 Chinese adolescents studying in the elementary grades of both countries.The sample was selected by using a simple random sampling technique.It consisted of 413 boys(51%)and 396 girls(49%),319(39)of them were from the age group of 13–14 years,386(48%)of them were from the age group of 15–16 years,and 104(12.9%)were from the age group of 17–18 years.Three different scales were developed to collect study data.Independent sample t-test and simple linear regression were used to test study hypotheses.The analysis revealed that Pakistani adolescents have signifi-cantly higher self-strength,seeking help and happiness than their counterparts.It was also found that adolescents’self-strength and seeking help significant affect their happiness.Based on thefindings,it was suggested to inves-tigate the factors contributing to the improved self-strength,seeking help,and happiness of Pakistani adolescents.It was also recommended to investigate the mediating effect of adolescents’self-strength on the relationship between their happiness and seeking help.

Comparative transcriptomes reveal the disjunction adaptive strategy of Thuja species in East Asia and North America

The genus Thuja is ideal for investigating the genetic basis of the East Asia-North America disjunction.The biogeographical background of the genus is debatable and an adaptive strategy is lacking.Through the analysis and mining of comparative transcriptomes,species differentiation and positively selected genes(PSGs)were identified to provide information for understanding the environmental adaptation strategies of the genus Thuja.De novo assembly yielded 44,397-74,252 unigenes of the five Thuja species with contig N50length ranging from 1,559 to 1,724 bp.Annotations revealed a similar distribution of functional categories among them.Based on the phylogenetic trees constructed using the transcriptome data,T.sutchuenensis was divided first,followed by T.plicata and T.occidentalis.The final differentiation of T.koraiensis and T.standishii formed a clade.Enrichment analysis indicated that the PSGs of the North American Thuja species were involved in plant hormone signal transduction and carbon fixation of photosynthetic organisms pathways.The PSGs of East Asian Thuja were related to phenolic,alkaloid,and terpenoid synthesis,important stress-resistant genes and could increase plant resistance to external environmental stresses.This study discovered numerous aroma synthetic-related PSGs including terpene synthase(TPS)genes and lipid phosphate phosphatase 2(LPP2),associated with the synthetic aroma of T.sutchuenensis.Physiological indicators,such as the contents of soluble sugars,total chlorophyll,total phenolics,and total flavonoids were determined,which are consistent with the PSGs enrichment pathways associated with adaptive strategies in the five Thuja species.The results of this study provide an important basis for future studies on conservation genetics.

Comparative analysis of the complete chloroplast genomes of six white oaks with high ecological amplitude in China

Quercus L.has significant societal,ecological and economic benefits in the Northern Hemisphere.However,species identification among oaks is notoriously difficult.China harbours highly diverse oaks,of which the diversity of white oaks is the most extensive;however,to date,the evolution of chloroplast(cp)genomes in white oaks in China has not been comprehensively studied.Thus,we sequenced the complete cp genomes(161,254 bp,161,229 bp and 161,254 bp in size)of three white oak species(Quercus serrata Thunb.var.brevipetiolata A.DC.Nakai,Quercus wutaishansea Mary and Quercus mongolica Fischer ex Ledebour,respectively).Six white oak species(Quercus aliena Blume,Quercus dentata Thunb.,Quercus aliena Blume var.acutiserrata Maximowicz ex Wenzig,Q.serrata var.brevipetiolata,Q.wutaishanica and Q.mongolica)and five other Fagaceae species(Quercus rubra L.,Quercus variabilis Bl.,Quercus aquifolioid.es Rehd.et Wils.,Fagus engleriana Seem.and Castanea henryi Skan Rehd.et Wils.)were retrieved for comparative analyses.We detected11 highly divergent regions(psbA,matK/rps16,rps16,trnSGCU/trnG-GCC,trnR-UCU/atpA,trnT-GGU/psbD,ndhJ,ndhJ/ndhK,accD,ndhF and ycfl)through comparative analyses and these regions might be used as molecular markers.Theωratio of the rps12,rpoC2 and ycf1 genes was greater than 1 in several comparison groups between white oaks and the petA gene was subjected to significant positive selection between the comparison of six white oaks and Q.variabilis.Phylogenetic analyses revealed that six white oaks were grouped with Q.rubra,forming a single clade.

First complete genome sequence in Arborophila and comparative genomics reveals the evolutionary adaptation of Hainan Partridge(Arborophila ardens)

Background:The Hainan Partridge(Arborophila ardens,Phasianidae,Galliformes) is an endemic species of Hainan Island,China,and it is classified as globally vulnerable species.There are at least 16 species in genus Arborophila and no genome sequence is available.Methods:The whole genome of Hainan Partridge was de novo sequenced(with shotgun approach on the Illumina 2000 platform) and assembled.Results:The genome size of Arborophila ardens is about 1.05 Gb with a high N50 scaffold length of 8.28 Mb and it is the first high quality genome announced in Arborophila genus.About 9.19% of the genome was identified as repeat sequences and about 5.88 million heterozygous SNPs were detected.A total of 17,376 protein-coding genes were predicted and their functions were annotated.The genome comparison between Hainan Partridge and Red Junglefowl(Gallus gallus) demonstrated a conserved genome structure.The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Hainan Partridge possessed a basal phylogenetic position in Phasianidae and it was most likely derived from a common ancestor approximately 36.8 million years ago(Mya).We found that the Hainan Partridge population had experienced bottleneck and its effective population decreased from about 1,040,000 individuals 1.5 Mya to about 200,000 individuals 0.2 Mya,and then recovered to about 460,000 individuals.The number of 1:1 orthologous genes that were predicted to have undergone positive selection in the Hainan Partridge was 504 and some environmental adaptation related categories,such as response to ultraviolet radiation were represented in GO distribution analysis.Conclusions:We announced the first high quality genome in Arborophila genus and it will be a valuable genomic resource for the further studies such as evolution,adaption,conservation,not only on Hainan Partridge but also on Arborophila or Phasianidae species.

A Comparative Study of Nature's Subjectivity in Walden and Tang Poems

Thoreau's Walden and Chinese Tang Poems both attach great importance to nature,devoting large paragraphs to the depiction of it.The significance of this phenomenon is discussed in this paper.Based on the method of close reading and comparative study,it is found that nature,portrayed by Thoreau and Tang poets share one important character,that is,nature assumes subjectivity as an individual being.

Influences of Metacognitive Strategies on English Reading:A Study of English Majors in China

This study aims to find if, and to what extent, Chinese students'metacognitive strategy use associates with their reading ability in English. Sixty-four sophomore English majors participated in the study. The quantitative analyses of the data generated the following major findings: Of the five metacognitive strategy categories, the selective attention strategy category is most favored by the students, and the evaluating strategy category is least favored by them. Metacognitive strategies have meaningfully positive effect on English reading.

Comparative Genomics for Gene Isolation in Legumes

The similarity in gene order between closely related taxa suggests that genomic information from model systems should facilitate gene isolation and characterization in target crops. If this is the case, a great deal of

The Influence Studies in Comparative Literature

Comparative literature arose in the 19th century,the approach adopted for its influence study has been developed and diversified in different eras,in this article,the influence study in comparative literature through a reading culture is discussed in order to reveal in what aspects the reading culture may cut across the regional border of influence study.

阅读伴随词汇学习的词切分:首、尾词素位置概率的不同作用

本研究通过两个平行实验,探讨重复学习新词时首、尾词素位置概率信息作用于词切分的变化模式。采用阅读伴随词汇学习范式,将双字假词作为新词,实验1操纵首词素位置概率高低,保证尾词素相同;实验2操纵尾词素位置概率高低,保证首词素相同。采用眼动仪记录大学生阅读时的眼动轨迹。结果显示:(1)首、尾词素位置概率信息的词切分作用随新词在阅读中学习次数的增加而逐步变小,表现出“熟悉性效应”。(2)首词素位置概率信息的“熟悉性效应”表现在回视路径时间、总注视次数两个相对晚期的眼动指标,而尾词素位置概率信息的“熟悉性效应”则从凝视时间开始,到回视路径时间,再持续到总注视时间。结果表明首、尾词素的位置概率信息均作用于阅读伴随词汇学习的词切分,但首词素的作用时程更长,更稳定,支持了首词素在双字词加工中具有优势的观点。

中小学生的读物选择:特点分析、功能比较与对策建议

对1311名中小学生进行问卷调查,采用差异检验、潜在类别分析和多元回归分析等方法探讨读物选择与中小学生心理发展之间的关系,结果发现:(1)科幻推理、文学名著和童话故事是中小学生的最爱读物,读物选择有显著的性别差异和学段差异;(2)中小学生读物选择存在两种不同类别:阅读面宽泛组和阅读面狭窄组,大多数中小学生阅读面较为狭窄;(3)读物选择对中小学生的心理发展具有一定的预测功能。研究认为,教育工作者和家长应做好学生读物选择的分类管理,重视激发和维持学生阅读名著的动机,注意扩展学生的阅读领域和知识广度,有效发挥阅读对中小学生健康成长的积极推动作用。

少数民族地区高校阅读推广人角色定位及能力探究

文章采用访谈和问卷调查法,分析少数民族地区高校阅读推广人的现状和现实困境,在此基础上对其角色进行重新定位并分析与新角色相匹配的核心素养以及应该发挥的作用,提出少数民族地区高校阅读推广人能力培育应该从培育制度和自我发展两个方面推进,以期为少数民族地区阅读推广人能力构建提供参考。

Z世代大学生阅读的社交行为影响研究——以社会化阅读平台“微信读书”为例

移动网络与社交媒体的普及催生着阅读形态不断向社交化、社会化演进,富含社交属性的阅读模式——“阅读社交”应运而生,而诞生于互联网时代的Z世代大学生群体对该模式具备天然的适应性。以Z世代大学生的阅读社交行为作为研究对象,从影响因素模型和影响因素组态两方面相继展开研究。首先,基于28位专家调查与用户访谈的调研资料,利用扎根理论构建了Z世代大学生社会化阅读社交行为影响因素模型。其次,基于122份案例样本问卷数据,利用定性比较分析法探索了Z世代大学生社会化阅读社交行为的必要条件与关键组合条件构型,并为不同行为模式提出相应建议。研究结论有助于了解Z世代群体的阅读诉求与社交诉求,把握其阅读社交行为模式。

江西省图书馆与“樊登读书”基于抖音平台阅读推广的比较研究

公共图书馆与民间阅读机构在阅读推广工作中各自发挥着重要作用。本文从推广内容、影响力、粉丝群体、运营方式、推广目的五个方面比较研究公共图书馆和“樊登读书”在抖音平台的阅读推广工作,旨在为公共图书馆在抖音平台推广阅读提供新思路,促进公共图书馆在新媒体平台阅读推广工作高质量发展。

不同的爱国诗篇,相同的英雄精神——《破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄之》《永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古》比较阅读

基于文本的古诗词解读方法是阅读鉴赏的基础,但并非古诗词阅读鉴赏的目的本身。初步掌握比较的思维方法是新课标“思辨性阅读与表达”学习任务群的重要学习目标。而比较阅读不仅让教师和学生发现古诗词的文本差异、进一步理解对应的人文主题,更重要的是由此可以引发更多的推理、质疑、讨论、延伸、应用,保持旺盛的好奇心和求知欲,进而自主自发地发掘、欣赏、吸收、内化古诗词的文化营养。本文以语文核心素养为导向,通过深入比较辛弃疾的两首名篇《破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄之》和《永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古》在诗人故事、诗意载体、思想冲突等三个维度上的区别和联系,揭示了这两首诗词在表达爱国、沙场、英雄等主题时的深层次内涵和艺术特色。通过这种比较阅读,不仅能够更全面地理解诗词的意象和修辞,还能深刻体悟到诗词背后的精神内核和文化价值。因此,本文认为,从诗人故事、诗意载体、思想冲突等多个维度进行比较阅读,是探索以古诗词发展语文核心素养的有效方法。这种方法不仅有助于提升学生的文学鉴赏能力,也有助于培养他们的思辨能力和创造力,从而更好地理解和传承中华优秀传统文化。

比较研究·阅读镜像·鲁迅学史——藤井省三鲁迅研究的三扇门

藤井省三是日本有名的中国文学研究专家,在鲁迅研究方面产生了重要影响。在日本鲁迅研究整体性式微的世纪之交,藤井省三着力打开比较文学、阅读镜像和鲁迅学史研究的三扇门,表现出综合新变的倾向,这对拓展鲁迅研究的文化空间具有启示意义。但研究偏重于平行研究和综论,因而显得有些空疏和肤浅,特别是近些年有消费鲁迅的嫌疑,这是我们要批评和努力克服的。

汉语阅读中词素位置概率信息对词切分的影响

词素位置概率信息在汉语阅读词切分的过程中发挥着非常重要的作用,已有相关研究主要集中于词素位置概率信息独立或与其他因素共同影响词切分两个方面。本文将从上述两个方面梳理相关研究成果,并在此基础上对未来的研究方向提出展望,即开展词素位置概率信息加工与词切分的先后顺序的研究,丰富有关重叠歧义词词切分的研究,并深入探讨词素位置概率信息、语境多样性,以及多种心理线索对词切分的影响。

Relationship between Computer-Based Reading Activities and Reading Achievements among Hong Kong and U.S.Students:A Comparative Study Using PIRLS 2011 Data

Reading for personal interest and acquiring and using information using various reading processes are important parts of reading literacy that students need to develop in order to progress successfully through their schooling and fully function in the information society.Computer assisted reading instructional activities are assumed useful in improving the reading literacy of students,especially reading processes.However,students in Hong Kong and the US demonstrated a substantial performance gap in reading proficiency.Using the data from Progress in International Reading Literacy(PIRLS)2011,this study examines whether and to what extent four computer-based reading instructional activities influence students’performance in reading processes central to reading for interest and acquiring and using information in Hong Kong and the US.It found that computer-based reading activities are associated with students’literacy performance in different ways in the two places.In particular,the more often Hong Kong students used the computer to read,the lower the reading achievement in all reading processes measured.However,in the US context,using the computer to write is positively associated with students’reading scores in all reading processes while using software is negatively related to their reading performance in using all the reading processes.

Teachers’ Perceptions of the Challenges and Strategies in Supporting Students with Reading Difficulties

The purpose of this study is to determine the teacher’s perceptions of the challenges and strategies in supporting students with reading difficulties.This study used qualitative method of research and descriptive approach as its research design,in addition to a set of structured interview questions administered through Google Forms to gather data from elementary teachers of Taal Central School,located at Taal Batangas.These structured interview questions were carefully designed to cover various dimensions of the study,including the types of challenges perceived by teachers,strategies employed,and possible solutions for addressing the problems encountered in the process of supporting students with reading difficulties.The results revealed that teachers faced several challenges when teaching students with reading difficulties such as emotional and motivational issues/factors,lack of resources or teaching aids,deficits in knowledge and skills,and problems with student engagement and participation.This study also showed common approaches utilized by the teachers in supporting students with reading difficulties,which were fostering a positive and supportive environment,adopting individualized and multifaceted approaches,and utilizing effective teaching tools and strategies.Lastly,teachers also concluded varied solutions in addressing the challenges perceived in teaching students with reading difficulties towards fostering reading proficiency.These include developing peer support,use of positive reinforcement,and parental involvement.Moreover,specialized resources,professional development for teachers,and specific teaching strategies are also highlighted as crucial components.By integrating these approaches,teachers concluded that it can create a supportive and effective learning environment tailored to the needs of students with reading difficulties.

侧卧位和沙滩椅位在关节镜治疗巨大肩袖撕裂中的应用效果比较

目的比较侧卧位和沙滩椅位对关节镜下巨大肩袖撕裂修补术临床疗效的影响。方法回顾性分析2019年1月至2021年1月我院收治的关节镜治疗巨大肩袖撕裂病人95例,根据手术体位分为侧卧位组(49例)和沙滩椅位组(46例)。比较两组病人的手术时间、术中出血量、术中平均收缩压,术前及术后3、12个月的加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)肩关节评分、美国肩肘外科协会(ASES)评分、疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、肩关节活动度,以及术后12个月的并发症发生情况,并通过MRI评估肩袖再撕裂情况。结果与沙滩椅位组相比,侧卧位组手术时间短[(74.5±4.1)min vs.(97.0±5.7)min]、术中出血量少[(55.6±3.4)mL vs.(79.9±5.7)mL]、术中平均收缩压低[(99.7±6.7)mmHg vs.(122.5±6.3)mmHg],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后两组UCLA评分、ASES评分、VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后3、12个月的肩关节前屈、外旋及外展活动度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后随访12个月,两组均无血管、神经损伤,切口感染等术后并发症发生,术后复查MRI,两组均未见修复肩袖再撕裂。结论侧卧位及沙滩椅位关节镜下修补巨大肩袖撕裂均能达到良好临床疗效,其术后功能评分、肩关节活动度、并发症及再撕裂率相似,但侧卧位术中控制性降压可降至更低水平,手术时间更短,术中出血量更少。

A study of university and college students’ academic reading format preference and behavior in China: A comparative research supported by global survey data

The Academic Reading Format International Study(ARFIS)is an international research project which so far includes researchers from 36 different countries or regions.The purpose of such a project is to explore university and college students’preference for academic reading format and information behaviors.China is one of the earliest countries that involved in the ARFIS project.