Recent progress in the applications of presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography imaging in parkinsonism

Nowadays,presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography,which assesses deficiencies in dopamine synthesis,storage,and transport,is widely utilized for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of parkinsonism.This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest developments in the application of presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography imaging in disorders that manifest parkinsonism.We conducted a thorough literature search using reputable databases such as PubMed and Web of Science.Selection criteria involved identifying peer-reviewed articles published within the last 5 years,with emphasis on their relevance to clinical applications.The findings from these studies highlight that presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography has demonstrated potential not only in diagnosing and differentiating various Parkinsonian conditions but also in assessing disease severity and predicting prognosis.Moreover,when employed in conjunction with other imaging modalities and advanced analytical methods,presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography has been validated as a reliable in vivo biomarker.This validation extends to screening and exploring potential neuropathological mechanisms associated with dopaminergic depletion.In summary,the insights gained from interpreting these studies are crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of preclinical investigations and clinical trials,ultimately advancing toward the goals of neuroregeneration in parkinsonian disorders.

Impact of random and scattered coincidences from outside of field of view on positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging with different reconstruction protocols

Image quality in positron emission tomography(PET)is affected by random and scattered coincidences and reconstruction protocols.In this study,we investigated the effects of scattered and random coincidences from outside the field of view(FOV)on PET image quality for different reconstruction protocols.Imaging was performed on the Discovery 690 PET/CT scanner,using experimental configurations including the NEMA phantom(a body phantom,with six spheres of different sizes)with a signal background ratio of 4:1.The NEMA phantom(phantom I)was scanned separately in a one-bed position.To simulate the effect of random and scatter coincidences from outside the FOV,six cylindrical phantoms with various diameters were added to the NEMA phantom(phantom II).The 18 emission datasets with mean intervals of 15 min were acquired(3 min/scan).The emission data were reconstructed using different techniques.The image quality parameters were evaluated by both phantoms.Variations in the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)in a 28-mm(10-mm)sphere of phantom II were 37.9%(86.5%)for ordered-subset expectation maximization(OSEM-only),36.8%(81.5%)for point spread function(PSF),32.7%(80.7%)for time of flight(TOF),and 31.5%(77.8%)for OSEM+PSF+TOF,respectively,indicating that OSEM+PSF+TOF reconstruction had the lowest noise levels and lowest coefficient of variation(COV)values.Random and scatter coincidences from outside the FOV induced lower SNR,lower contrast,and higher COV values,indicating image deterioration and significantly impacting smaller sphere sizes.Amongst reconstruction protocols,OSEM+PSF+TOF and OSEM+PSF showed higher contrast values for sphere sizes of 22,28,and 37 mm and higher contrast recovery coefficient values for smaller sphere sizes of 10 and 13 mm.

Primary imaging features and recent application of PET tracers in cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy(CAA)is a small vessel disease of the brain characterized by the progressive deposition of amyloid-β(Aβ)plaques in the walls of cerebral blood vessels.It presents with a subtle course and sudden onset,and currently,there are no specific therapeutic interventions available.Accurate diagnosis of CAA could enable targeted interventions in the early stages of the disease,potentially mitigating the disease’s effects.Herein,we review the primary imaging biomarkers used in the diagnosis of CAA,including their mechanisms,imaging characteristics,and significance.We also provide an interpretation of the latest version(v2.0)of the Boston criteria,which are commonly used in the clinical diagnosis of CAA.Additionally,this study introduces various positron emission tomography(PET)tracers for CAA and reviews their application values in the diagnosis of CAA.

Clinical relevance of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography and magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging in decision-making regarding the treatment strategy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND Recent advances in endoscopic technology,especially magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging(ME-NBI)enable us to detect superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC),but determining the appropriate method of resection,endoscopic resection(ER)vs surgical resection,is often challenging.Recently,several studies have reported that 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography(FDG-PET)is a useful indicator for decision-making regarding treatment for superficial ESCC.Although,there are not enough reports on association between FDG-PET uptake and clinicopathological characteristics of superficial ESCC.And,there are not enough reports on evaluating the usefulness of combination of FDG-PET and ME-NBI for determining the treatment strategy for superficial ESCC.This study evaluated clinical relevance of FDG-PET and ME-NBI in decision-making regarding the treatment strategy for ESCC.AIM To investigate the association between FDG uptake and the clinicopathological characteristics of superficial ESCC and its usefulness of combination of FDG-PET and ME-NBI for determining the treatment strategy for superficial ESCC.METHODS A database of all patients with superficial ESCC who had undergone both MENBI and FDG-PET for pre-treatment staging at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital between January 2008 and November 2018 was retrospectively analyzed.FDG uptake was defined positive or negative whether the primary lesion was visualized or could be distinguished from the background,or not.The invasion depth of ESCC was classified according to the Japan Esophageal Society.Primary endpoint is to evaluate the association between FDG uptake and clinicopathological characteristics of superficial ESCC.Secondary endpoint is to investigate the efficacy of combination of FDG-PET and ME-NBI for determining the treatment strategy for superficial ESCC.RESULTS A total of 82 lesions in 82 patients were included.FDG-PET showed positive uptake in 29(35.4%)lesions.Univariate analysis showed that uptake of FDG-PET had significant correlations with circumferential extension(P=0.014),pathological depth of tumor invasion(P<0.001),infiltrative growth pattern(P<0.001),histological grade(P=0.002),vascular invasion(P=0.001),and lymphatic invasion(P<0.001).On multivariate analysis,only depth of tumor invasion was independently correlated with FDG-PET/computed tomography visibility(P=0.018).The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV),negative predictive value(NPV),and accuracy of Type B2 in ME-NBI for the invasion depth of T1a muscularis mucosae and T1b upper submucosal layer were 68.4%/79.4%/50.0%/89.3%/76.8%,respectively,and those of Type B3 for the depth of T1b middle and deeper submucosal layers(SM2 and SM3)were 46.7%/100%/100%/89.3%/90.2%,respectively.On the other hand,those of FDGPET for SM2 and SM3 were 93.3%/77.6%/48.2%/98.1%/80.5%,respectively,whereas,if the combination of positive FDG uptake and type B2 and B3 was defined as an indicator for radical esophagectomy or definitive chemoradiotherapy,the sensitivity,specificity,PPV,NPV,and accuracy were 78.3%/91.5%/78.3%/91.5%/87.8%,respectively.CONCLUSION FDG uptake was correlated with the invasion depth of superficial ESCC.Combined use of FDG-PET and ME-NBI,especially with the microvascular findings of Type B2 and B3,is useful to determine whether ER is indicated for the lesion.

Imaging plaque inflammation in asymptomatic cocaine addicted individuals with simultaneous positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging

BACKGROUND Chronic cocaine use is associated with stroke, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction, resulting in severe impairments or sudden mortality. In the absence of clear cardiovascular symptoms, individuals with cocaine use disorder (iCUD) seeking addiction treatment receive mostly psychotherapy and psychiatric pharmacotherapy, with no attention to vascular disease (i.e., atherosclerosis). Little is known about the pre-clinical signs of cardiovascular risk in iCUD and early signs of vascular disease are undetected in this underserved population. AIM To assess inflammation, plaque burden and plaque composition in iCUD aiming to detect markers of atherosclerosis and vascular disease. METHODS The bilateral carotid arteries were imaged with positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) in iCUD asymptomatic for cardiovascular disease, healthy controls, and individuals with cardiovascular risk. PET with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) evaluated vascular inflammation and 3-D dark-blood MRI assessed plaque burden including wall area and thickness. Drug use and severity of addiction were assessed with standardized instruments. RESULTS The majority of iCUD and controls had carotid FDG-PET signal greater than 1.6 but lower than 3, indicating the presence of mild to moderate inflammation. However, the MRI measure of wall structure was thicker in iCUD as compared to the controls and cardiovascular risk group, indicating greater carotid plaque burden. iCUD had larger wall area as compared to the healthy controls but not as compared to the cardiovascular risk group, indicating structural wall similarities between the non-control study groups. In iCUD, wall area correlated with greater cocaine withdrawal and craving. CONCLUSION These preliminary results show markers of carotid artery disease burden in cardiovascular disease-asymptomatic iCUD. Broader trials are warranted to develop protocols for early detection of cardiovascular risk and preventive intervention in iCUD.

Serial Brain Positron Emission Tomography Fused to Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Post-Infectious and Autoantibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis

Serial positron emission tomography fused to magnetic resonance imaging showed progression of GAD65 autoimmune encephalitis.

Positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging combined with computed tomography in tumor volume delineation: A case report

BACKGROUND Accurate delineation of the target area for patients with hypopharyngeal cancer is the key to achieving an ideal radiotherapy effect.Since computed tomography(CT)alone can no longer meet the treatment needs,fusing CT images with magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)or positron emission tomography(PET)images can overcome the disadvantages of CT.Herein,we present a clinical case of hypopharyngeal cancer to delineate the tumor volume using combined MRI-CT and PET-CT fusion images to examine if they could accurately cover the tumor volume.CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old male patient with hypopharyngeal carcinoma could not tolerate chemotherapy and surgery due to complicated health issues such as diabetic nephropathy and other underlying diseases.After multidisciplinary consultations,clinicians eventually agreed to undergo radiotherapy to control the progression of his tumor.He was examined by CT,MRI,and 18-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET for treatment planning,and CT images were fused with PET and MRI images while delineating tumor volume.CONCLUSION The image fusion of MRI-CT and PET-CT has both advantages and disadvantages.Compared with CT images alone,the combination of MRI-CT and PET-CT fusion images can precisely cover the gross tumor volume in hypopharyngeal carcinoma and avoid overestimation or incomplete coverage of tumor volume.

Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and Fdeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography/computed tomography findings of alveolar soft part sarcoma with calcification in the thigh: A case report

BACKGROUND Alveolar soft part sarcoma(ASPS)is an extremely rare malignant sarcoma,accounting for less than 1%of all soft-tissue sarcomas.However,limited information is available on multimodal imaging[computed tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and positron emission computed tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)]of ASPS.CASE SUMMARY This study reports a case of a 35-year-old female patient with ASPS of the left thigh with lung metastasis.The patient presented with a 1-year history of a palpable mass in the lower extremity,which exhibited rapid growth for 3 wk.CT,MRI,and F-deoxyglucose PET/CT examinations were performed.CT showed a slightly hypodense or isodense mass with patchy calcifications.On MRI examination,the mass manifested hyperintensity on T1-weighted,T2-weighted,and diffusion-weighted images with some signal voids.PET/CT images demonstrated an intensely hypermetabolic mass in the left thigh and hypermetabolic nodules in lungs.CONCLUSION ASPS should be considered as a possible diagnosis when a slow-growing mass is detected in the soft tissue of the extremities,with hyperintensity and numerous signal voids on T1-weighted,T2-weighted,and diffusion-weighted images and intense F-deoxyglucose uptake on PET/CT.ASPS can have calcifications on CT.

Utility of positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging in musculoskeletal imaging

Differentiation between neoplastic and nonneoplastic conditions magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) has established itself as one of the key clinical tools in evaluation of musculoskeletal pathology. However, MRI still has several key limitations which require supplemental information from additional modalities to complete evaluation of various disorders. This has led to the development hybrid positron emission tomography(PET)-MRI which is rapidly evolving to address key clinical questions by using the morphological strengths of MRI and functional information of PET imaging. In this article, we aim to review physical principles and techniques of PET-MRI and discuss clinical utility of functional information obtained from PET imaging and structural information obtained from MRI imaging for the evaluation of musculoskeletal pathology. More specifically, this review highlights the role of PET-MRI in musculoskeletal oncology including initial diagnosis and staging, treatment planning and posttreatment follow-up. Also we will review utility of PET-MRI in evaluating musculoskeletal infections(especially in the immunocompromised and diabetics) and inflammatory condition. Additionally, common pitfalls of PET-MRI will be addressed.

Imaging pancreatic islet cells by positron emission tomography

It was estimated that every year more than 30000 persons in the United States- approximately 80 people per day- are diagnosed with type 1 diabetes(T1D). T1 D is caused by autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic islet(β cells) cells. Islet transplantation has become a promising therapy option for T1 D patients, while the lack of suitable tools is difficult to directly evaluate of the viability of the grafted islet over time. Positron emission tomography(PET) as an important non-invasive methodology providing high sensitivity and good resolution, is able to accurate detection of the disturbed biochemical processes and physiological abnormality in living organism. The successful PET imaging of islets would be able to localize the specific site where transplanted islets engraft in the liver, and to quantify the level of islets remain alive and functional over time. This information would be vital to establishing and evaluating the efficiency of pancreatic islet transplantation. Many novel imaging agents have been developed to improve the sensitivity and specificity of PET islet imaging. In this article, we summarize the latest developments in carbon-11, fluorine-18, copper-64, and gallium-68 labeled radioligands for the PET imaging of pancreatic islet cells.

Simultaneous whole body ^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of pediatric cancer: Preliminary experience and comparison with ^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomogra

AIM: To describe our preliminary experience with simultaneous whole body ^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose(^(18)F-FDG)positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging(PET-MRI) in the evaluation of pediatric oncology patients.METHODS: This prospective, observational, singlecenter study was Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant, and institutional review board approved. To be eligible, a patient was required to:(1) have a known or suspected cancer diagnosis;(2) be under the care of a pediatric hematologist/oncologist; and(3) be scheduled for clinically indicated ^(18)F-FDG PETCT examination at our institution. Patients underwent PET-CT followed by PET-MRI on the same day. PET-CT examinations were performed using standard department protocols. PET-MRI studies were acquired with an integrated 3 Tesla PET-MRI scanner using whole body T1 Dixon, T2 HASTE, EPI diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI) and STIR sequences. No additional radiotracer was given for the PET-MRI examination. Both PET-CT and PETMRI examinations were reviewed by consensus by two study personnel. Test performance characteristics of PETMRI, for the detection of malignant lesions, including FDG maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax) and minimum apparent diffusion coefficient(ADCmin), were calculated on a per lesion basis using PET-CT as a reference standard.RESULTS: A total of 10 whole body PET-MRI exams were performed in 7 pediatric oncology patients. The mean patient age was 16.1 years(range 12-19 years) including 6 males and 1 female. A total of 20 malignant and 21 benign lesions were identified on PET-CT. PET-MRI SUVmax had excellent correlation with PET-CT SUVmax for both benign and malignant lesions(R = 0.93). PETMRI SUVmax > 2.5 had 100% accuracy for discriminating benign from malignant lesions using PET-computed tomography(CT) reference. Whole body DWI was also evaluated: the mean ADCmin of malignant lesions(780.2 + 326.6) was significantly lower than that of benign lesions(1246.2 + 417.3; P = 0.0003; Student's t test). A range of ADCmin thresholds for malignancy were evaluated, from 0.5-1.5 × 10^(-3) mm^2/s. The 1.0 × 10^(-3) ADCmin threshold performed best compared with PETCT reference(68.3% accuracy). However, the accuracy of PET-MRI SUVmax was significantly better than ADCmin for detecting malignant lesions compared with PET-CT reference(P < 0.0001; two-tailed Mc Nemar's test).CONCLUSION: These results suggest a clinical role for simultaneous whole body PET-MRI in evaluating pediatric cancer patients.

Determination of Fragmentation Schemes and Metabolites of Fluorinated Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors for Use as Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Agents Using HPLC-MS/MS

High performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated as a method for the analysis of fluorinated histone deacetylase inhibitors (F-HDACi), and then employed to study their metabolism in biosystems. Four HDACi analogs labeled with the positron emission nuclide 18F constitute a group of potential positron emission tomography imaging agents, which were developed by the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research (INER) and coded as INER-1577 #1, #2, #3, and #4 during animal studies for the diagnosis of dementia. The performance of the method was found to be suitable for the determination of analog #3, and it was employed to determine the structures and fragmentation mechanisms of all four analogs and to study the biotransformations of analogs #3 and #4. The results indicated that the method used for the determination of analog #3 was suitable for determining the abundance of the analogs in chemical and biochemical tests with high precision, accuracy, reproducibility, and recovery. Weaknesses in the chemical bonding of the analogs were found to involve the fluoro, dimethylamino, and benzamide groups in a fragmentation mechanism deduced via tandem mass spectrometry. The metabolites of analogs #3 and #4 in rat liver microsomes and rat plasma were also identified to clarify their characteristic behaviors in biosystems. The major product of analogs #3 in liver microsomes was produced by hydroxylation of the benzylic carbon atom, but in rat plasma the metabolites of analog #3 were produced by hydrolysis of the benzamide group to give a diaminobiphenyl compound with the simultaneous replacement of a fluorine atom by a hydroxyl group. The metabolites of analog #4 in liver microsomes were produced by hydroxylation of the benzylic carbon atom and hydrolysis of the benzamide bond. The results of the studies characterized the chemical and biochemical behaviors of the series F-HADCi analogs.

IN VIVO VALIDATION OF DUAL-MODALITY SYSTEM FOR SIMULTANEOUS POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY AND OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGING

We report on tests of combined positron emission tomography(PET)andfluorescence molecular tomography(FMT)imaging system for in vivo investigation on small animals.A nude mouse was inoculated with MD-MB-231 breast cancer cells which expressed redfluorescent protein(RFP).For FMT system,reflective illumination mode was adopted with full-angle data acquisition.[18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose([18F]-FDG)was used as radioactive tracer for PET.Both data were acquired simultaneously and then reconstructed separately before fusion.Fluorescent tomography results showed exactly where the tumor was located while PET results offered more metabolic information.Results confirmed feasibility for tumor detection and showed superiority to single modality imaging.

Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (PET-CT) in Head and Neck Pathology

Cancer of the head and neck is often devastating and the morbidity associated with its treatment is substantial. Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (PET-CT) combines the power of biological / molecular imaging with the anatomic detail of CT in order to provide a very sensitive and specific imaging tool for the evaluation of head and neck pathology. PET can aid the clinician in establishing diagnosis, staging, (It has been shown to be more accurate than CT), assessing, prognosis and determining response to therapy. Lymphoma, melanoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, salivary gland tumors, odontogenic carcinomas, soft tissue sarcomas, thyroid, parathyroid, lacrimal gland and bone / cartilage tumors are some of the entities where PET-CT may be useful. (Tumors of salivary glands and of odontogenic tissue are particularly difficult to diagnose due to the relative infrequency when compared with other tumors and the extremely vast histologic variation).It is important to note that carcinoma metastasis, is the most common malignancy found within the mandibular bone. PET-CT and skeletal scintigraphy are both very sensitive and specific in these types of patients.

New frontiers in focal therapy for prostate cancer:Prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging

Imaging has a central role in the context of focal therapy(FT)for prostate cancer(PCa).Prostate-specific membrane antigen(PSMA)positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging(PET/MRI)is a novel imaging modality that combines the morpho-functional information of MRI with the molecular characterization of PET.Some papers reported the potential advantages of PSMA PET/MRI in different clinical scenarios.Limited evidence on PSMA PET/MRI is available in the setting of FT.PSMA PET/MRI can be an effective imaging modality for detecting primary PCa and seems to provide accurate local staging of primary PCa.PSMA PET/MRI also shows high performance for restaging and detecting tumor recurrence.The higher soft-tissue contrast and the reduction of ionizing radiation are the main advantages reported in the literature compared to PET/computed tomography.PSMA PET/MRI could represent a turning point in the management of patients with PCa in the context of FT.Further studies are needed to confirm its applications in this specific clinical setting.

自身免疫性脑炎^(18)F-FDG PET/MR表现的初步研究

目的 探索自身免疫性脑炎(autoimmune encephalitis, AE)患者^(18)F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖(fludeoxyglucose, FDG)正电子发射/磁共振计算机断层显像(positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance, PET/MR)表现,寻找提高疾病诊断效能的影像学标记物。材料与方法 回顾性分析25例AE患者(AE组)和11例健康对照(healthy controls, HC)(HC组)的资料。所有研究对象均采集头颅^(18)F-FDG PET/MR影像。首先,使用统计参数图12(statistical parametric mapping 12, SPM12)处理包得出AE组FDG摄取异常脑区。然后,使用后处理工作站多模态脑分析软件提取脑区体积/全脑体积(volume/total intracranial volume,volume/TIV)和平均标准化摄取率(standardized uptake value ratio, SUVr)参数,比较AE组与HC组各个脑区volume/TIV和SUVr的组间差异,并分别选取volume/TIV和SUVr有显著差异的脑区绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线,计算单一定量参数及定量参数两两联合的诊断效能。最后,进行DeLong检验选择最佳模型,绘制联合诊断校准曲线和决策曲线评估预测模型的准确性,置换检验用于评估统计量的显著性。结果 SPM12的分析显示,AE组脑干和小脑FDG摄取增高(P<0.001),而双侧额叶、顶叶、右侧枕叶FDG摄取减低(P<0.001)。脑结构分析结果显示岛叶、扣带回、距状回volume/TIV减低(P<0.05),中扣带回、顶叶、楔叶、枕外侧回SUVr减低(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析发现左侧距状回的volume/TIV和左侧中扣带回的SUVr联合诊断效能(曲线下面积=0.964)最高。DeLong检验显示定量参数两两联合诊断效能与单一参数诊断效能差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。校准曲线显示诊断模型的校准度一般,但决策曲线显示在一定风险阈值范围内患者可获得比较高的净收益。置换检验显示AE组及HC组的左侧距状回的volume/TIV和左侧中扣带回的SUVr之间差异具有统计学意义。结论 AE患者^(18)F-FDG PET/MR存在某些特定脑区FDG代谢异常和脑体积改变,左侧距状回的volume/TIV和左侧中扣带回SUVr两个参数联合是潜在诊断AE的生物学标记物。

不同重建方法对颞叶癫痫患者FDG PET图像质量及诊断效能的影响

目的评估飞行时间(TOF)联合点扩散函数(PSF)重建对于颞叶癫痫(TLE)患者脑PET图像及病灶定位诊断的价值。方法回顾性收集2017年至2019年间首都医科大学宣武医院52例住院TLE患者[男30例、女22例,年龄(26.7±7.1)岁]和26名健康志愿者[男14名、女12名,年龄(31.7±6.8)岁]的脑18F-FDG PET显像数据,图像采用4种方式重建:有序子集最大期望值迭代法(OSEM)、OSEM+TOF、OSEM+PSF、OSEM+TOF+PSF。采用4分制法视觉评估所有被试的图像质量、清晰度、噪声以及患者病灶显示的清晰度,计算所有被试图像的信噪比(SNR)、对比度以及患者病灶的不对称指数(AI)。采用单因素方差分析对4种重建方式之间上述参数的差异进行比较。对PET图像定位致痫灶的效能进行ROC曲线分析。结果健康志愿者PET图像的视觉评分以OSEM+TOF+PSF组最高[(4.0±0.0)分],与OSEM组相比,OSEM+TOF+PSF组图像SNR降低46.6%(SNR数据越小,图像质量越好),图像对比度提升29.8%。TLE PET图像视觉评估显示,OSEM+TOF+PSF组、OSEM+PSF组、OSEM+TOF组和OSEM组的评分依次减低,分别为(4.0±0.0)、(3.4±0.5)、(2.3±0.4)和(1.0±0.0)分(F=884.0,P<0.001)。定量分析显示上述4组图像的SNR依次增高:(5.2±2.4)%、(6.2±2.4)%、(7.9±2.6)%、(8.9±3.5)%(F=18.82,P<0.001);图像对比度及病灶AI的4组排序则为OSEM+TOF+PSF组(对比度:0.81±0.03;AI:0.28±0.05)>OSEM+TOF组(0.74±0.05;0.23±0.06)>OSEM+PSF组(0.72±0.06;0.22±0.07)>OSEM组(0.64±0.05;0.19±0.06)(F值:107.10、19.94,均P<0.001)。52例TLE患者中32例MRI检出单侧海马硬化,20例为MRI阴性患者。ROC曲线分析示,发作间期OSEM+TOF+PSF PET图像目视法及病灶/对侧SUV比值(SUVR)对单侧海马硬化组定位致痫灶的AUC为0.874,对MRI阴性组定位致痫灶的AUC为0.932。结论TOF和PSF技术能够提高PET图像质量,二者联合应用后效果最佳并有助于定位TLE患者的致痫灶。

一体化PET/MR在乳腺疾病中的应用进展

近年来新出现的一体化PET/MR,实现了PET与MR真正的生理同步,对多种疾病的诊断有着独特的优势,在乳腺疾病中的应用也值得关注。本文从PET/MR技术特点、示踪剂、工作流程、在乳腺疾病筛查、良恶性鉴别诊断和乳腺癌病情评估中的应用等多个方面进行综述如下。

新型胃泌素释放肽受体靶向PET分子探针应用于肿瘤显像的研究进展

胃泌素释放肽受体(GRPR)是一种属于铃蟾肽受体家族的G蛋白偶联受体,主要分布于整个胃肠道和中枢神经系统,通过与其配体胃泌素释放肽结合发挥生物学作用。近年研究发现,GRPR在许多恶性肿瘤中过度表达并参与恶性肿瘤的发生发展,如乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肺癌、胰腺癌和多形性胶质母细胞瘤等。正电子发射计算机断层扫描(PET)是一种通过检测放射性标记物质在人体内部的分布和浓度来提供图像的医学成像技术,能够提供更全面、准确的诊断信息。已有研究表明靶向GRPR的PET显像在多种恶性肿瘤的诊断、治疗监测和预后评估等方面发挥重大作用,因此,开发特异性强、亲和性高的GRPR探针对肿瘤的诊断与治疗意义重大。本文针对已报道的新型GRPR靶向PET分子探针的种类及肿瘤显像的应用展开综述,以期为GRPR靶向PET分子探针的研发及临床转化提供新思路和新方向。

^(18)F-FDG PET/CT 联合 CEA 在诊断结直肠癌分化程度中的价值分析

目的探讨^(18)F-脱氧葡萄糖(^(18)F-FDG)正电子发射计算机断层显像(PET/CT)联合癌胚抗原(CEA)诊断结直肠癌分化程度的价值。方法选取85例结直肠癌患者,均接受^(18)F-FDG PET/CT、CEA检查,以内镜活检或术后病理结果为金标准,通过受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析^(18)F-FDG PET/CT、CEA单独及联合诊断结直肠癌的价值。结果内镜活检或术后病理诊断85例结直肠癌患者中,结肠癌60例,直肠癌25例;高分化38例,中分化26例,低分化21例。不同分化程度结直肠癌患者SUVmax值、CEA值对比,低分化>中分化>高分化,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线显示^(18)F-FDG PET/CT、CEA参数单独及联合诊断结直肠癌分化程度的曲线下面积(AUC)值分别为0.768、0.810、0.862,联合诊断价值高。结论^(18)F-FDG PET/CT联合CEA诊断结直肠癌分化程度的临床价值较高。