针对既有电气化铁路分段、分相式供电结构导致的列车过分相速度损失、再生制动能量利用率低等问题,提出一种分区所多功能潮流控制系统(multi-functional power flow control system for section post,SP-MPFC)及其控制策略,旨在充分利...针对既有电气化铁路分段、分相式供电结构导致的列车过分相速度损失、再生制动能量利用率低等问题,提出一种分区所多功能潮流控制系统(multi-functional power flow control system for section post,SP-MPFC)及其控制策略,旨在充分利用变流设备容量,兼顾实现分区所处列车柔性过分相、牵引网末端电压稳定与再生制动能量转移利用。首先,介绍分区所多功能潮流控制系统的拓扑结构。然后,详细分析了柔性过分相、牵引网末端电压稳定与再生制动能量转移利用3种功能的实现原理。在此基础上,提出分区所多功能潮流控制系统分层控制策略,其中能量管理层计算系统内各个变流器的有功/无功输出功率参考值,设备层协同控制多个变流器快速跟踪各自功率参考值。最后,通过仿真验证所提系统结构与控制策略的有效性。展开更多
界面面积浓度(Interfacial Area Concentration,IAC)是两相流动的封闭两流体模型中界面传递项的关键参数,用于表征气液界面传输能力的强弱。对界面面积浓度的建模预测通常有经验关联式和界面面积输运方程等方法,但这些方法都有较大的数...界面面积浓度(Interfacial Area Concentration,IAC)是两相流动的封闭两流体模型中界面传递项的关键参数,用于表征气液界面传输能力的强弱。对界面面积浓度的建模预测通常有经验关联式和界面面积输运方程等方法,但这些方法都有较大的数据依赖性。而对神经网络模型增添可解释性可以为模型修正提供方向,严谨提升预测精度。为更好地预测两相流动的IAC,基于神经网络建立了IAC的预测模型,结合不同气泡行为、物理关系及统计分布并利用事后可解释性方法,对比分析了不同输入特征组合的神经网络模型预测能力;并通过神经网络每层的结构参数大小,分析输出比重挑选合适的数据预处理方法。通过事后可解释性分析得到空泡份额是IAC预测的重要因素,而对训练数据进行对数变换预处理能够显著提高模型对真实数据的预测能力。展开更多
It has been reported by previous research work that in plasma spray process hydroxyapatite decomposes into some amorphous phases due to rapid cooling of the coated substrate during the coating process, which causes in...It has been reported by previous research work that in plasma spray process hydroxyapatite decomposes into some amorphous phases due to rapid cooling of the coated substrate during the coating process, which causes instability of coated implant. Post coating heat treatment has been expected to minimize these phases and also enhance the long term reliability of hydroxyapatite coatings on metal substrates. In this paper post coating heat treatment is carried out at different temperatures suggested by the literature to study its effect on the microstructural and mechanical properties of coating. Coated substrates were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM/EDAX analysis.展开更多
The Berkovich indentation loading curves of the initially only extraterrestrial available polymorphs of SiO2 are physically analyzed by applying the now well established FN-h3/2 plots for conical/pyramidal indentation...The Berkovich indentation loading curves of the initially only extraterrestrial available polymorphs of SiO2 are physically analyzed by applying the now well established FN-h3/2 plots for conical/pyramidal indentations, in view of determining the phase-transition onset forces, indentation energies, and transition energies. Two phase-transitions of synthesized Stishovite yielding 2 polymorphs (one of them is Seifertite) with these properties are characterized. A third post-Stishovite polymorph is safely projected for higher load indentation. Both of them are now available at room temperature on earth for further investigation and the projected third of them is waiting. The published “pop-ins” had to be removed by self-evident repair of the force-depth curve. The meaning of published “pop-ins” is elucidated, apparently for the first time. The reasons for them and their avoidance are manifold. They are not materials’ properties but mechanical artefacts. Published pop-ins are not at all connected to phase-transitions, despite theoretical considerations claiming elastic-plastic conversion at the start of “pop-ins”. Spherical indentation analyses before them are obsolete. Final support is inter alia that one of the two new MgO twinning transitions is within a published “pop-in excursion”. The putting of a pop-in arrow at smooth loading curve without discontinuities is criticized, as the transfer between chemically different phases is neither phase transition nor “pop-in”. The polymorph’s onset forces, their energies and their endo- or exo-thermic phase-transition energies are reported. The development of the Stishovite, post-Stishovite and MgO polymorphs is mechanochemical analyzed. High pressure polymorph energetic properties are important for the earth’s sub mantel investigations and for public safety of technical materials such as MgO for constructions, or covered superalloys for e.g. airplanes, turbines, etc. Breakage and catastrophic cracks are more easily initiated at polymorph interfaces, the onset and transition energies must be above the highest possible mechanical and thermal stress for their being safe.展开更多
采用熔化极活性气体保护焊(metal active gas arc welding,MAG焊)、等离子弧焊(plasma arc welding,PAW)和高频感应焊接方法获得铁素体+马氏体双相组织不锈钢00Cr12Ni的焊接接头,对其组织区域特征和力学性能进行了研究.典型的焊接接头...采用熔化极活性气体保护焊(metal active gas arc welding,MAG焊)、等离子弧焊(plasma arc welding,PAW)和高频感应焊接方法获得铁素体+马氏体双相组织不锈钢00Cr12Ni的焊接接头,对其组织区域特征和力学性能进行了研究.典型的焊接接头热影响区(heat affected zone,HAZ)可分为晶粒粗大,铁素体为优势相的高温热影响区(high temperature heat affected zone,HTHAZ)和晶粒细小,马氏体为优势相的低温热影响区(low temperature heat affected zone,LTHAZ).通过测量实际焊接热循环曲线的方法确定了HTHAZ及LTHAZ的温度范围,并采用热模拟研究HAZ不同区域的力学性能.结果表明,HTHAZ的热循环峰值范围为1200℃至熔点,晶粒粗大呈现为脆性;LTHAZ热循环峰值范围为800~1200℃,室温组织为非平衡低碳板条马氏体,韧性较好,但低于0℃时呈脆性.MAG焊接头由于奥氏体焊缝为钟罩形,HAZ冲击试验时断面包括奥氏体焊缝,因此冲击性能较好;PAW接头在1000℃奥氏体快冷可获得细晶粒马氏体韧性提高;高频感应焊接接头中无HTHAZ,但焊接过程中的加工硬化导致室温呈脆性,通过去应力退火后韧性恢复.展开更多
文摘针对既有电气化铁路分段、分相式供电结构导致的列车过分相速度损失、再生制动能量利用率低等问题,提出一种分区所多功能潮流控制系统(multi-functional power flow control system for section post,SP-MPFC)及其控制策略,旨在充分利用变流设备容量,兼顾实现分区所处列车柔性过分相、牵引网末端电压稳定与再生制动能量转移利用。首先,介绍分区所多功能潮流控制系统的拓扑结构。然后,详细分析了柔性过分相、牵引网末端电压稳定与再生制动能量转移利用3种功能的实现原理。在此基础上,提出分区所多功能潮流控制系统分层控制策略,其中能量管理层计算系统内各个变流器的有功/无功输出功率参考值,设备层协同控制多个变流器快速跟踪各自功率参考值。最后,通过仿真验证所提系统结构与控制策略的有效性。
文摘界面面积浓度(Interfacial Area Concentration,IAC)是两相流动的封闭两流体模型中界面传递项的关键参数,用于表征气液界面传输能力的强弱。对界面面积浓度的建模预测通常有经验关联式和界面面积输运方程等方法,但这些方法都有较大的数据依赖性。而对神经网络模型增添可解释性可以为模型修正提供方向,严谨提升预测精度。为更好地预测两相流动的IAC,基于神经网络建立了IAC的预测模型,结合不同气泡行为、物理关系及统计分布并利用事后可解释性方法,对比分析了不同输入特征组合的神经网络模型预测能力;并通过神经网络每层的结构参数大小,分析输出比重挑选合适的数据预处理方法。通过事后可解释性分析得到空泡份额是IAC预测的重要因素,而对训练数据进行对数变换预处理能够显著提高模型对真实数据的预测能力。
文摘It has been reported by previous research work that in plasma spray process hydroxyapatite decomposes into some amorphous phases due to rapid cooling of the coated substrate during the coating process, which causes instability of coated implant. Post coating heat treatment has been expected to minimize these phases and also enhance the long term reliability of hydroxyapatite coatings on metal substrates. In this paper post coating heat treatment is carried out at different temperatures suggested by the literature to study its effect on the microstructural and mechanical properties of coating. Coated substrates were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM/EDAX analysis.
文摘The Berkovich indentation loading curves of the initially only extraterrestrial available polymorphs of SiO2 are physically analyzed by applying the now well established FN-h3/2 plots for conical/pyramidal indentations, in view of determining the phase-transition onset forces, indentation energies, and transition energies. Two phase-transitions of synthesized Stishovite yielding 2 polymorphs (one of them is Seifertite) with these properties are characterized. A third post-Stishovite polymorph is safely projected for higher load indentation. Both of them are now available at room temperature on earth for further investigation and the projected third of them is waiting. The published “pop-ins” had to be removed by self-evident repair of the force-depth curve. The meaning of published “pop-ins” is elucidated, apparently for the first time. The reasons for them and their avoidance are manifold. They are not materials’ properties but mechanical artefacts. Published pop-ins are not at all connected to phase-transitions, despite theoretical considerations claiming elastic-plastic conversion at the start of “pop-ins”. Spherical indentation analyses before them are obsolete. Final support is inter alia that one of the two new MgO twinning transitions is within a published “pop-in excursion”. The putting of a pop-in arrow at smooth loading curve without discontinuities is criticized, as the transfer between chemically different phases is neither phase transition nor “pop-in”. The polymorph’s onset forces, their energies and their endo- or exo-thermic phase-transition energies are reported. The development of the Stishovite, post-Stishovite and MgO polymorphs is mechanochemical analyzed. High pressure polymorph energetic properties are important for the earth’s sub mantel investigations and for public safety of technical materials such as MgO for constructions, or covered superalloys for e.g. airplanes, turbines, etc. Breakage and catastrophic cracks are more easily initiated at polymorph interfaces, the onset and transition energies must be above the highest possible mechanical and thermal stress for their being safe.
文摘采用熔化极活性气体保护焊(metal active gas arc welding,MAG焊)、等离子弧焊(plasma arc welding,PAW)和高频感应焊接方法获得铁素体+马氏体双相组织不锈钢00Cr12Ni的焊接接头,对其组织区域特征和力学性能进行了研究.典型的焊接接头热影响区(heat affected zone,HAZ)可分为晶粒粗大,铁素体为优势相的高温热影响区(high temperature heat affected zone,HTHAZ)和晶粒细小,马氏体为优势相的低温热影响区(low temperature heat affected zone,LTHAZ).通过测量实际焊接热循环曲线的方法确定了HTHAZ及LTHAZ的温度范围,并采用热模拟研究HAZ不同区域的力学性能.结果表明,HTHAZ的热循环峰值范围为1200℃至熔点,晶粒粗大呈现为脆性;LTHAZ热循环峰值范围为800~1200℃,室温组织为非平衡低碳板条马氏体,韧性较好,但低于0℃时呈脆性.MAG焊接头由于奥氏体焊缝为钟罩形,HAZ冲击试验时断面包括奥氏体焊缝,因此冲击性能较好;PAW接头在1000℃奥氏体快冷可获得细晶粒马氏体韧性提高;高频感应焊接接头中无HTHAZ,但焊接过程中的加工硬化导致室温呈脆性,通过去应力退火后韧性恢复.
