We previously showed that hydrogen sulfide(H2S)has a neuroprotective effect in the context of hypoxic ischemic brain injury in neonatal mice.However,the precise mechanism underlying the role of H2S in this situation r...We previously showed that hydrogen sulfide(H2S)has a neuroprotective effect in the context of hypoxic ischemic brain injury in neonatal mice.However,the precise mechanism underlying the role of H2S in this situation remains unclear.In this study,we used a neonatal mouse model of hypoxic ischemic brain injury and a lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 cell model and found that treatment with L-cysteine,a H2S precursor,attenuated the cerebral infarction and cerebral atrophy induced by hypoxia and ischemia and increased the expression of miR-9-5p and cystathionineβsynthase(a major H2S synthetase in the brain)in the prefrontal cortex.We also found that an miR-9-5p inhibitor blocked the expression of cystathionineβsynthase in the prefrontal cortex in mice with brain injury caused by hypoxia and ischemia.Furthermore,miR-9-5p overexpression increased cystathionine-β-synthase and H2S expression in the injured prefrontal cortex of mice with hypoxic ischemic brain injury.L-cysteine decreased the expression of CXCL11,an miR-9-5p target gene,in the prefrontal cortex of the mouse model and in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 cells and increased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines BNIP3,FSTL1,SOCS2 and SOCS5,while treatment with an miR-9-5p inhibitor reversed these changes.These findings suggest that H2S can reduce neuroinflammation in a neonatal mouse model of hypoxic ischemic brain injury through regulating the miR-9-5p/CXCL11 axis and restoringβ-synthase expression,thereby playing a role in reducing neuroinflammation in hypoxic ischemic brain injury.展开更多
Security environment is both an objective reality and a subjective consciousness. Here so-called "objective reality" mainly refers to the inherent law of the changes in international security situation. To a...Security environment is both an objective reality and a subjective consciousness. Here so-called "objective reality" mainly refers to the inherent law of the changes in international security situation. To a great extent, the subjective consciousness of the objective reality depends on the position and strategic choices of a nation in the international展开更多
Editor＇s note： The terrorist attack on September 11,2001 is the most notable event that has taken place since the end of the Cold War. On the fifth anniversary of the September 11 attacks, the editorial department ...Editor＇s note： The terrorist attack on September 11,2001 is the most notable event that has taken place since the end of the Cold War. On the fifth anniversary of the September 11 attacks, the editorial department of Contemporary International Relations sponsored by China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations held a seminar on Chinese diplomacy and the changing international situation. More than twenty specialists in the field of international relations attended the seminar. We have brought together some of their points in the hope that they would help our readers in their studies of international strategic circumstances as well as China＇s foreign strategy.展开更多
Hailed as“the greatest living novelist in the British Isles”,McEwan’s novel Saturday,published in 2005,is set in the cosmopolitan city of London.The story takes place on February 15,2003,when Europe is still covere...Hailed as“the greatest living novelist in the British Isles”,McEwan’s novel Saturday,published in 2005,is set in the cosmopolitan city of London.The story takes place on February 15,2003,when Europe is still covered by the haze of September 11.The London described by McEwan is full of fear of terrorist attacks.The city is in chaos and disorder,and emptiness and alienation are filled in the hearts of London citizens.This paper attempts to analyze the post-9/11 London cityscape in this novel,and to analyze the social status quo of London under McEwan’s description,so as to further interpret the social deformity and spiritual wastage in the novel.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82271327(to ZW),82072535(to ZW),81873768(to ZW),and 82001253(to TL).
文摘We previously showed that hydrogen sulfide(H2S)has a neuroprotective effect in the context of hypoxic ischemic brain injury in neonatal mice.However,the precise mechanism underlying the role of H2S in this situation remains unclear.In this study,we used a neonatal mouse model of hypoxic ischemic brain injury and a lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 cell model and found that treatment with L-cysteine,a H2S precursor,attenuated the cerebral infarction and cerebral atrophy induced by hypoxia and ischemia and increased the expression of miR-9-5p and cystathionineβsynthase(a major H2S synthetase in the brain)in the prefrontal cortex.We also found that an miR-9-5p inhibitor blocked the expression of cystathionineβsynthase in the prefrontal cortex in mice with brain injury caused by hypoxia and ischemia.Furthermore,miR-9-5p overexpression increased cystathionine-β-synthase and H2S expression in the injured prefrontal cortex of mice with hypoxic ischemic brain injury.L-cysteine decreased the expression of CXCL11,an miR-9-5p target gene,in the prefrontal cortex of the mouse model and in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 cells and increased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines BNIP3,FSTL1,SOCS2 and SOCS5,while treatment with an miR-9-5p inhibitor reversed these changes.These findings suggest that H2S can reduce neuroinflammation in a neonatal mouse model of hypoxic ischemic brain injury through regulating the miR-9-5p/CXCL11 axis and restoringβ-synthase expression,thereby playing a role in reducing neuroinflammation in hypoxic ischemic brain injury.
文摘Security environment is both an objective reality and a subjective consciousness. Here so-called "objective reality" mainly refers to the inherent law of the changes in international security situation. To a great extent, the subjective consciousness of the objective reality depends on the position and strategic choices of a nation in the international
文摘Editor＇s note： The terrorist attack on September 11,2001 is the most notable event that has taken place since the end of the Cold War. On the fifth anniversary of the September 11 attacks, the editorial department of Contemporary International Relations sponsored by China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations held a seminar on Chinese diplomacy and the changing international situation. More than twenty specialists in the field of international relations attended the seminar. We have brought together some of their points in the hope that they would help our readers in their studies of international strategic circumstances as well as China＇s foreign strategy.
文摘Hailed as“the greatest living novelist in the British Isles”,McEwan’s novel Saturday,published in 2005,is set in the cosmopolitan city of London.The story takes place on February 15,2003,when Europe is still covered by the haze of September 11.The London described by McEwan is full of fear of terrorist attacks.The city is in chaos and disorder,and emptiness and alienation are filled in the hearts of London citizens.This paper attempts to analyze the post-9/11 London cityscape in this novel,and to analyze the social status quo of London under McEwan’s description,so as to further interpret the social deformity and spiritual wastage in the novel.
