PSC Bridge Subjected to Combined Post Tension and Post Compression—A Case Study

Starting from the ideas of Conventional Post Tensioning we present a heuristic argument of advantages of combined actions of post compression along with post tensioned technique for a PSC member through a Design Example. Our aim was to assess the characterization of a pre stressed member if it was?to be under the Load effects of post compressing a bar with post tensioned method through hydraulic jacks as the reinforcements in the tensioned zone of conventional PSC bridge were to be compressed in order to induce internal tensile stress similar to internal compressive stresses developed due to conventional post tensioned design. The results ultimately concluded that post compressing a Slender bar by a pre stressing force in the compression zone by a value equal to 0.1?-?0.7 times the pre stressing force in the tension zone would eventually lead to cancelling out of tensile and compressive stresses, thereby forming the desired section which is comparatively smaller in size but can account for sustainability. The anchorage at the top end was?provided by special slender steel rods to eliminate the compressive stresses. All the dead loads?were?counteracted by the action of prestress and the bridge section was able to carry only live load which is deduced through examples in the article.

Innovative Applications of Post-Tension for Restoration and Rehabilitation of Bridges and Structures--Case Studies in India

This paper deals with new and innovative case studies of application of post-tensioning for restoration of structures for buildings, bridges and rock stabilization in India. In earlier situations for these types of cases conventional method of repair and rehabilitation has been used. These innovative approaches for restoration have led to enormous saving of cost and time. The advantages of post tensioning are well known in the civil industry and are being used for the last 40 to 50 years. Post tensioning is one of the best methods to induce stresses in the concrete before application of live load and this technique can also be widely used for restoration and rehabilitation of structures. Unlike the use of post-tensioning in new structures there are no definite methods or codes for application in restoration and rehabilitation of structures. For restoration and rehabilitation of structures, PT （post tensioned） technique can be applied in combination with other techniques and materials available. Bridge lifting is a tricky and risky job especially when the superstructure is displaced appreciably by a natural calamity, etc.. Not only the present state of structure needs proper study before commencement of restoration and rehabilitation but also calls for careful execution. This paper deals with case studies of innovative applications of post tensioning in restoration and rehabilitation of structures and restoration of bridge structure in Andaman ＆ Nicobar Island, India affected by Sumatra quake.

An evaluation of force-based design vs.direct displacement-based design of jointed precast post-tensioned wall systems

The unique features of jointed post-tensioned wall systems, which include minimum structural damage and re-centering capability when subjected to earthquake lateral loads, are the result of using unbonded post-tensioning to attach the walls to the foundation, along with employing energy dissipating shear connectors between the walls. Using acceptance criteria defined in terms of inter-story drift, residual drift, and floor acceleration, this study presents a multiplelevel performance-based seismic evaluation of two five-story unbonded post-tensioned jointed precast wall systems. The design and analysis of these two wall systems, established as the direct displacement-based and force-based solutions for a prototype building used in the PREcast Seismic Structural Systems （PRESSS） program, were performed at 60% scale so that the analysis model could be validated using the PRESSS test data. Both buildings satisfied the performance criteria at four levels of earthquake motions although the design base shear of the direct displacement-based jointed wall system was 50% of that demanded by the force-based design method. The study also investigated the feasibility of controlling the maximum transient inter-story drift in a jointed wall system by increasing the number of energy dissipating shear connectors between the walls but without significantly affecting its re-centering capability.

Rock engineering design of post-tensioned anchors for dams - A review

High-capacity, post-tensioned anchors have found wide-spread use, originally in initial dam design and construction, and more recently in the strengthening and rehabilitation of concrete dams to meet modern design and safety standards. Despite the advances that have been made in rock mechanics and rock engineering during the last 80 years in which post-tensioned anchors have been used in dam en- gineering, some aspects of the rock engineering design of high-capacity rock anchors for dams have changed relatively little over the last 30 or 40 years. This applies, in particular, to the calculations usually carried out to establish the grouted embedment lengths required for deep, post-tensioned anchors. These calculations usually make simplified assumptions about the distribution and values of rock-grout interface shear strengths, the shape of the volume of rock likely to be involved in uplift failure under the influence of a system of post-tensioned anchors, and the mechanism of that failure. The resulting designs are generally conservative. It is concluded that these aspects of the rock engineering design of large, post- tensioned rock anchors for dams can be significantly improved by making greater use of modern, comprehensive, numerical analyses in conjunction with three-dimensional （3D） models of the rock mass structure, realistic rock and rock mass properties, and the results of prototype anchor tests in the rock mass concerned.

Approach to Determine Corrosion Propensity in Post-Tensioned Tendons with Deficient Grout

After corrosion failure of post-tensioned tendons was identified in a Florida bridge in early 2011, laboratory tests were conducted in this study on extracted sections from the failed tendons to identify the grout properties and makeup leading to the failure and also to elucidate the mechanism of corrosion. The initial steps in identification of PT tendons with a high propensity for corrosion initiation or damaged included a detailed visual inspection and identification of voids in the grout. Voids in tendon can be a result of bleed water formation or construction problems. General characteristics of the deficient grout and corrosion behavior of steel in the affected bridge gave a first approach to assessing grout deficiency and corrosion susceptibility. However, refinements in the understanding of the mechanisms causing grout segregation and the elucidation of the role of sulfates, oxygen content, and pore water pH in corrosion development are required.

预应力耗能钢框架抗连续倒塌机制研究

针对预应力耗能(PTED)钢框架结构的连续倒塌问题,采用ABAQUS软件建立精细化有限元模型,对框架结构拆除承重构件后不平衡荷载重分配的行为展开研究。并将有限元结果与1/3缩尺PTED钢框架的准静态试验结果进行对比分析,验证了模型的准确性。在此基础上,进一步开展了PTED钢框架抗连续倒塌受力机制的研究,并分析了初始预应力、预应力钢绞线数量、钢构件材料强度和梁翼缘宽厚比四种因素对钢框架抗连续倒塌机制的影响。结果表明:PTED钢框架抗连续倒塌过程主要包括三个阶段:初始阶段、压拱机制有利阶段和压拱机制不利阶段;倒塌抗力由预应力钢绞线拉力和梁柱之间的竖向作用力共同提供;提高初始预应力、预应力钢绞线数量、钢材屈服强度和降低梁翼缘宽厚比,均会使峰值荷载增大;钢绞线数量的增多使框架在失效柱位移较小时可以提供较大的抗力;增强梁柱构件抵抗局部屈曲变形的能力会提升预应力钢框架抗连续倒塌能力。

基于20辊轧机冷轧带材的后张力机制研究

重点讨论了张力机制在20辊轧机生产工艺中的作用,适宜的张力可以有效控制产品尺寸和形状,影响轧制力的大小,提升产品的表面质量和机械性能;稳定的张力调节可以减少表面缺陷和不均匀性,并影响轧制速度和冷轧温度的控制。在实验中通过改变后张力预设值,发现后张力的调节可以对工艺参数产生显著影响,进一步实现产品质量和生产效率优化。使用三位形貌轮廓仪对成品带材进行了表面粗糙度检测,发现调整后张力预设值对带材表面粗糙度有较大的影响。

组合梁桥负弯矩区后张预制板抗裂技术研究

对于跨径小于50 m的桥梁,使用强配筋能很好地满足抗裂性能要求,但对于更大跨径的组合梁桥负弯矩抗裂,单独采用强配筋的方式已不能很好地满足桥梁抗裂需求。为了提高50~80 m连续组合梁桥负弯矩区桥面板抗裂性能,实现负弯矩区桥面板装配建造,提出一种适用不同抗裂能力的模数式预应力预制板。首先,设计了适合负弯矩区快速施工的3类预制板,其中A类板为中间位置普通预制板,B类板为带齿块的锚固板,C类板为端部锚固板,根据实际受力情况采用这3类预制板数量及长度组合以满足抗裂需要。其次,结合设计规范与数值模拟,验算使用这种抗裂技术时桥梁结构的内力、应力、挠度以及抗裂性能,验证其可行性。最后,进一步扩展到中跨径50~80 m、1.5~1.7边中跨比的组合梁桥,分别采用MIDAS进行结构抗裂验算与适用性分析。结果表明:采用后张预应力预制板抗裂技术可实现预制板翼缘应力在长短期组合下不出现拉应力,满足规范A类构件抗裂要求;养护龄期6个月的预制块在降低徐变作用方面效果明显,降幅均在48%左右,可满足50~80 m主跨跨径组合梁桥桥面板抗裂与钢箱梁强度控制规范要求;采用负弯矩预制板后,相较于规范计算结果,负弯矩长度范围略降低,仍可采用规范中偏安全的计算。

不同气候条件下预应力木梁柱节点长期转角计算方法

梁柱节点长期转角是评估预应力木框架结构长期适用性能的重要指标,过量的梁柱节点长期转角会引起木梁竖向变形的增大,降低结构适用性;因此准确预测预应力木梁柱节点转角的时变规律是保证预应力木结构长期安全服役的重要前提。该文提出了不同气候条件下预应力木梁柱节点长期转角的数值计算方法,该方法包括木材水分传输、时变预应力计算、弹性转角计算、蠕变和环境变形计算、节点长期转角更新五个模块。随后利用长期试验数据验证了计算方法的准确性。最后,基于验证的数值计算方法分析了不同气候条件、木材初始含水率和构件尺寸对预应力木梁柱节点长期转角的影响规律,依据50年服役期内的最大转角蠕变系数评估了节点长期变形的性能等级。结果表明:该文所提出的数值计算方法与试验结果吻合良好;气候年平均相对湿度越大,节点发生中等或严重变形的比例越高;木材初始含水率越高,节点发生中等或严重变形的比例越低;构件理论尺寸越大,节点长期变形越小。

主动激励声波在后张法混凝土传播机理可视化及影响研究

当激振器作为主动激励信号时,不同的激励频率和激励幅值的声波在后张法混凝土结构内的传播机理及影响因素对实际工程提供主动激励信号波形参数选取及声发射传感器布置方式具有重要意义。该文利用COMSOL数值模拟方法可视化了激振器激励声波在后张法混凝土梁内的传播机理,提出了激振器主动激励信号波形参数确定的方法。结果表明:数值模拟方法可视化了激振器激励声波在后张法混凝土结构内的传播路径;构建了不同激励频率和激励幅值声波在后张法混凝土结构内衰减模型,可作为稳定的主动激励信号波形参数选取和声发射传感器布置方式的理论基础,当激励幅值相同,激励频率为10 kHz时,激励声波在后张法混凝土结构内衰减系数最小,实际工程中为保证信噪比,较大的激励幅值更有优势。

采用后张预制板技术的组合梁负弯矩段长期抗裂性能研究

组合梁负弯矩区在受拉的不利作用下容易出现混凝土开裂、挠度过大等病害,混凝土长期收缩徐变作用会进一步加重这些病害,严重影响组合梁桥的受力性能。该文提出一种后张预制板抗裂技术,在考虑收缩徐变作用的情况下,基于依托案例进行有限元数值模拟分析,验证该技术的有效性。为考虑收缩徐变作用,该文基于AAEM法的收缩徐变计算原理,编写了适用于ABAQUS显/隐式的时变效应程序,并基于组合梁长期试验验证时变效应程序及有限元建模方法的可行性。研究结果表明:基于AAEM法编写的收缩徐变预测模型及有限元建模方法有较好的适用性,与试验结果较为吻合,误差较小;后张预制板抗裂技术有效降低了因收缩徐变引起的挠度增加、预应力损失,提高了桥梁受力性能。该文可为组合梁负弯矩区开裂问题提供技术参考,也为有限元模拟考虑收缩徐变效应提供一定理论基础。

高速公路后张法预应力混凝土桥梁施工技术与应用

后张法预应力混凝土桥梁施工技术可以为桥梁建设提供有力支持,合理应用该技术,能够提高桥梁的耐久性和承载力,更好地规避裂纹等病害,进而延长桥梁的使用寿命,为我国交通事业的发展作出更大贡献。该文重点阐述后张法预应力科技在路桥施工中的几个关键环节,并重点介绍在高速公路路桥施工中预应力后张法科技的重要施工方法,并给出相应的常见的措施,可供参考。

桥梁工程后张法预应力梁板施工质量控制研究

随着我国公路和桥梁工程的快速发展,后张法预应力梁板施工技术在桥梁工程中得到广泛应用。在此情况下,为确保桥梁工程的安全、耐久和美观,提高施工质量成为关键。该文通过对桥梁工程后张法预应力梁板施工质量控制的研究,以实际工程为例,分析预应力梁板施工每一环节的技术要点,提出相应的质量控制措施,以供专业人士参考。

自复位混凝土剪力墙研究进展

自复位剪力墙在遭受地震时能够实现大位移而不会有明显的残余变形或大量损伤,适用于地震后的快速恢复结构。为研究自复位混凝土剪力墙的发展趋势,文中介绍了国内外自复位混凝土剪力墙结构的相关研究进展,对相关研究进行展望和总结,表明在自复位混凝土剪力墙中加入耗能部件或选择合适的配筋方式,可以改善墙体的力学性能并控制损伤。

高速公路桥梁工程后张法预应力砼箱梁施工技术研究

文中将后张法预应力砼箱梁施工技术应用于高速公路桥梁建设项目中,设置预应力孔道及锚垫板,以便于进一步的箱梁模板安装施工;在箱梁的混凝土强度达到设计强度的90%后,进行箱梁砼钢绞线穿束;确定施工流程,根据工程概况,对箱梁进行静荷载测试。结果显示,测试点在静荷载下达到的累计沉降量均在10 mm以内,说明箱梁抗压能力较强,施工质量较好,满足设计要求。

后张法预应力框架与钢次梁组合装配式物流库结构设计要点

提出了一种后张法预应力框架与钢次梁组合装配式物流库结构体系,并基于河北廊坊某物流园项目,介绍了该体系的结构布置,阐述了梁柱节点、预应力张拉节点、主次梁节点、组合钢次梁节点的设计要点,提供了一整套技术解决方案。对比该体系与现浇混凝土框架结构的工期与造价得到,相对于现浇混凝土框架结构,该体系能够减少工期并降低造价。

装配式预应力混凝土框架梁柱压接接缝抗剪性能试验与承载力计算方法研究

梁柱压接接缝抗剪性能对保证装配式预应力混凝土框架整体性能至关重要,为研究预压应力作用和梁端弯矩作用对其抗剪性能和承载力的影响,进行了11个预应力压接接缝试件和3个预应力压接接缝受弯矩作用试件的抗剪性能试验。试验结果表明:预加力能显著地增加接缝的抗剪承载能力,截面预应力分布对承载力有明显影响;预压应力均匀分布时,其极限剪应力和残余剪应力与均匀压应力之间均呈线性正相关关系;预压应力偏心分布时,预加力偏心距越大,其极限承载力较相同均匀预加力接缝降低越显著;接缝受梁端弯矩作用时,弯矩使接缝截面压力增加,接缝截面开裂前,压力合力偏心距减小,进而提高接缝的抗剪承载力;但接缝截面开裂后,压力合力偏心距增加,其抗剪承载力出现降低,接缝截面处于受弯极限状态时,抗剪承载力降至最低。提出了梁柱压接接缝考虑预应力作用和梁端弯矩作用的抗剪承载力计算方法。

冻融循环作用下预应力混凝土构件疲劳特性研究

为研究受冻融侵蚀时预应力混凝土构件疲劳特性,开展冻融循环及相同养护时间下常温室内对照试验,根据试验结果和理论计算评估冻融循环引起的预应力损失,该值为冻融室内试件预应力损失(总预应力损失)与常温室内试件预应力损失(收缩、徐变等其他因素引起的预应力损失)之差。研究结果表明,对于相同的混凝土配合比,截面较小且无偏心的试件总预应力损失大于截面较大且偏心的试件;水灰比较高的试件总预应力损失和冻融循环引起的预应力损失均较大;早期阶段冻融循环对试件预应力损失的影响较小;偏心距越大,冻融循环引起的预应力损失越大;混凝土强度越高,冻融循环引起的预应力损失较小,可承受更多次数的冻融循环。

自复位预制节段桥墩抗震性能试验研究

为提高装配式预制桥墩的抗震性能以及解决震后可修复的问题,本文基于后张无黏结预应力筋的连接技术,提出了一种新型自复位预制节段桥墩(self-centering precast segmental bridge pier,SPSBP)。该新型自复位预制节段桥墩由预制构件(盖梁、节段、基础)、可更换耗能角钢和连接钢板组成。本文设计并完成了三组SPSBP试件的拟静力试验,研究初始预应力、耗能角钢厚度以及长度三个参数对SPSBP试件抗震性能的影响。试验结果表明:该新型结构形式具有较好的自复位以及耗能能力;当加载到最大位移比时,试件变形主要集中于耗能角钢,主体预制结构并未发生明显破坏,表明了结构的完整性;提高初始预应力能有效提高结构的承载力等抗震性能并减小残余变形;增加耗能角钢厚度,可以提高SPSBP耗能能力以及承载力;耗能角钢长度对SPSBP性能影响不明显。