Correlation Study of Neurotransmitter and Immune Levels in Pre-Hospital Emergency Nurses with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Objective: To investigate the occurrence of PTSD in pre-hospital emergency nurses and its related factors, and to compare the differences of neurotransmitter and immune-related factors between pre-hospital emergency nurses who experienced traumatic events and those who did not develop PTSD and healthy people. How: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Self-Rating Scale (PCL-C) tests were performed on pre-hospital emergency nurses in PTSD group, non-PTSD group and healthy control group, and the plasma monoamine neurotransmitters and serum cytokines were determined by double-antibody sandwich ABC-ELISA assay using enzyme-linked adsorption kit provided by Shanghai Xitang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Results: 1) There were statistically significant differences in PCL-C scores between PTSD group, non-PTSD group and healthy group (p α between PTSD group, non-PTSD group and healthy group (p Conclusion: Pre-hospital emergency nurses should have early psychological intervention and guidance to reduce the occurrence of PTSD in emergency and emergency nurses.

What Is the Difference between Post- and Pre-Dilution in On-Line Haemodiafiltration in the Removing of Median-Molecular-Weight Toxins?

Introduction: β2-microglobulin and prolactin are medium-molecular-weight toxins. We believe that the rate of removal of these molecules, using filters with two different surfaces, in post- and pre-dilution haemodiafiltration, will be of interest to the literature. Methods: We studied, in 12 haemodialyzed patients, the removal of those, with filter with surface of 2.5 m2 (Group A) or 2.1 m2 (Group B) with post-dilution haemodiafiltration, and with a filter with surface 2.5 m2 with pre-dilution (Group C). Results: Satisfactory removal of β2-microglobulin (best with post-dilution) was found, and a good rate of removal of prolactin without the filter surface played a role in both cases. Conclusion: The elimination of β2-microglobulin in post-dilution is not affected by the filter surface area. Pre-dilution achieves removal of β2-microglobulin, less than that of post-dilution. Prolactin was removed satisfactorily regardless of the filter surface in post-dilution, and its removal appears to be less than that of β2-microglobulin.

一种应用于MRC pre／post-rake的抗抽头串扰算法

新兴的Pre／post-rake技术和传统rake接收机技术相比,在提高了输出信噪比的同时,也引入了更强的抽头串扰,并且该串扰在普遍的情况下将严重制约pre／post-rake的性能。为了有效地消除抽头串扰对接收性能的影响,文中提出了应用于pre／post-rake技术的抗抽头串扰算法,将该算法和MRC pre／post-rake技术相结合,通过理论计算和通过MATLAB仿真。在不影响其它性能的同时,使MRC pre／post-rake获得了更好的抗抽头串扰能力,从而提高了pre／post-rake的接收性能。

Weed Control with Halosulfuron Applied Preplant Incorporated, Preemergence or Postemergence in White Bean

Four field trials were conducted over a three-year period (2011-2013) at various locations in Ontario to evaluate the level of weed control provided by halosulfuron applied PPI,PREor POST at 17.5, 35 and 70 g&middotai&middotha-1 in white bean. Halosulfuron applied PPI or PRE at 17.5, 35 and 35 g&middotai&middotha-1 caused 2% or less visible injury 1 and 4 WAA in white bean. However, halosulfuron applied POST at 17.5, 35 and 70 g&middotai&middotha-1 caused 2% - 8% and 1% - 3% white bean injury at 1 and 4 WAA, respectively. There was no decrease in white bean seed yield relative to the weed free check due to weed interference with halosulfuron applied PPI or PRE at doses evaluated, except when applied PRE at 17.5 g&middotai&middotha-1 which resulted in a decrease in seed yield of 25%. Weed interference caused a decrease in white bean yield of 47%, 42% and 44%, when halosulfuron was applied POST at 17.5, 35 and 70 g&middotai&middotha-1, respectively. Halosulfuron applied PPI, PRE and POST controlled AMARE 92% - 100%, 85% - 99% and 47% - 75%;CHEAL 95% - 100%, 83% - 99% and 36% - 51%;and SINAR 97% - 100%, 99% - 100% and 100%, respectively. Halosulfuron applied PPI and PRE reduced AMARE density 93% - 97% and 75% - 95%;CHEAL density 89% - 98% and 81% - 93%;and SINAR density 99% - 100% and 99% - 100%, respectively. Halosulfuron applied PPI and PRE reduced dry weight of AMARE 96% - 98% and 86% - 96%;CHEAL 96% - 98% and 87% - 93%;and SINAR 100% and 100%, respectively. Halosulfuron applied POST at rates evaluated reduced SINAR density and dry weight 100% but caused no significant reduction in AMARE and CHEAL density or dry weight compared to the weedy check. Based on these results, halosulfuron applied PPI orPREat 35 g&middotai&middotha-1 can be used safely for the control of selected broadleaf weeds in white bean production.

Comparison of pre-treatment and post-treatment use of selenium in retinal ischemia reperfusion injury

AIM: To investigate the effects of selenium in rat retinal ischemia reperfusion(IR) model and compare pretreatment and post-treatment use.METHODS: Selenium pre-treatment group(n =8) was treated with intraperitoneal(i.p.) selenium 0.5 mg/kg for7 d and terminated 24 h after the IR injury. Selenium posttreatment group( n = 8) was treated with i. p. selenium0.5 mg/kg for 7d after the IR injury with termination at the end of the 7d period. Sham group(n =8) received i.p.saline injections identical to the selenium volume for 7d with termination 24 h after the IR injury. Control group(n =8) received no intervention. Main outcome measures were retina superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione(GSH),total antioxidant status(TAS), malondialdehyde(MDA),DNA fragmentation levels, and immunohistological apoptosis evaluation.RESULTS: Compared to the Sham group, selenium pre-treatment had a statistical difference in all parameters except SOD. Post-treatment selenium also resulted in statistical differences in all parameters except the MDA levels. When comparing selenium groups, the pre-treatment selenium group had a statistically higher success in reduction of markers of cell damage such as MDA and DNA fragmentation. In contrast, the post-selenium treatment group had resulted in statisticallyhigher levels of GSH. Histologically both selenium groups succeeded to limit retinal thickening and apoptosis. Pre-treatment use was statistically more successful in decreasing apoptosis in ganglion cell layer compared to post-treatment use.CONCLUSION: Selenium was successful in retinal protection in IR injuries. Pre-treatment efficacy was superior in terms of prevention of tissue damage and apoptosis.

Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Giant Ragweed (<i>Ambrosia trifida</i>L.) with 2,4-D Followed by Pre-Emergence or Post-Emergence Herbicides in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>L.)

Control of glyphosate-resistant giant ragweed is a challenge, particularly for soybean growers, because of limited effective post-emergence (POST) herbicide options. Many soybean growers in no-till production systems use 2,4-D in burndown application for control of broadleaf weeds, including giant ragweed. Field experiments were conducted at David City, NE, in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate 2,4-D followed by PRE or POST herbicide programs for control of glyphosate-resistant giant ragweed in glyphosate-resistant soybean. Results suggested that burndown application of 2,4-D or saflufenacil plus imazethapyr resulted in 89 to 99% control of giant ragweed at 21 days after treatment. Burndown-only treatments of S-metolachlor plus metribuzin or sulfentrazone plus cloransulam resulted in poor control (≤65%) of giant ragweed and reduced soybean yield (≤ 577 kg&middotha-1). Burndown application of 2,4-D followed by saflufenacil plus imazethapyr, S-metolachlor plus metribuzin, or sulfentrazone plus cloransulam applied pre-emergence (PRE) or cloransulam, chlorimuron, fomesafen, imazethapyr, or lactofen in tank-mixtures with acetochlor applied POST resulted in 87% to 99% giant ragweed control, reduced density to ≤7 plants m-2, and resulted in soybean yield from 2519 to 3823 kg&middotha-1. There was no difference among and between 2,4-D followed by PRE or POST herbicides for giant ragweed control, density, or soybean yield, indicating all the two pass herbicide programs were effective. It is concluded that glyphosate-resistant giant ragweed can be effectively controlled in soybean by including 2,4-D in burndown program followed by PRE or POST herbicides tested in this study.

Pre/Post Assessments Analysis in Training Electro-Technical Seafarers Experts

In maritime industry, personnel’s training is considered by shipping companies as a top priority matter on the list of factors affecting competitiveness in operating vessels. This paper presents the importance and the effects of training Electro-Technical Experts in the context of latest developments, particularly the advent of the “Electric Ship” and the “Communicative Ship” analyzing the feedback received from several relevant two-days seminars for “Ship Electrical and Electronic Systems for Electro-Technical Officers”, in North East European countries. The pre-test and post-test self assessment method that has been used for more efficient interaction between trainers and trainees is analyzed using t-statistics. The attendees have had diverse basic backgrounds, yet company experts Fleet Engineers on merchant or war ships. The training’s effectiveness and gain is discussed in this paper and further proposals for the Electrical and Electronic training are presented through the valuable feedback for improvement.

Pre-and post-selected measurements with coupling-strength-dependent modulation

Pre-and post-selected(PPS) measurement, especially the weak PPS measurement, has been proved to be a useful tool for measuring extremely tiny physical parameters. However, it is difficult to retain both the attainable highest measurement sensitivity and precision with the increase of the parameter to be measured. Here, a modulated PPS measurement scheme based on coupling-strength-dependent modulation is presented with the highest sensitivity and precision retained for an arbitrary coupling strength. This idea is demonstrated by comparing the modulated PPS measurement scheme with the standard PPS measurement scheme in the case of unbalanced input meter. By using the Fisher information metric, we derive the optimal pre-and post-selected states, as well as the optimal coupling-strength-dependent modulation without any restriction on the coupling strength. We also give the specific strategy of performing the modulated PPS measurement scheme, which may promote practical application of this scheme in precision metrology.

Effects of Fillerwire Composition along with Different Pre- and Post-Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of AISI 4130 Welded by the GTAW Process

This research intends to find out the optimal mechanical properties of AISI 4130 steel welded by the GTAW process. Six test plates were joined by two types of filler wire with similar chemical composition to the base metal, and with lower carbon content and slightly higher alloy elements content compared to the first one. Test plates then exerted three different pre-heat and post-heat treatments on both groups. The three types of heat treatments were alternatively without pre-heat and post-heat, with pre-heat only, and finally with pre-heat and post-heat. Tensile, side bends and impact tests (for weld zone and HAZ) have been conducted. Results show that using low-carbon filler wire along with pre- and post-heat resulted in outstanding mechanical properties.

大庆SN油田东部过渡带油水边界综合确定

为确定大庆SN油田东部过渡带油水界面,综合钻井、测井、地震资料,结合岩心含油产状分析和老井油水层二次解释,基于双相介质理论的叠后属性油气检测以及基于叠前地震波形指示反演的流体识别等技术,探讨构造油气藏外扩区油水边界的综合确定方法。研究区油水边界具有以下特征:岩心含油产状为油斑以上;测井解释外推为油层或油水同层;叠后属性低高频能量比大于0.85;叠前反演预测含水饱和度小于75%。因此,以“井点定深度、地震定边界、动态来验证”为原则,从“点—线—面—空”,经过综合分析,确定最终油水边界位置。研究成果有效指导了研究区外扩评价部署,对同类型构造油田油水边界研究具有参考意义。

结直肠癌患者外周血及肿瘤组织中PD-1/PD-L1及相关免疫细胞水平变化特点及临床意义

目的 检测结直肠癌患者外周血及肿瘤组织内程序性死亡分子-1(PD-1)/PD-1配体(PD-L1)、相关免疫细胞表达水平,并分析其临床表达意义。方法 将80例行结直肠癌根治术患者纳为癌变组,同期80例健康体检合格者纳为对照组,采集2组外周静脉血,检测PD-1、PD-L1、CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(CD4+CD25+Tregs)标志物叉状头/翅膀状螺旋转录因子(Foxp3)表达水平,术中收集结直肠癌患者癌灶及癌旁组织,免疫组化法检测癌灶及癌旁组织内PD-1、PD-L1及Foxp3蛋白表达水平。结果 癌变组患者外周血PD-1、PD-L1及Foxp3水平均高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。癌变组患者术后外周血PD-1、PD-L1及Foxp3水平均较其术前下降,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结直肠癌组织中PD-1、PD-L1及Foxp3阳性表达率均高于癌旁组织,差异均存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。癌灶组织内PD-1阳性表达与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移及pTNM分期具有相关性(P<0.05);癌灶组织内PD-L1阳性表达与肿瘤部位、浸润深度具有相关性(P<0.05);Foxp3 Treg阳性表达与肿瘤分化程度、浸润深度及淋巴结转移具有相关性(P<0.05)。结论 PD-1、PD-L1及Treg细胞均与结直肠癌肿瘤免疫微环境相关,与结直肠癌发生及发展间均存在联系,三者联合检测可用于评估结直肠癌免疫检查点抑制剂的治疗新指标。

量化积分绩效分配模式在消毒供应中心工勤人员中的应用研究

目的探讨量化积分在消毒供应中心工勤人员绩效分配中的应用效果,为消毒供应中心提供一种有效的绩效分配方法。方法采用前-后对照研究方法,选取2020年1月至12月本院消毒供应中心绩效分配模式为对照组,选取2021年1月至12月本院消毒供应中心绩效分配模式为试验组。对照组采用按工勤人员工龄绩效分配模式,试验组采用量化积分绩效分配模式,即从技术层级、工作质量、工作效率、工作量方面实施量化绩效分配模式。比较改进前后两组工勤人员工作效率、工作质量缺陷发生率(包装器械缺失、器械种类错误、包装标识错误、收送物品错误、信息系统操作错误)、临床科室满意度情况。结果实施量化积分绩效分配模式后,试验组工勤人员工作效率和临床科室满意度均高于对照组,工作缺陷发生率低于对照组,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论量化积分绩效分配模式在消毒供应中心工勤人员中的应用,能够提高工勤人员的工作能动性,提高工作效率和工作质量。

幼儿教师职前职后教育一体化模式实践路径研究

随着终身教育思想的深入,教师教育一体化已成为教育领域的发展趋势。近年来,我国幼儿教育工作取得了长足进步,但在教师教育方面仍存在一些问题,教师职前职后教育一体化模式既是终身教育对教师专业发展的时代诉求,也是教师教育改革背景下的一种必然。文章探究了幼儿教师职前职后教育一体化的内涵,在总结存在问题基础上,就如何更好开展此项工作提出若干可行性建议。

教师科学素养的内涵特征、构成要素与发展路径

教师科学素养是响应新一轮科技革命和产业变革、培养科技创新人才和提升全民科学素养的关键因素。从教师工作特性来看,教师科学素养包含动和静的两个层面:静的层面是指教师应具备基本科学知识、科学精神和态度;动的层面是指教师应掌握培育学生科学素养的方法,具备帮助学生形成科学素养的能力。教师科学素养具有育人性、动态性、系统性特征。通过理解分析教师科学素养的内涵和特征,借助专家咨询法对教师科学素养构成要素的框架模型进行两次调整,从科学情意与科学精神、科学认知与科学教育能力、科学方法与技术三大维度构建教师科学素养结构框架。基于此,为促进教师科学素养发展、提升教师科学教育能力,相关政策应进一步细化,推进教师科学素养概念具象化;教师教育应优化教师培养举措,实现职前教师科学素养“内嵌”;教师培训应更新培训内容和形式,支持职后教师科学素养持续提升;多方联合提供科学文化支撑,协同营造促进教师科学素养发展环境。

危险预知训练在新入职护士患者安全文化岗前培训的应用

目的探讨危险预知训练在新入职护士患者安全文化岗前培训的应用效果。方法选取2023年7月新入职的92名护士作为研究对象,随机均分为对照组和实验组,各46人。对照组进行常规培训,实验组在此基础上增加基于危险预知训练的患者安全文化培训内容。培训后,比较两组医院患者安全文化调查问卷、不良事件报告障碍量表得分及理论考试、操作考核成绩。结果实验组医院患者安全文化调查问卷得分、理论考试成绩高于对照组,不良事件报告障碍量表得分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义。结论危险预知训练可以提高新入职护士医院患者安全文化水平、减少不良事件报告障碍,保证护理安全,为完善新入职护士培训体系提供科学依据,值得推广。

全国名中医尤昭玲基于“以胞宫为中心的五脏一体观”诊治绝经前后诸证

绝经前后诸证对应西医学围绝经期综合征,或多种因素致卵巢功能衰竭而出现围绝经期综合征临床表现的患者。全国名中医尤昭玲基于《黄帝内经》“五脏一体观”,提出“以胞宫为中心的五脏一体观”,认为“五脏失调”为绝经前后诸证的主要病机,以“调和五脏”为治则,创制经验方更年方。以胞宫为中心,顺应胞宫藏泻有序的特点,绝经前分经期、排卵前、排卵后辨证施以耳穴辅助治疗,绝经后顺应胞宫藏而不泻的生理特性,辅以耳穴静养阴阳。分年龄配合药膳养巢煲或养生安神煲,临证中收获佳效。

燃料电池金属双极板涂层综述

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)是一种新型的能源装置,双极板是其主要的部件之一。金属双极板在成本和力学性能方面都具有优势,因此逐渐占据市场主流,但是其易腐蚀的特点也影响了燃料电池的性能。从后镀金属双极板、预镀金属双极板和免镀金属双极板3种不同的工艺路线出发,系统总结了相关研究进展。对于不同工艺路线下的不同涂层,通过接触电阻、腐蚀电流和表面形貌等指标进行了评价。发现后镀金属双极板的性能好于预镀金属双极板和免镀金属双极板,但是其工艺路线最复杂,成本最高,而免镀金属双极板工艺最简单,但是其防腐导电性能不能满足DOE2025标准,预镀涂层介于两者之间,是一种过渡的工艺路线。最后,从涂层结构和元素掺杂角度对后镀涂层进行了展望,从涂层晶体结构和涂层材料选择角度对预镀涂层进行了展望,从箔材元素比例、预处理工艺角度对免镀金属双极板进行了展望。综述了燃料电池金属双极板防腐导电性的发展方向,对金属双极板朝着更低的成本和更好的性能方向发展有着重要意义。

针刺治疗心肌缺血再灌注损伤介入时机的研究探析

当前对于心肌缺血再灌注损伤(MIRI)的研究主要集中在电针预处理可以减轻再灌注损伤,但是急性心肌梗死往往发病急骤,不具备临床可预见性,除了重视预处理外,在发病中和发病后进行干预同样具备临床适用性。通过查阅针刺治疗心肌缺血再灌注损伤的文献,对不同的针刺介入时机进行探讨,将介入时机分为预处理和后处理,预处理对应前驱期即缺血前,后处理对应缺血后,分为再灌注前及再灌注后。旨在明确不同介入时机治疗心肌缺血再灌注损伤的有效性,为针刺治疗方案的选择提供依据。

磷酸肌酸钠联合处理用于腔镜下心内直视手术心肌保护的临床研究

目的探讨磷酸肌酸钠(CP)联合处理对腔镜下心内直视手术患者的心肌缺血再灌注(I/R)损伤的影响。方法选择2022年1月至2023年4月在佛山市第二人民医院和暨南大学附属华侨医院就诊并计划在体外循环下行腔镜二尖瓣置换术或整形术的患者36例,采用随机数字表法,将患者分为预处理组、后处理组和联合处理组,每组12例。预处理组男8例,女4例;年龄(58.33±12.35)岁;心功能分级:Ⅲ级8例,Ⅳ级4例。后处理组男5例,女7例;年龄(59.67±13.77)岁;心功能分级:Ⅲ级7例,Ⅳ级5例。联合处理组男7例,女5例;年龄(59.92±11.29)岁;心功能分级:Ⅲ级9例,Ⅳ级3例。患者在全身麻醉和体外循环下行腔镜二尖瓣整形术或置换术。预处理组:体外循环开始前静脉注射CP 2.0 g,停搏液中加入CP 2.0 g;后处理组:主动脉开放后5 min体外循环机内注入CP 2.0 g,体外循环停止前体外循环机内注入CP 2.0 g;联合处理组:体外循环开始前静脉注射CP 1.0 g,停搏液中加入CP 1.0 g,主动脉开放后5 min体外循环机内注入CP 1.0 g,体外循环停止前体外循环机内注入CP 1.0 g。比较3组患者体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、体外循环辅助时间、心脏自动复跳情况以及术后多巴胺和肾上腺素的使用情况;比较3组患者术前、术毕、术后1 d和术后2 d的血肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)以及脑利钠肽(BNP)水平。采用F检验、LSD检验、χ^(2)检验、Fisher确切概率法、秩和检验。结果联合处理组术后48 h肾上腺素的使用比例(1/12)少于预处理组(6/12)和后处理组(5/12),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合处理组术毕的CK-MB水平[(12.14±4.98)U/L]低于预处理组[(17.51±5.14)U/L],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合处理组术后1 d、术后2 d的CK-MB水平[(27.17±11.25)U/L、(17.10±8.27)U/L]均低于预处理组[(37.58±11.15)U/L、(26.46±8.98)U/L]和后处理组[(39.54±14.27)U/L、(24.28±7.07)U/L],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。联合处理组术毕的cTnI水平[(4.65±1.07)μg/L]低于预处理组[(5.86±0.99)μg/L],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合处理组术后1 d、术后2 d的cTnI水平[(6.54±0.86)μg/L、(6.24±1.10)μg/L]均低于预处理组[(8.02±1.04)μg/L、(7.22±1.07)μg/L]和后处理组[(9.01±0.87)μg/L、(7.45±1.08)μg/L],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。联合处理组术后1 d的BNP水平[(168.64±20.19)ng/L]低于预处理组[(185.65±25.13)ng/L],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合处理组术后2 d的BNP水平[(134.77±22.14)ng/L]均低于预处理组[(169.33±26.07)ng/L]和后处理组[(157.10±28.16)ng/L],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论与CP预处理或后处理比较,CP联合处理更能有效地减轻腔镜下心内直视手术心肌I/R损伤,改善心功能。

人类早期胚胎发育体外模型研究进展

人类早期胚胎发育阶段对于胎儿的健康出生至关重要。然而,由于伦理和技术的限制,人类早期胚胎发育的具体调控机制仍未完全解密。除了人类胚胎体外培养技术以外,以干细胞为基础模拟人类真实胚胎结构的体外模型被构建出来,被称为“类胚胎/胚胎模型”。通常人类胚胎模型可大致分为两类:非整合型和整合型胚胎模型。整合型胚胎模型通常包含胚内和胚外细胞类型并具有发育成完整胎儿的潜力,而非整合型胚胎模型则不包含任何相关的胚外组织。本文系统总结了人类体外非整合型和整合型胚胎模型的最新研究进展,探讨了有关国际干细胞研究的伦理政策,并简要阐述了人类胚胎模型潜在的应用前景和未来机遇。以期为研究人类早期胚胎发育过程中不同细胞谱系的特化轨迹,以及早期胚胎发育缺陷等重大疾病的临床药物筛选和再生医学提供新的研究思路。