Chinese Scientists in Dubna(1956–1965)

The work of Chinese scientists conducted at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research(JINR)(1956–1965)was inextricably linked to the Sino-Soviet relations in the 1950 s–1960 s.During the early stage of the JINR,with the aid of advanced equipment and the international cooperation mechanism,Chinese scientists yielded significant results,such as the discovery of the antisigma-minus hyperon and the proof of the law of partial conservation of axial current(PCAC).After the Sino-Soviet split,Chinese scientists’activities at the institute were hampered by political tensions,eventually resulting in China’s withdrawal from the JINR in 1965.But through the involvement at the JINR,Chinese scientists were trained in scientific practices and participated in international exchange and cooperation which turned them into a new force in China’s nuclear industry,boosting its nuclear weapons,particle physics theory,and accelerator technology.In the meantime,the scientists’activities extended the international influence of the JINR.The withdrawal of China from the institute impacted both the JINR and the development of science in China.

Reflections on Tools and Methods for Differentiated Assessments of Individual Scientists, Groups of Scientists and Scientific Journals

Requirements for research assessments There are huge differences in mission, emphasis, inherent capability, and targeted utilization of research among scientific institutions. Hence, when it comes to assessments, a one-size-fits-all approach cannot meet the goal(s) of these assessments. Probably even larger differences exist between individuals, research teams and departments.

Physical scientists research biomedicine: a call for caution

It is noticeable that nowadays there are more and more scientists with physical science or engineering background working on or started to work on biomedical projects, but rarely vice versa. This reflects the multi-discipline nature of some projects, however, also at least partially can be explained that biomedical research is seen as trendy, fundable, and likely to get more citations and with results more publishable in high impact journals （1,2）. It is also apparent with some publications and lectures that not all these physical scientists/engineers are well-prepared to work on projects which do not align with their own expertise. Some studies are against very basic principles of pharmacology or biology, while others try to solve medical problems which do not exist clinically. I reviewed a number of submissions including a few from prestigious American universities to Nature journals which made no sense with the study design. Much of manpower and financial resource are being wasteful spent. There are also examples of clinical trials which were ill-planned right from the start and in the end only causing much inconvenience to patients to say at the least. In addition, ample examples exist where experienced physical scientists worked with inexperienced medical scientists and resulted in avoidable failures.

Establishment of an index system for evaluating outstanding biomedical scientists for science foundation of Shanghai

Objective:To establish a scientific,objective and applicable index system for evaluating out- standing biomedical scientists for science foundation of Shanghai.Methods:According to the principal in- dices that have been used in the developed countries for evaluating their talented personnel and the reality of our country,an index system was set up to evaluate the outstanding biomedical scientists for Shanghai science foundation.The following parameters were used to simplify the indices.,correlation coefficient, multiple correlation coefficient,partial correlation coefficient,creditability,and discriminatory power. And analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the weights of each index.Results and Conclusions: The established index system is scientific and applicable;it is helpful for cultivating and evaluating out- standing biomedical scientists.

Chinese Scientists Have Obtained Great Achievements in Comprehensive Research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The China Geological Survey carried out 1：250000 regional geological surveys of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1999 to 2005. With a total investment of 300 million yuan, more than 1000 geologists were involved annually to conduct mapping at a grid of one line to every four km along the Kunlun Mts-Altyn Shan-Tanggula Shah, Kokoxili-Qiangtang, Gangdese, Yalun Zangbu River, and finally to the Himalayan ranges. The extensive mapping culminated in a total of 112 maps covering an area of 152 square kilometers. Based on this success, the China Geological Survey launched another program, the ＂Integration and Comprehensive Study of Basic Geological Survey Result（s） in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau＂. The program lasted from 2006 to 2010 and has yielded copious research results, making big strides in upgrading our understanding of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The achievements are manifold. Around 100 maps have been drafted, including the 1：1500000 geological map, tectonic, tectono-magmatic, metamorphic rocks, Precambrian geology, lithofacies palaeogeography, Cenozoic geology, geophysical-geochemical maps and others.

Knowledge of Covid-19 among Medical Scientists in Nigeria

Background: The impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic have created a need for constant improvement in the effectiveness and efficiency of laboratory diagnosis to contain the spread, aid the treatment and management of positive cases. Inadequate knowledge of COVD-19 and its laboratory diagnosis among medical scientists is detrimental to the reliability of laboratory results, which are critical in the control, and management of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purposes of this study are to determine the knowledge of COVD-19 and to assess the knowledge of laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 among medical scientists. Methodology: An internet-broadcasted and validated questionnaire was used to obtain data from 131 medical scientists in Nigeria. The generated data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25. Results: More than half of respondents had good general knowledge and causes (52%), mode of transmission (52.7%), and symptoms (54.2%) of COVID-19. However, only a few (<40%) knew the hallmark of laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 and Coronavirus detection steps in the right order (45%). Surprisingly, age (F-ratio = 2.729 p = 0.032), gender (χ2 = 4.173;p = 0.041) and level at work (F-ratio = 3.552, p = 0.016) have significant effects on the knowledge of COVID-19 and knowledge of laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 among the study participants. Conclusion: There is a need for improvement in the knowledge of COVID-19 diagnosis through relevant work level (work experience) and gender-based training as well as continuous professional development programs for medical scientists in Nigeria.

Building a Communication and Cooperation Platform for Chinese Scientists

CHEN Haoyong made the decision to devote himself to the development of electrical power science while he was majoring in electrical engineering at the Xi’an Jiaotong University in the early 1990s.In 1994,his professor introduced him to Wang Xifan,a famous scholar in the field of power systems who had just returned from Japan and who was also an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Over the following 12 years,Chen studied and worked under the BY ZHANG LI Building a Communication and Cooperation Platform for Chinese Scientists guidance and supervision of Wang.

An Example of the Scientists—Congratulate Professor SHI Changxu on His Seventyth Birthday

November 15 is the seventyth anniver-sary of Prof.SHI Changxu(C.H.Shih),honorary director of the Institute of MetalResearch,Academia Sinica.As a memberof Chinese Academy of Sciences and direc-tor of the First Division of Technical Sci-ence,Academia Sinica,vice president ofthe National Natural Science Foundation ofChina,and editor-in-chief of ActaMetallurgica Sinica,Prof.Shi is learnedand distinguished in his study,and showsenergy and initiative in his work.And he isextremely loyal and devoted to his countryand his people,so that he commands ourdeep respect and sets an example to the

To Be Scientistic or to Advocate Scientism:That Is the Question

How is the significance of the doctrine Scientism to be understood?To answer that question,it will be necessary to distinguish three stances towards scientific activity.This can be done by developing distinctions already delineated between Relativistic,Methodological and Dogmatic Scientism.In the present paper,the first two senses are best characterized as the scientistic:Scientistic Relativism and Scientistic Methodologism.Dogmatic Scientism arises in two forms:a Janus-faced Scientism and an Essentialist form.The former can be understood as advocating a public tolerance of behaviourism in relation to other people’s responses,cast as spatio-temporal events whilst adopting,at the same time,a private existentialism so that one’s own first person evaluations remain valid.An Essentialist form sustains a predictive and normative stance where any human action or communication is cast as“a natural object of investigation of the empirical sciences”.After distinguishing these four ways of interpreting scientific activity,Ladyman and Ross’s own contribution to this debate can be elucidated through examining five theses carried by their text Every Thing Must Go,and ideas forwarded subsequently in Ladyman’s article“Scientism with a Humane Face”:(1)the attack upon conceptual analysis;(2)the defence of metaphysics;(3)the advocacy of scale relative ontology;(4)the rehabilitation of Peirce’s philosophy;and(5)the rejection of a traditional conception of materialism.It may then become possible to ascertain how far their approach to scientific activity can be identified with either a Scientific Methodologism or some form of Scientism itself.

青年临床科学家胜任特征模型研究

目的:探索构建医院青年临床科学家胜任特征模型和评价指标体系。方法:采用文献分析法收集胜任资质作为行为事件访谈的预备资料,采用行为事件访谈法、问卷调查法构建临床科学家的胜任特征模型,采用探索性因子分析对胜任特征模型进行维度划分,采用主成分分析对模型的权重进行计算。结果:本研究构建了包含自我意识、抗压求进、坚持共赢3个维度、34项胜任资质的胜任特征模型。结论:自我审视与评估、职业生涯规划意识、进取心是评价临床科学家胜任特征权重最高的3项资质。

Professor Jin Yuan in ZOC Won the “Grand Challenge 2015 Young Scientist” Award

Professor Yuan Jin from Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center(ZOC) affiliated with Sun Yat-sen University has recently won the "Grand Challenge 2015 Young Scientist" award in "2015 Innovation Challenge Annual Meeting" held in Beijing. The meeting is organized by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People Republic of China(MOST), the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in the United States and the US Agency for International Development. The journal Eye Science(ES) is the official publication of ZOC, sponsored by Sun Yat-sen University.

Award Set for Future Scientists

Thirteen-year-old Zhou Licheng is a pupil at the Beijing Xicheng Experimental School, and recently won second prize in the "Future Scientist Award" for his invention - a device that prevents smoke from coming down the flue. He won a 10,000-yuan cash prize, and his school was also awarded 40,000 yuan. The "Future Scientist Award" was set up through the joint efforts of the Ministry of Education, the China Association for Science and Technology, and the Hong Kong H. S. Chau Foundation. Its aim is to

THE DEVELOPMENT OF YOUNG SCIENTISTS IN COMPETITION——CAS honours 41 prodigies upon its 1997 Awards for Young Scientists

The recipients of the 1997 CAS Awards for Young Scientists had their names publicized recently. They had been checked and recommended by their work units and subject to re-examination and approval by the Awards’ jury. As a result, a total of 41 prodigies received this special honor for

Fundamental Research on Enhancing Operation Reliability for Large-Scale Interconnected Power Grids——An interview with Zhou Xiaoxin, chief scientist of "973 Program"

At the end of last year, the editors from Power and Electrical Engineers interviewed Zhou Xiaoxin on "Fundamental Research on Enhancing Operation Reliability for Large-Scale Interconnected Power Grids", a project of "973 Program". Mr. Zhou, the chief engineer of China Electric Power Research Institute(CEPRI) and an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, is the chief scientist in charge of this research project.

Orchid named after Givaudan scientist

世界香料行业巨头奇华顿公司最近宣布,一种新兰花科植物被该公司的科学家研究发现,并以其发现者,世界著名的兰科植物研究专家罗曼.恺撒博士的名字命名为Coryanthes kaiseriana G.Gerlach.这种兰花仅由一种具有排他性的euglossine蜜蜂进行授粉,并且在授粉时不和其他具有浓烈香味的植物混合进行.蜜蜂和Coryanthes kaiseriana G.Gerlach兰花的关系是高度的精确:一种香味类型的Coryanthes kaiseriana G.Gerlach兰花只吸引一种或几种euglossine蜜蜂(euglossine蜜蜂共有180种).……

Chinese Scientists "Photographed" Molecular Picture with Chemical Bond Resolution

A flagship research project ofthe country during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period (1996-2000), thestudy was conducted under the ae-gis of CAS with financial supportfrom MOST. Remarkable academicprogress has been achieved over thepast years, according to the panel.

Chinese Scientists Contribute to the AMS program

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) program is regarded as a huge international scientific project following the world-known International Space Station (ISS) project, Human Genome project

Eight Scientists Win Chen Jiageng Prizes

At the 10th General Assemblyof CAS, eight scientists were award-ed with Chen Jiageng Prize, a pres-tigious award to honor outstandingChinese scientists who forge aheadand scale S&T heights to revitalizethe nation.