Diagnostic value of FIB-4, aspartate aminotransferaseto-platelet ratio index and liver stiffness measurement in hepatitis B virus-infected patients with persistently normal alanine aminotransferase

AIM To assess the diagnostic value of FIB-4, aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index(APRI), and liver stiffness measurement(LSM) in patients with hepatitis B virus infection who have persistently normal alanine transaminase(PNALT).METHODS We enrolled 245 patients with chronic hepatitis B: 95 in PNALT group, 86 in intermittently elevated alanine transaminase(PIALT1) group [alanine transaminase(ALT) within 1-2 × upper limit of normal value(ULN)], and 64 in PIALT2 group(ALT > 2 × ULN). All the patients received a percutaneous liver biopsy guided by ultrasonography. LSM, biochemical tests, and complete blood cell counts were performed.RESULTS The pathological examination revealed moderate inflammatory necrosis ratios of 16.81%(16/95), 32.56%(28/86), and 45.31%(28/64), and moderate liverfibrosis of 24.2%(23/95), 33.72%(29/86), and 43.75%(28/64) in the PNALT, PIALT1, and PIALT2 groups, respectively. The degrees of inflammation and liver fibrosis were significantly higher in the PIALT groups than in the PNALT group(P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in the areas under the curve(AUCs) between APRI and FIB-4 in the PNALT group; however, significant differences were found between APRI and LSM, and between FIB-4 and LSM in the PNALT group(P < 0.05 for both). In the PIALT1 and PIALT2 groups, no significant difference(P > 0.05) was found in AUCs for all comparisons(P > 0.05 for all). In the overall patients, a significant difference in the AUCs was found only between LSM and APRI(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION APRI and FIB-4 are not the ideal noninvasive hepatic fibrosis markers for PNALT patients. LSM is superior to APRI and FIB-4 in PNALT patients because of the influence of liver inflammation and necrosis.

Debris flow impact on flexible barrier: effects of debrisbarrier stiffness and flow aspect ratio

Conventionally,flexible barriers are rated based on their ability to resist a free-falling boulder with a particular input energy.However,there is still no well-accepted approach for evaluating performance of flexible barrier under debris flow impact.In this study,a large-nonlinear finite-element model was used to back-analyze centrifuge tests to discern the effects of impact material type,barrier stiffness,and flow aspect ratio(flow height to flow length)on the reaction force between the impacting medium and flexible barrier.Results show that,in contrast to flexible barriers for resisting rockfall,the normal impact force induced by the highly frictional and viscous debris is insensitive to barrier stiffness.This is because the elongated distributions of kinetic energy are mainly dissipated by the internal and boundary shearing,and only a small portion is forwarded to the barrier.Furthermore,a new stiffness number is proposed to characterize the equivalent stiffness between a debris flow or a boulder,and a flexible barrier.Under the circumstance of an extremely elongated debris flow event,i.e.,low aspect ratio,the load on a barrier is dominated by the static component and thus not sensitive to the barrier stiffness.

Stiffness Distribution and Aeroelastic Performance Optimization of High-Aspect-Ratio Wings

The relationship between stiffness distribution and aeroelastic performance for a beam-frame model and a3-D model is investigated based on aeroelastic optimization of global stiffness design for high-aspect-ratio wings.The sensitivity information of wing spanwise stiffness distribution with respect to the twist angle at wing tip,the vertical displacement at wing tip,and the flutter speed are obtained using a sensitivity method for both models.Then the relationship between stiffness distribution and aeroelastic performance is summarized to guide the design procedure.By using the genetic/sensitivity-based hybrid algorithm,an optimal solution satisfying the strength,aeroelastic and manufacturing constraints is obtained.It is found that the summarized guidance is well consistent with the optimal solution,thus providing a valuable design advice with efficiency.The study also shows that the aeroelastic-optimization-based global stiffness design procedure can obtain the optimal solution under multiple constraints with high efficiency and precision,thereby having a strong application value in engineering.

Machine learning-based stiffness optimization of digital composite metamaterials with desired positive or negative Poisson's ratio

Mechanical metamaterials such as auxetic materials have attracted great interest due to their unusual properties that are dictated by their architectures.However,these architected materials usually have low stiffness because of the bending or rotation deformation mechanisms in the microstructures.In this work,a convolutional neural network(CNN)based self-learning multi-objective optimization is performed to design digital composite materials.The CNN models have undergone rigorous training using randomly generated two-phase digital composite materials,along with their corresponding Poisson's ratios and stiffness values.Then the CNN models are used for designing composite material structures with the minimum Poisson's ratio at a given volume fraction constraint.Furthermore,we have designed composite materials with optimized stiffness while exhibiting a desired Poisson's ratio(negative,zero,or positive).The optimized designs have been successfully and efficiently obtained,and their validity has been confirmed through finite element analysis results.This self-learning multi-objective optimization model offers a promising approach for achieving comprehensive multi-objective optimization.

Measurement of Vibrational Stiffness and Air Damping of Damselfly Wings

A simple cantilever beam vibration test method made of biomorph and insect wing, were used to measure the vibrational stiffness and the air damping of insect wings. Vibration tests were performed in vacuum pressures to atmosphere and the wing stiffness and air damping factor were measured. The test method was found to be a viable method for measuring wing stiffness, natural frequencies and mode shapes. The vibrational deformation of the insect wings was found to be combination of bending and torsion because of unsymmetrical geometry of wing. The measured stiffness (K) of damselfly wings varied from 0.18 to 0.31 N/m and the air damping ratio ranged from 0.72 to 0.79. The undamped natural frequency (fn) at 13 kPa varied from 249 to 299 Hz and at atmosphere it varied from 168 to 198 Hz.

Variable stiffness control algorithm for high-rising buildings of closely spaced frequencies based on wavelet transforms

To establish the algorithm of SAT-TMD system with the wavelet transform(WT),the modal mass participation ratio is proposed to distinguish if the high-rising structure has the characteristic of closely distributed frequencies.A time varying analytical model of high-rising structure such as TV-tower with the SAT-TMD is developed.The proposed new idea is to use WT to identify the dominant frequency of structural response in a segment time,and track its variation as a function of time to retune the SAT-TMD.The effectiveness of SAT-TMD is investigated and it is more robust to change in building stiffness and damping than that of the TMD with a fixed frequency corresponding to a fixed mode frequency of the building.It is proved that SAT-TMD is particularly effective in reducing the response even when the building stiffness is changed by ±15%;whereas the TMD loses its effectiveness under such building stiffness variations.

丁苯橡胶发泡材料的制备和性能研究

研究白炭黑用量、硫黄/过氧化物BIBP并用硫化体系的过氧化物BIBP和助交联剂TAIC用量、发泡倍率、预硫化温度和预硫化时间对丁苯橡胶(SBR)发泡材料性能的影响。结果表明:白炭黑用量增大,SBR发泡材料的100%定伸应力、拉伸强度、静刚度和动静刚度比增大,拉断伸长率减小;随着过氧化物BIBP用量和助交联剂TAIC用量增大,SBR发泡材料的拉伸强度、拉断伸长率、压缩永久变形和动静刚度比减小,100%定伸应力和静刚度增大;随着发泡倍率增大,SBR发泡材料的静刚度减小,动静刚度比增大;预硫化温度为125℃和预硫化时间为16 min时,SBR发泡材料的减振性能最佳,此时泡孔直径较小及分布均匀。

双层隔振系统的隔振器刚度适配研究

以双层隔振系统为研究对象,建立双层隔振系统的三维有限元模型。在给定的刚度范围内,单独改变设备隔振器刚度值或者底座隔振器刚度值时发现,任意一层隔振器刚度的变化对各级隔振均产生一定的影响。从底座隔振器与设备隔振器刚度比的角度出发,对两层隔振器的刚度进行适配,研究结果表明:在刚度适配时,可能出现振动传递过程中振动放大的情况;当刚度比相同时,在刚度值较小的工况下传递到底座上的振动加速度级比刚度值较大的工况小,同时其整体隔振效果也更好;在所计算的工况中,最优刚度适配工况下的整体隔振效果比最差刚度适配工况提高9.8 dB,传递到底座的振动加速度级降低12.3 d B,辐射声功率级总值降低12.8 dB。

外剪内框结构体系力学计算与抗震性能

为灵活设计商场、库房等大开间建筑的内部空间,提出了一种外剪内框结构体系,即在普通框架结构四周布置剪力墙,将其作为主要抗侧力构件,内部框架结构主要承担竖向荷载。推导了外剪内框结构体系的内力分析方法,提出了框架与剪力墙相对刚度控制参数的计算公式与设计方法。基于某4层框架结构,设计了对应的外剪内框结构,评估了外剪内框结构体系的抗震性能与抗倒塌能力。结果表明,外剪内框结构体系内部框架柱截面面积相对较小,可以实现更大的建筑空间,框架-剪力墙相对刚度的设计方法可用于实际设计。材料用量相同时,外剪内框结构较框架结构抗震性能更好,其抗侧刚度提升30.3%,极限承载力提高7.3%,罕遇地震下基底剪力减小13.8%,顶点位移减小66.3%,最大层间位移角减小74.3%。

防屈曲钢板墙屈服后刚度影响因素分析

金属消能构件进入屈服状态后产生阻尼,从而达到消能的作用,通常采用等效阻尼系数来度量消能的效果,而等效阻尼系数由滞回曲线形状、屈服承载力、屈服后刚度等因素决定。基于双线性滞回模型,推导了屈服后刚度比与等效阻尼系数的关系式。研究结果表明,随着屈服后刚度比的增大,等效阻尼系数减小,且减小幅度随着消能构件延性系数的增大而逐渐增大。为研究防屈曲钢板墙这种金属消能构件的屈服后刚度特征,设计了网状分布加劲肋夹板的防屈曲钢板墙试件,通过试验确定其滞回特性,并通过试验结果校核有限元模型。通过有限元分析芯板材料类型、芯板高厚比、高宽比对防屈曲钢板墙屈服后刚度的影响。分析结果表明,防屈曲钢板墙芯板材料类型、高宽比对屈服后刚度的影响较为显著。对于高宽比为1.2的试件,在变形幅值为1/100的墙高时,相较于芯板材料为Q235的钢板墙,芯板材料为LYP100和LYP160的钢板墙屈服后刚度比分别下降了80.23%和72.77%。而对于芯板材料同样为Q235钢板墙但高宽比为2.0的试件,其屈服后刚度比是高宽比为1.0试件的2倍。通过参数分析拟合得到了不同芯板材料类型的防屈曲钢板墙屈服后刚度比的计算式。

橡胶改性剂IDH在乘用车天然橡胶减振材料中的应用研究

研究橡胶改性剂间苯二甲酰肼(IDH)在乘用车天然橡胶(NR)减振材料中的应用。结果表明:对于未加入IDH的NR胶料,加入IDH的NR胶料的门尼粘度增大,t10和t90缩短,硫化胶的物理性能变化不大,疲劳寿命延长;纯炭黑填充的NR体系和NR/反式丁二烯橡胶并用体系中加入IDH后硫化胶的耐老化性能提高;纯炭黑填充的NR体系中加入IDH后硫化胶的动静刚度比显著减小。

梁柱线刚度比对方钢管混凝土-钢梁框架抗震性能影响分析

为分析梁柱线刚度比对方钢管混凝土柱-钢梁抗震性能的影响,利用ABAQUS及Python脚本建立了8个相同材料不同梁柱线刚度比的有限元模型,分析了梁柱线刚度比对模型极限承载力、滞回耗能及延性系数的影响。结果表明:钢管混凝土柱-钢梁结构具有良好的耗能能力。随着梁柱线刚度比的提升,该结构的承载能力会有所提高,但当提高到一定程度时,承载能力会下降。建议方钢管混凝土-钢梁框架结构的梁柱线刚度比取值不大于0.355。

Numerical study on maximum rebound ratio in blasting wave propagation along radian direction normal to joints

In the process of 2-D compressional wave propagation in a rock mass with multiple parallel joints along the radian direction normal to the joints, the maximum possible wave amplitude corresponding to the points between the two adjacent joints in the joint set is controlled by superposition of the multiple transmitted and the reflected waves, measured by the maximum rebound ratio. Parametric studies on the maximum rebound ratio along the radian direction normal to the joints were performed in universal distinct element code. The results show that the maximum rebound ratio is influenced by three factors, i.e., the normalized normal stiffness of joints, the ratio of joint spacing to wavelength and the joint from which the wave rebounds. The relationship between the maximum rebound ratio and the influence factors is generalized into five charts. Those charts can be used as the prediction model for estimating the maximum rebound ratio.

Drum instability of thinning spinning ultra thin-walled tubes with large diameter-to-thickness ratio

In order to explore drum instability problems of thinning spinning ultra thin-walled tubes with large diameter-to-hickness ratio, experiments of thinning spinning ultra thin-walled tubes with different clearances between the mandrel and the tube were carried out. The phenomena of drum instability were analyzed. Drum instability mechanism was studied. The important influence of the mandrel-locked ring on stable thinning spinning was found. Besides, two important parameters, namely drum ratio and drum stiffness, were proposed to characterize the drum instability of spinning ultra thin-walled tubes with large diameter-to-thickness ratio. What's more, numerical simulations were applied to explore the influences of different clearance ratios and diameter-to-thickness ratios on the drum instability. As a result, it is found that the mandrel-locked ring is the key to the stability and precision of spinning; drum ratio can reflect the degree of the deformation of the tubes; drum stiffness is a comprehensive index to measure the influences of the tube's own parameters on the spinning instability; both the clearance ratio and diameter-thickness ratio have significant influences on the drum ratio and drum stiffness.

Numerical Simulation of a New 3D Isolation System Designed for a Facility with Large Aspect Ratio

This paper proposes a novel three-dimensional(3D)isolation system for facilities and presents the numerical simulation approach for the isolated system under earthquake excitations and impact effect using the OpenSees(Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation)software frame work.The 3D isolators combine the quasi-zero stiffness(QZS)system in the vertical direction and lead rubber bearing in the horizontal direction.Considering the large aspect ratio of the isolated facility,linear viscous dampers are designed in the vertical direction to diminish the overturning effect.The vertical QZS isolation system is characterized by a cubic force-displacement relation,thus,no elements or materials can model this mechanic behavior in the existing finite element software.This study takes advantage of the open source feature of the OpenSees to create a new material to represent the mechanic properties of the QZS system.Then the user-defined material is combined with the rubber isolator element to model the 3D isolator.Considering different soil types and input magnitudes,six sets of natural seismic records and artificial waves and half sine pulses are selected as the input excitations.A finite element model for the 3D isolated facility is established based on the combined element and the simulation is performed to calculate the time history response.The numerical simulation reveals the flexibility of the OpenSees to deal with new engineering problems,and the results prove that the new 3D isolation system can have an optimal isolation effect in both horizontal and vertical directions.The maximum acceleration response at the top of the facility is below the target limit,and the maximum deformation and the overturning motion of the isolation system can be controlled in a safe range.

基于管柱动力学的特深井通井组合刚度评价方法与应用

我国特深井钻井正处于快速发展阶段,受井眼尺寸大和深度深的影响,钻井过程中极易出现微井斜、扩径缩径和井壁台阶等,导致套管下入困难,因此通井钻具组合评价尤为重要。目前,现场使用的评价方法常忽略了管柱下入过程中与井壁的碰撞和变形,导致通井效果时好时坏。为了辅助现场施工,文章基于全井管柱动力学模型和HHT-α数值计算方法提出了一种能够模拟管柱下入的动态过程的通井钻具组合的评价方法,该方法考虑了实测井眼轨迹、井眼扩大率和下入阻力等要素。通过某特深井三开下套管前的钻具组合进行实例计算分析,表明井眼扩大率和套管串下入阻力对通井能力和套管下入影响较大,当井眼扩大率较小且套管串下入阻力较大时,需要使用刚度较大的多扶正器通井钻具组合。本方法可以实现实测井况条件下比较精准的刚度对比模拟,也成功指导了案例井?486 mm套管的安全下入。

一种小动静比橡胶隔振器仿真与试验

通过隔振器内部结构设计,在保证承载能力的同时降低橡胶隔振器的动态刚度。开展橡胶隔振器的静态变形、在给定静变形下的动态仿真分析,表明该隔振器在静态力-位移曲线上具有负斜率特性,对应隔振器内部结构的失稳变形;进行隔振器的静压试验、动态试验和隔振系统中的振动传递试验,结果表明,静态力-位移曲线试验结果呈现负斜率特性,在静态曲线上不同工作点处的固有频率呈现负斜率处最小的特性。

防屈曲支撑框架抗震性能影响因素的模拟分析

本文旨在研究防屈曲支撑(BRB)平面布置方式和抗侧刚度比两种综合因素对防屈曲支撑钢筋混凝土框架(BRBF)的抗震性能影响,以及框架中BRB的合理布置方案。通过采用OpenSees软件建立了4、8和12层的BRBF空间模型,并进行双向地震作用下的结构弹塑性时程分析,对比分析3种BRB布置方式与5种抗侧刚度比的组合工况下结构抗震性能,基于分析结果综合判定BRB最优布置方案。结果表明:在外框架、内框架和全框架的3种支撑布置方式中地震损伤程度的控制效果分别可达30%、40%和60%,且效果随抗侧刚度比的增加而递增;BRB的设置显著增加了底柱的最大轴力,其中全框架布置方式在3种支撑方式中表现出最优的降低结构竖向反应的效果。BRB最优布置方案组合为内框架布置与刚度比1.0和全框架布置与刚度比2.5。研究成果可为每层采用相同BRB布置方式的规则钢筋混凝土框架结构的加固设计提供参考。

炭黑N330用量对天然橡胶阻尼性能的影响

研究炭黑N330用量对天然橡胶(NR)阻尼性能的影响。结果表明:随着炭黑用量的增大,NR混炼胶的FL,Fmax和Fmax-FL增大,t90缩短;NR硫化胶的邵尔A型硬度、100%定伸应力、300%定伸应力、拉伸强度和撕裂强度增大,拉断伸长率和回弹值减小;NR硫化胶低温下的损耗因子(tanδ)峰值减小,高温下的tanδ呈增大趋势。随着温度的升高,NR硫化胶的tanδ减小,且炭黑N330用量大的NR硫化胶的tanδ减小速率大于炭黑N330用量小的NR硫化胶,表明高温下炭黑N330用量大的NR硫化胶的阻尼性能对温度变化更敏感。随着炭黑N330用量的增大,NR硫化胶的静刚度和动/静刚度比都增大,表明炭黑N330用量增大对NR硫化胶的阻尼性能有提升作用。

基于调研数据的部分斜拉桥设计关键参数研究

针对部分斜拉桥设计关键参数缺少足够规范指导的问题,通过对国内外的部分斜拉桥进行设计主要参数调研统计,并与现有相关规范、科研成果进行对比研究,讨论了部分斜拉桥各型结构体系适用性、拉索布置形式,总结给出拉索倾角和间距、边主跨比、塔跨比、索梁刚度比和无索区长度等重要设计参数取值范围。结果表明,拉索倾角一般为11°~35°,主梁上拉索间距一般采用3.5 m~8 m,塔上的拉索间距一般采用0.5 m~1.2 m;3跨布置时,边主跨比一般集中在0.41~0.70,塔跨比宜采用1/3~1/13,索梁刚度比宜小于30;主跨跨中无索区长度与跨径之比宜取0.06~0.21。