The Italian film The Last Emperor has strong color of post-colonialism,therefore,my paper will analyze the film from the perspective of post-colonialism.The two important terms in post-colonialism theory closely relat...The Italian film The Last Emperor has strong color of post-colonialism,therefore,my paper will analyze the film from the perspective of post-colonialism.The two important terms in post-colonialism theory closely related to the film are "Orientalism",and "the other".My paper focus on analyzing the China's image in European films from the angles of "Oriental ism" and "the other".My paper reveals that the China's image in European films can't break away from Orientalism,and the western world describe the oriental world according to its own imagination and think itself as a savior to the oriental world.Therefore,what we Chinese should do is being initiative to describe ourselves to shape a new image of real China.展开更多
The post-colonialism is a theory proposed by the eastern colonial academist Edward W. Said. With the understanding and the definition of post-colonialism, the paper is to analyze phenomena of the movie 2012 and Avatar...The post-colonialism is a theory proposed by the eastern colonial academist Edward W. Said. With the understanding and the definition of post-colonialism, the paper is to analyze phenomena of the movie 2012 and Avatar from several aspects. Firstly, the "other" is the first angle to be talked about. In the Westerners' perspective, they are the center of the world, and they dominate the world. Their rules are the accepted rules, and people of different origin or different cultures are all called "other". Secondly, it is the degeneration of eastern culture. In the complex of the degeneration of the culture, the demonization of the under-developed nations, the dominant language of English in the communication with the people around, feminization of the characters in the movies, and the updated colonialism of the colonized countries are to be mentioned.展开更多
The Loons is one of the famous short stories of Canadian female writer Margaret Lawrence. In this story, the authorportrays an Indian woman—Piquette, who is a tragic figure and lives as a marginalized group. This art...The Loons is one of the famous short stories of Canadian female writer Margaret Lawrence. In this story, the authorportrays an Indian woman—Piquette, who is a tragic figure and lives as a marginalized group. This article willanalyze Piquette in The Loons from the perspective of Spivak’s Post-colonialism, revealing the fate of colonialwomen under the imperialist and patriarchal discourse and deepen the reader’s understanding of this work.展开更多
Mistranslation has always been received with negative reactions among the translation community for a long time.Post-colonial translation theory forms an intersection with translatology and brings translation studies ...Mistranslation has always been received with negative reactions among the translation community for a long time.Post-colonial translation theory forms an intersection with translatology and brings translation studies from linguistics to the hidden factors such as politics,cultures and aesthetics that influence the formation of translations.From the perspective of post-colonial translation theory,this article makes comparisons with intentional mistranslation among the two English versions of Shuo Ren,and analyzes the causes that affect the intentional mistranslation of different translators.In conclusion,translators in strong cultures may misuse intentional mistranslation to“dump”their own culture,political views,or religious beliefs,so as to promote cultural aggression against the colonized or former colonial countries.In addition,domestic translators should adopt appropriate intentional mistranslation to ensure more acceptance and spreading of Chinese culture in the world.展开更多
Post-colonialist criticism can be traced in many works of the famous British female writer Doris Lessing."The Black Madonna"is one of them. This essay, through the analysis of metaphor, contrast and symbolis...Post-colonialist criticism can be traced in many works of the famous British female writer Doris Lessing."The Black Madonna"is one of them. This essay, through the analysis of metaphor, contrast and symbolism used in the novel, is an attempt to reveal its post-colonialist theme from the perspective of writing techniques. It also aims to lead people to ponder on the hidden theme of the novel—humanity.展开更多
The short novel The Outstation written by William Somerset Maugham was created in 1931. The story revolves around theconflict between two Englishmen in a foreign country. The paper will analyze it by using Edward Said...The short novel The Outstation written by William Somerset Maugham was created in 1931. The story revolves around theconflict between two Englishmen in a foreign country. The paper will analyze it by using Edward Said's Post-colonialism theoryand reveals the underlying Oriental colonial thought.展开更多
The movie Slumdog Millionaire is the biggest winner and the hottest topic in the movie field in 2009.The focus on this movieshould not only include the performance of the actors, the attractive plot, but also the inte...The movie Slumdog Millionaire is the biggest winner and the hottest topic in the movie field in 2009.The focus on this movieshould not only include the performance of the actors, the attractive plot, but also the intention and the deep meaning of it. This essay willinterpret the movie from the post-colonial perspective, from three angles of the beautification of the West, the exposure of the Indian social problems and language, to prove the rationality of the saying "poverty porn".展开更多
Alice Walker is a famous African-American female author whose short story“Everyday Use”takes the conflict between a mother and her two daughters over the final ownership of“a quilt”as the main line and creates thr...Alice Walker is a famous African-American female author whose short story“Everyday Use”takes the conflict between a mother and her two daughters over the final ownership of“a quilt”as the main line and creates three black women characters with bright personality.This paper will focus on the living conditions and spiritual world of black women,and reflects the anxiety of black women on ethnic cultural heritage within the white world and reveals the suppression of the strong culture to the weak culture,and the self-preservation of the weak culture from the perspective of post-colonialism.展开更多
The African-American novel Invisible Man written by Ralph Ellison is about the miserable suffering of black people in the white society.The black people were invisible in the white world.This thesis analyzes this nove...The African-American novel Invisible Man written by Ralph Ellison is about the miserable suffering of black people in the white society.The black people were invisible in the white world.This thesis analyzes this novel from post-colonialism perspective to discuss the process of looking for the racial identity of the protagonist.展开更多
This article examines how post-war Angola is depicted in the film O Heroi (The Hero). With a well-known international east and funding from a number of foreign sources, this movie heralds in a new era for Lusophone ...This article examines how post-war Angola is depicted in the film O Heroi (The Hero). With a well-known international east and funding from a number of foreign sources, this movie heralds in a new era for Lusophone African cinema. Director Zezo Gamboa highlights the difficult reality faced by those living in Luanda, the capital of Angola, with scenes of water and electricity shortages, unemployment, and gang violence. He also touches upon some of the themes from the work of famed Senegalese author and director Ousmane Sembone such as corruption and neo-colonialism. One of the very few Angolan movies that has been shown at international festivals and theaters, O Heroi (2004) not only offers a harsh portrayal of living conditions after 40 years of conflict, especially that of the treatment of disabled veterans injured in the mine fields that still are found throughout the country, but also creates a sense of hope for families displaced by war to be reunited or at least form new bonds in the future.展开更多
Peter Carey is“one of the most original and talented writers”of New Writing in Australia.Oscar and Lucinda is one of his novels,which sets in 19th century Britain and Australia and tells the bizarre,pure love story ...Peter Carey is“one of the most original and talented writers”of New Writing in Australia.Oscar and Lucinda is one of his novels,which sets in 19th century Britain and Australia and tells the bizarre,pure love story between these two persons.However,it is also interspersed with numerous depictions of Christianity,Australian aboriginal culture,and British colonial invasion.Therefore,many critics and even Peter Carey himself see it as an exploration and reflection on colonialism and Australia’s national cultural identity.Aiming at the colonial elements in the novel,this paper will proceed from the post-colonial theory,through the analysis of the hybridity of the protagonist’s identities and the inner themes of the novel,to explore the characters’confusion about identity under the colonial era,and the cruel colonial reality hidden under the Christian civilization.展开更多
As a visual art, film has already been one of the main forms to exhibit culture in modem society. This paper tries to explore American animated films, one of the most successful and tipical styles of American films, f...As a visual art, film has already been one of the main forms to exhibit culture in modem society. This paper tries to explore American animated films, one of the most successful and tipical styles of American films, from the view of post-colonialism so as to receal American animated films make every effort to set up the image of the Other and to propagate American culture and value. It is American cultural hegemony.展开更多
The Last of the Mohicans is one of the five frontier novels written by famous American novelist James Fenimore Cooper in the early 19thcentury.Although it has been criticized for its narrative flaws,its length and for...The Last of the Mohicans is one of the five frontier novels written by famous American novelist James Fenimore Cooper in the early 19thcentury.Although it has been criticized for its narrative flaws,its length and formal prose style,it was one of the most popular in its time and is of a high literary value nowadays.With the coming of the white European colonialists,the Indians underwent various changes.Some Indians submitted themselves to the white while some Indians rebelled against the invaders and sought their revenge.With a post-colonial approach,the changes of the Indians will be better understood,and people nowadays will also have a better understanding of the Indian history and culture in early American history.展开更多
As a work representing part and parcel of Kazuo Ishiguro’s literary creation and underpinning his literary reputation,The Remains of the Day is a full-length novel told by first-person narratives,numerous segments in...As a work representing part and parcel of Kazuo Ishiguro’s literary creation and underpinning his literary reputation,The Remains of the Day is a full-length novel told by first-person narratives,numerous segments in which are proved to entail post-colonial implications.Mr.Stevens’struggling process of mistreating himself in an inhuman,banal,and restrained manner and later painfully reconstructing his identity is unequivocally revealed.That would conspicuously serves as an epitome of post-war Britain:people were getting lost in their formerly-constructed cultural identity.Facing swiftly-changing milieu in Britain,people may not enable themselves to transform their cognition,self-esteem,pride or even prejudice in a fast speed as the international sit⁃uation may do so.展开更多
Development is achieved neither from the vacuum nor from the abstract. It takes place in a social context and responds to specific social conditions. Many countries in Africa (especially in the sub-Saharan area) con...Development is achieved neither from the vacuum nor from the abstract. It takes place in a social context and responds to specific social conditions. Many countries in Africa (especially in the sub-Saharan area) consider that the main potential contribution an agenda for socio-economic development could provide would be to put socio-anthropoiogical studies of development back at the center of concerns. Likewise, the nature of the commitment of theorists and practitioners of yesterday and today, in a context that is described as post-colonial, especially around development projects policies, is to encourage more comprehensive and effective new approaches with regard to development in Africa. Moreover, achieving development requires also global actions to deliver on the legitimate aspiration towards further economic and social progress, requiring growth and employment, and at the same time strengthening the education system by using academic institutions, and systems to the right to make decisions about programs, quality standards, and a veriety of other educational factors.展开更多
The research on the architecture and urbanism of the former Portuguese Africa allows us to consider and to establish the real intrinsic value, typological and morphological diversity, and the lengthy duration of the l...The research on the architecture and urbanism of the former Portuguese Africa allows us to consider and to establish the real intrinsic value, typological and morphological diversity, and the lengthy duration of the legacy of this architectural/urban heritage. Portuguese colonization in Africa produced more recently, mostly in the period 1950-1975, some vast and great material values, of which seven or eight main cities, including the vast contents of their modern architecture, are striking examples. We can evaluate the most positive aspects with future impact represented by this Portuguese architects' practice (cultural ethics, use of modern technology, and service to society) and the architectonic work produced during that era. Although these cities and its architecture were created within a late colonial context of indisputable discrimination, they have prevailed despite wars and circumstantial abandonment. Now they represent a consistent material basis for the modernization and/or revitalization of urban life in these countries. Architects that are at present working and intervening in these countries should understand this ambivalence and complementary nature between the ex-colonial "concrete city" and the "informal city" pre- and post-colonial, so that their performance is socially and culturally informed, correct, and positive.展开更多
The enlightened person of The May Fourth Movement are not properly regarded Chinese culture and Western culture as the source of China’s backwardness from the angle of post-colonial theory.This thesis will analyse th...The enlightened person of The May Fourth Movement are not properly regarded Chinese culture and Western culture as the source of China’s backwardness from the angle of post-colonial theory.This thesis will analyse the cause and effect of post-colonial translation theory.Through full and accurate material analysis,this finding will give implication to the future translation of Chinese classics.展开更多
Louise Erdrich is one of the most important contemporary American writers in America.Her first Novel Love Medicine won most prizes in American literature history.Most researches in America and China on the novel from ...Louise Erdrich is one of the most important contemporary American writers in America.Her first Novel Love Medicine won most prizes in American literature history.Most researches in America and China on the novel from the perspectives of feminism,post- colonialism,ecocriticism.The themes in the novel such as love,home- coming,identity construction have also been discussed.展开更多
What has really happened in Europe since 2014?Why in 2018 are so many migrants still making their way towards Europe?For the first time since the Second World War,an important number of individuals have entered into E...What has really happened in Europe since 2014?Why in 2018 are so many migrants still making their way towards Europe?For the first time since the Second World War,an important number of individuals have entered into European soil.The idea for this article goes back to October 2015 when the prefet from the town where I live went in search of asylum seekers.This is what sparked off my inquiry amongst about 50 exiles housed in the annex of the Montmorency(95)hospital in July 2015.But against popular belief,migrants are not accepted fairly into countries,and the geographical distribution of Syrians in Turkey,Lebanon,Jordan,and Europe is contrary to what Kant had defended as a“right to visit”.Although the majority of researchers suggest welcoming migrants,it is necessary to reconsider some methodological and epistemological aspects and get away from some wrongly perceived concepts which dated prior to the year 2000.Yet,the Arab Spring has showed that we are dealing with unfinished post-colonialism,something that we will soon come back to in another article where we will propose another solution.展开更多
In the wake of Richards Benton's "Keats and Zen" (published in Philosophy East and West (1966)), this paper sets out to examine Janet Frame's appropriation of Buddhist philosophy in Snowman, Snowman (1962). ...In the wake of Richards Benton's "Keats and Zen" (published in Philosophy East and West (1966)), this paper sets out to examine Janet Frame's appropriation of Buddhist philosophy in Snowman, Snowman (1962). The novella's allusions to a Buddhist-like epistemology, together with its subtle references to Scandinavian myths, however, have so far remained uncovered and are therefore best approached in the light of what has been called "the suppressed intertextuality in post-colonial writing". The author's intention in this paper is twofold: On the one hand, the author will suggest that post-colonial writers do not necessarily write against the Western canon and that maintaining the contrary amounts to vindicating the centrality of imperial texts in the contemporary literary scene--an endeavour which is hardly post-colonial. On the other hand, the author will go some way towards shifting eastward the core of Frame's ontology by suggesting that her poetics is anchored not only in Western thinking, but also, perhaps more importantly so, in Eastern philosophy. The author's primary impulse, however, in examining the interplay between canonical and peripheral intertextualities, is to illuminate in fundamental fashion the haunting beauty of the writer's universe and the lyricism of Snowman, Snowman.展开更多
文摘The Italian film The Last Emperor has strong color of post-colonialism,therefore,my paper will analyze the film from the perspective of post-colonialism.The two important terms in post-colonialism theory closely related to the film are "Orientalism",and "the other".My paper focus on analyzing the China's image in European films from the angles of "Oriental ism" and "the other".My paper reveals that the China's image in European films can't break away from Orientalism,and the western world describe the oriental world according to its own imagination and think itself as a savior to the oriental world.Therefore,what we Chinese should do is being initiative to describe ourselves to shape a new image of real China.
文摘The post-colonialism is a theory proposed by the eastern colonial academist Edward W. Said. With the understanding and the definition of post-colonialism, the paper is to analyze phenomena of the movie 2012 and Avatar from several aspects. Firstly, the "other" is the first angle to be talked about. In the Westerners' perspective, they are the center of the world, and they dominate the world. Their rules are the accepted rules, and people of different origin or different cultures are all called "other". Secondly, it is the degeneration of eastern culture. In the complex of the degeneration of the culture, the demonization of the under-developed nations, the dominant language of English in the communication with the people around, feminization of the characters in the movies, and the updated colonialism of the colonized countries are to be mentioned.
文摘The Loons is one of the famous short stories of Canadian female writer Margaret Lawrence. In this story, the authorportrays an Indian woman—Piquette, who is a tragic figure and lives as a marginalized group. This article willanalyze Piquette in The Loons from the perspective of Spivak’s Post-colonialism, revealing the fate of colonialwomen under the imperialist and patriarchal discourse and deepen the reader’s understanding of this work.
基金This study is supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WUT:225217003).
文摘Mistranslation has always been received with negative reactions among the translation community for a long time.Post-colonial translation theory forms an intersection with translatology and brings translation studies from linguistics to the hidden factors such as politics,cultures and aesthetics that influence the formation of translations.From the perspective of post-colonial translation theory,this article makes comparisons with intentional mistranslation among the two English versions of Shuo Ren,and analyzes the causes that affect the intentional mistranslation of different translators.In conclusion,translators in strong cultures may misuse intentional mistranslation to“dump”their own culture,political views,or religious beliefs,so as to promote cultural aggression against the colonized or former colonial countries.In addition,domestic translators should adopt appropriate intentional mistranslation to ensure more acceptance and spreading of Chinese culture in the world.
文摘Post-colonialist criticism can be traced in many works of the famous British female writer Doris Lessing."The Black Madonna"is one of them. This essay, through the analysis of metaphor, contrast and symbolism used in the novel, is an attempt to reveal its post-colonialist theme from the perspective of writing techniques. It also aims to lead people to ponder on the hidden theme of the novel—humanity.
文摘The short novel The Outstation written by William Somerset Maugham was created in 1931. The story revolves around theconflict between two Englishmen in a foreign country. The paper will analyze it by using Edward Said's Post-colonialism theoryand reveals the underlying Oriental colonial thought.
文摘The movie Slumdog Millionaire is the biggest winner and the hottest topic in the movie field in 2009.The focus on this movieshould not only include the performance of the actors, the attractive plot, but also the intention and the deep meaning of it. This essay willinterpret the movie from the post-colonial perspective, from three angles of the beautification of the West, the exposure of the Indian social problems and language, to prove the rationality of the saying "poverty porn".
文摘Alice Walker is a famous African-American female author whose short story“Everyday Use”takes the conflict between a mother and her two daughters over the final ownership of“a quilt”as the main line and creates three black women characters with bright personality.This paper will focus on the living conditions and spiritual world of black women,and reflects the anxiety of black women on ethnic cultural heritage within the white world and reveals the suppression of the strong culture to the weak culture,and the self-preservation of the weak culture from the perspective of post-colonialism.
文摘The African-American novel Invisible Man written by Ralph Ellison is about the miserable suffering of black people in the white society.The black people were invisible in the white world.This thesis analyzes this novel from post-colonialism perspective to discuss the process of looking for the racial identity of the protagonist.
文摘This article examines how post-war Angola is depicted in the film O Heroi (The Hero). With a well-known international east and funding from a number of foreign sources, this movie heralds in a new era for Lusophone African cinema. Director Zezo Gamboa highlights the difficult reality faced by those living in Luanda, the capital of Angola, with scenes of water and electricity shortages, unemployment, and gang violence. He also touches upon some of the themes from the work of famed Senegalese author and director Ousmane Sembone such as corruption and neo-colonialism. One of the very few Angolan movies that has been shown at international festivals and theaters, O Heroi (2004) not only offers a harsh portrayal of living conditions after 40 years of conflict, especially that of the treatment of disabled veterans injured in the mine fields that still are found throughout the country, but also creates a sense of hope for families displaced by war to be reunited or at least form new bonds in the future.
文摘Peter Carey is“one of the most original and talented writers”of New Writing in Australia.Oscar and Lucinda is one of his novels,which sets in 19th century Britain and Australia and tells the bizarre,pure love story between these two persons.However,it is also interspersed with numerous depictions of Christianity,Australian aboriginal culture,and British colonial invasion.Therefore,many critics and even Peter Carey himself see it as an exploration and reflection on colonialism and Australia’s national cultural identity.Aiming at the colonial elements in the novel,this paper will proceed from the post-colonial theory,through the analysis of the hybridity of the protagonist’s identities and the inner themes of the novel,to explore the characters’confusion about identity under the colonial era,and the cruel colonial reality hidden under the Christian civilization.
文摘As a visual art, film has already been one of the main forms to exhibit culture in modem society. This paper tries to explore American animated films, one of the most successful and tipical styles of American films, from the view of post-colonialism so as to receal American animated films make every effort to set up the image of the Other and to propagate American culture and value. It is American cultural hegemony.
文摘The Last of the Mohicans is one of the five frontier novels written by famous American novelist James Fenimore Cooper in the early 19thcentury.Although it has been criticized for its narrative flaws,its length and formal prose style,it was one of the most popular in its time and is of a high literary value nowadays.With the coming of the white European colonialists,the Indians underwent various changes.Some Indians submitted themselves to the white while some Indians rebelled against the invaders and sought their revenge.With a post-colonial approach,the changes of the Indians will be better understood,and people nowadays will also have a better understanding of the Indian history and culture in early American history.
文摘As a work representing part and parcel of Kazuo Ishiguro’s literary creation and underpinning his literary reputation,The Remains of the Day is a full-length novel told by first-person narratives,numerous segments in which are proved to entail post-colonial implications.Mr.Stevens’struggling process of mistreating himself in an inhuman,banal,and restrained manner and later painfully reconstructing his identity is unequivocally revealed.That would conspicuously serves as an epitome of post-war Britain:people were getting lost in their formerly-constructed cultural identity.Facing swiftly-changing milieu in Britain,people may not enable themselves to transform their cognition,self-esteem,pride or even prejudice in a fast speed as the international sit⁃uation may do so.
文摘Development is achieved neither from the vacuum nor from the abstract. It takes place in a social context and responds to specific social conditions. Many countries in Africa (especially in the sub-Saharan area) consider that the main potential contribution an agenda for socio-economic development could provide would be to put socio-anthropoiogical studies of development back at the center of concerns. Likewise, the nature of the commitment of theorists and practitioners of yesterday and today, in a context that is described as post-colonial, especially around development projects policies, is to encourage more comprehensive and effective new approaches with regard to development in Africa. Moreover, achieving development requires also global actions to deliver on the legitimate aspiration towards further economic and social progress, requiring growth and employment, and at the same time strengthening the education system by using academic institutions, and systems to the right to make decisions about programs, quality standards, and a veriety of other educational factors.
文摘The research on the architecture and urbanism of the former Portuguese Africa allows us to consider and to establish the real intrinsic value, typological and morphological diversity, and the lengthy duration of the legacy of this architectural/urban heritage. Portuguese colonization in Africa produced more recently, mostly in the period 1950-1975, some vast and great material values, of which seven or eight main cities, including the vast contents of their modern architecture, are striking examples. We can evaluate the most positive aspects with future impact represented by this Portuguese architects' practice (cultural ethics, use of modern technology, and service to society) and the architectonic work produced during that era. Although these cities and its architecture were created within a late colonial context of indisputable discrimination, they have prevailed despite wars and circumstantial abandonment. Now they represent a consistent material basis for the modernization and/or revitalization of urban life in these countries. Architects that are at present working and intervening in these countries should understand this ambivalence and complementary nature between the ex-colonial "concrete city" and the "informal city" pre- and post-colonial, so that their performance is socially and culturally informed, correct, and positive.
文摘The enlightened person of The May Fourth Movement are not properly regarded Chinese culture and Western culture as the source of China’s backwardness from the angle of post-colonial theory.This thesis will analyse the cause and effect of post-colonial translation theory.Through full and accurate material analysis,this finding will give implication to the future translation of Chinese classics.
文摘Louise Erdrich is one of the most important contemporary American writers in America.Her first Novel Love Medicine won most prizes in American literature history.Most researches in America and China on the novel from the perspectives of feminism,post- colonialism,ecocriticism.The themes in the novel such as love,home- coming,identity construction have also been discussed.
文摘What has really happened in Europe since 2014?Why in 2018 are so many migrants still making their way towards Europe?For the first time since the Second World War,an important number of individuals have entered into European soil.The idea for this article goes back to October 2015 when the prefet from the town where I live went in search of asylum seekers.This is what sparked off my inquiry amongst about 50 exiles housed in the annex of the Montmorency(95)hospital in July 2015.But against popular belief,migrants are not accepted fairly into countries,and the geographical distribution of Syrians in Turkey,Lebanon,Jordan,and Europe is contrary to what Kant had defended as a“right to visit”.Although the majority of researchers suggest welcoming migrants,it is necessary to reconsider some methodological and epistemological aspects and get away from some wrongly perceived concepts which dated prior to the year 2000.Yet,the Arab Spring has showed that we are dealing with unfinished post-colonialism,something that we will soon come back to in another article where we will propose another solution.
文摘In the wake of Richards Benton's "Keats and Zen" (published in Philosophy East and West (1966)), this paper sets out to examine Janet Frame's appropriation of Buddhist philosophy in Snowman, Snowman (1962). The novella's allusions to a Buddhist-like epistemology, together with its subtle references to Scandinavian myths, however, have so far remained uncovered and are therefore best approached in the light of what has been called "the suppressed intertextuality in post-colonial writing". The author's intention in this paper is twofold: On the one hand, the author will suggest that post-colonial writers do not necessarily write against the Western canon and that maintaining the contrary amounts to vindicating the centrality of imperial texts in the contemporary literary scene--an endeavour which is hardly post-colonial. On the other hand, the author will go some way towards shifting eastward the core of Frame's ontology by suggesting that her poetics is anchored not only in Western thinking, but also, perhaps more importantly so, in Eastern philosophy. The author's primary impulse, however, in examining the interplay between canonical and peripheral intertextualities, is to illuminate in fundamental fashion the haunting beauty of the writer's universe and the lyricism of Snowman, Snowman.