Settlement Control Standards of Construction and Expansion for Mountainous Highway Roadbeds

This article analyzes the differential settlement of new and old roadbeds after widening and its characteristics based on a highway reconstruction and expansion project case study.The research proposes a subgrade settlement control standard that states that the maximum differential settlement value should be less than 5 cm when the embankment fill height exceeds 20 m.Similarly,the maximum differential settlement value should be less than 10 cm when the embankment fill height does not exceed 20 m.The findings of the study can provide a useful reference for the design of roadbed widening in highway reconstruction and expansion projects.

A computational method for post-construction settlement of high-speed railway bridge pile foundation considering soil creep effect

Based on reasonable assumptions that simplified the calculational model,a simple and practical method was proposed to calculate the post-construction settlement of high-speed railway bridge pile foundation by using the Mesri creep model to describe the soil characteristics and the Mindlin-Geddes method considering pile diameter to calculate the vertical additional stress of pile bottom.A program named CPPS was designed for this method to calculate the post-construction settlement of a high-speed railway bridge pile foundation.The result indicates that the post-construction settlement in 100 years meets the requirements of the engineering specifications,and in the first two decades,the post-construction settlement is about 80% of its total settlement,while the settlement in the rest eighty years tends to be stable.Compared with the measured settlement after laying railway tracks,the calculational result is closed to that of the measured,and the results are conservative with a high computational accuracy.It is noted that the method can be used to calculate the post-construction settlement for the preliminary design of high-speed railway bridge pile foundation.

Shallow Tunneling Method and Control Measure for Ground Surface Settlement

In order to ensure that the tunnel deformation and surface settlement are controlled within the allowable range during the construction process,the design unit has compiled technical measures and monitoring schemes for ground settlement control of this project.Based on the example of a shallow tunneling project on Subway line 8,this paper analyzes and discusses the shallow tunneling method in detail and puts forward corresponding technical measures for ground settlement control.

Settlement Control Technology of High Filled Soil-Rock Embankment in Alpine and High-Altitude Areas

China's infrastructure has gradually achieved large-scale development,and transportation construction has also shifted from east to west,transitioning from plains to mountainous areas.High-fill embankments of different sizes in mountainous areas are unavoidable,and the settlement of high-fill embankments is usually the most concerned issue in high-fill projects.According to the current research of highway projects,most of the high embankments in mountainous areas are soil-rock mixed embankments or rock-filled embankments,and their post-construction settlements are directly related to construction technology and the type of filler used.In this paper,the problems in the settlement control of earth-filled embankment and related factors are analyzed in detail.The settlement control technology of high-fill embankment in high-cold and high-altitude areas is also discussed,so as to ensure the overall quality of high-fill embankment.

Analysis of Control Measures for Settlement of Differences on the Problems of Highway Subgrade Widening

The study mainly discusses the issues of the settlement of differences that occurs in the process of highway subgrade widening. Firstly, it briefly introduces the settlement of difference and its harms;then it analyzes the mechanism of settlement of differences in the process of difference widening, including four aspects: the new and old roadbeds themselves, design, construction and other links;finally, based on the above analysis of the mechanism, it discusses the corresponding control measures, mainly proposing these suggestions as followings: the use of lightweight materials, the foundation treatment, the cut slope excavation steps, and the strict control of the degree of compaction, etc. The paper is expected to provide some theoretical basis for the control measures of highway subgrade widening settlement of difference.

Ground settlement sedimentation time-space effect and ground settlement control standards

Since different underground engineering contains different geological conditions,structure and excavation methods,their disturbing degree on the ground also differs,but ground surface settlement caused by excavation has one common point that they will form a ground surface settlement curve.Based on data statistical analysis,the article puts forward the relationship between point of inflection in digging tunnels with shallowburied method and the span of tunnel excavation against typical geological conditions in Changchun so as to predict the impact of tunnel excavation and improve reasonable ground surface settlement control standard.Research result will be useful for study on ground surface control standard in digging tunnels with shallow-buried method and setting settlement standard.

城市轨道交通基坑工程变形控制值研究

[目的]设置监测项目的变形控制值,对施工安全进行控制,以确保施工期间结构自身及周边环境稳定性,是城市轨道交通工程施工非常重要的工作内容。采用明挖法时,变形控制值因所处地质条件的不同而表现出较为明显的差异,需进一步明确不同地质条件下基坑的变形控制值。[方法]以北京地铁基坑工程为研究案例,分两个区域(西部、中东部)分别收集、整理了基坑工程的监测数据。选取基坑地面沉降、围护桩顶/墙顶处沉降、围护桩顶/墙顶处水平位移、围护桩体/墙体处水平位移作为监测项目,利用统计分析方法对这四类监测项目的控制值进行深入研究,并研究了变形值与基坑设计深度H的关系,针对两个区域基坑的四类监测项目分别提出了控制建议值。[结果及结论]这四类监测项目的控制建议值为:西部区域基坑建议分别取25~40 mm和0.10%H~0.20%H、15 mm、15 mm、25~40 mm和0.10%H~0.20%H;中东部区域基坑建议分别取30~50 mm和0.15%H~0.30%H、20 mm、20 mm、30~50 mm和0.15%H~0.30%H。

武汉协和医院质子医学中心结构设计及关键问题

武汉协和医院质子医学中心的建设对结构专业设计提出了特殊要求。详细介绍了项目概况、设计条件,阐述了基础与地下室以及上部结构的设计要点,包括桩基选型、结构分缝、结构方案、大跨等特殊部位处理方法等。针对质子区结构设计,重点论述了沉降控制、振动控制、辐射防护、吊装孔设计等关键问题。设计时通过合理设置结构缝、优化桩基础设计、采用大厚度墙板和重密度混凝土、设计特殊预制梁等措施,较好地解决了上述问题;并运用环境调研、数值模拟、现场实测等方法,取得了良好的效果;结构设计能够满足质子医院的建筑功能需求和特殊工艺要求。

可持续迭代的村镇人居环境设计体系研究

目的为建构可持续建设与有机更新下村镇人居环境设计的基本框架,揭示其在不同发展阶段、地域特征和建设主题下村镇人居样本的应对性设计原则与理论,总结村镇设计在经济、社会、技术影响下的迭代及在地化应变,探讨未来村镇人居环境设计的前沿模式。方法基于可视化文献分析法,对可持续村镇人居环境设计进行系统的脉络梳理,并根据可持续设计的路径推演、要素解析、模式特征进行村镇人居环境设计体系的框架搭建,提出村镇人居环境设计的基本原则与适配化设计技术路线。结果构建了可持续人居建设迭代下的村镇人居环境设计体系,通过解析可持续设计的基本构成要素,分析了村镇人居环境可持续设计的动力机制,揭示了其在需求侧、供给侧和承载侧的基本特征及三者的联动关系,提出了四项村镇人居环境可持续设计的基本原则,并总结出三点分类适配化设计思路。结论以综合设计视角,探讨未来中国村镇转型下的设计思想与技术脉络,根据时代背景、在地特征、未来场景,采取动态应变与适配的原则,提出可持续设计模式、方法与路径,为设计学相关研究者、决策者和执业人员提供理论梳理和实践指导。

综掘工作面混合式风流调控下的粉尘沉降研究

煤矿掘进过程中粉尘聚集严重,目前针对综掘工作面混合式风流调控下粉尘沉降规律及优化的研究还不够深入。基于混合式风流调控系统,依托陕煤集团神木柠条塔矿业有限公司综掘工作面,分析了压风口距工作面距离、压风口右偏角度、压风口口径、抽风口距工作面距离和压抽比等混合式风流调控参数对粉尘沉降规律的影响:随着压风口距工作面距离增加,司机处和回风侧行人呼吸带截面大颗粒粉尘占比先增后减再增,小颗粒粉尘占比增加;随着压风口右偏角度增加,司机处和回风侧行人呼吸带截面大颗粒粉尘占比变化明显;随着压风口口径增加,司机处截面小颗粒粉尘占比先增后减再增,回风侧行人呼吸带截面大颗粒粉尘占比先增后减;随着抽风口距工作面距离增加,司机处截面大颗粒粉尘占比先增后减,小颗粒粉尘占比先增后减再增,回风侧行人呼吸带截面粉尘粒径分布变化不大;随着压抽比增大,司机处和回风侧行人呼吸带截面小颗粒粉尘占比减小。以上述风流调控各参数为自变量,回风侧行人呼吸带全尘平均浓度和司机处呼尘平均浓度最低为优化目标,建立了粉尘沉降优化回归模型,利用粒子群优化算法求解模型,得到最优风流调控方案:压风口距工作面距离为8.9 m,压风口右偏角度为14.8°,压风口口径为0.9 m,抽风口距工作面距离为4.3 m,压抽比为1.1。搭建了风流调控下粉尘沉降实验平台,实验结果表明:测试值与粉尘沉降优化回归模型的模拟值误差在13%以内,验证了模型的准确性;优化后粒径为71~100μm的粉尘受风流调控参数影响明显,沉降在掘进机前方;优化后回风侧行人呼吸带全尘平均浓度和司机处呼尘平均浓度分别降低了47.4%和42.4%,降尘效果明显。

基于医保结算的耗材精细化管理策略

目的探讨高效的医用耗材精细化管理模式和方法,助力公立医院高质量发展。方法从科室人均卫材费用、病组人均费用、医保结回率入手,对各科室疾病诊断相关分组病种消耗、耗材采购价格及院内流通等进行管控;以住院患者人均总费用、人均卫材费用为指标进行效果比对。结果住院患者人均总费用和人均卫材费用分别下降8.55%和5.85%。结论在基础建设、医护人员、床位数相对恒定的状态下,通过医用耗材的精细化管理,可有效降低患者就医负担,提高医保支付率,提升医院核心竞争力。

工业广场保护煤柱开采井筒破损致因及防治技术

针对工业广场保护煤柱开采导致井筒破损的问题,以大社煤矿为工程背景,分析工广煤柱开采井筒围岩移动变形特征,揭示井筒破损致因;提出工广内后续工作面开采防治井筒破坏方案,形成相应的施工技术,并成功应用工程实践。研究表明:该矿工广内92606工作面邻近副井,开采引发的井筒竖向附加力是井筒破坏的致因;如不提前采取防治措施,后续92606外工作面开采,将导致副井井筒发生二次破坏;研究提出的不停产单卸压槽防治方案,具有不影响矿井生产、卸压率高、施工简单、成本低等优点。采用壁后注浆、开切卸压槽、架设密集井圈等技术,顺利完成了该矿不停产防治副井井筒破损工程。监测表明,该井筒竖向和环向应力,均小于井壁极限.承载力,处于安全状态,运行良好,达到了预期效果。

某高层剪力墙结构不均匀沉降分析及处理

无新增荷载情况下的持续不均匀沉降常常发生在地基有缺陷的高层建筑中,该类沉降产生的破坏是缓慢持续的。地基不均匀沉降会导致建筑物开裂、倾斜,进一步发生结构安全事故。依据某高层剪力墙结构以及不均匀沉降监测数据,采用ABAQUS建立该高层剪力墙结构三维有限元计算模型,分析不均匀沉降工况下上部结构的内力分布及整体变形发展规律。结果显示,有限元计算得到的模型内力增大位置与实际外墙主要开裂位置相吻合,整体沉降变形发展规律与现场实测数据基本一致,证明上部结构三维有限元模型的可行性。进一步建立剪力墙结构-桩筏基础-地基耦合计算模型,开展不同筏板厚度对整体结构不均匀沉降的影响分析。同时结合实际案例制定“增设筏板+补桩”处理方法,加固完成后监测数据显示房屋处于稳定状态,变形与裂缝均无发展。

大断面矩形顶管下穿管线MJS加固效果研究

郑州地铁3号线某车站8号出入口采用大断面矩形顶管施工,近距离垂直下穿DN2000污水管线,采用MJS工法对污水管线底部土体进行加固,对顶管过程的地表和管线位移进行实时监测,通过对比数值模拟和实测结果,验证数值模型的准确性和MJS管底土体加固措施的可行性。通过三维数值计算得出:采用MJS加固后的地表沉降、管线竖向位移、横向水平位移、弯矩和剪力比未加固土体分别减小53.59%、38.13%、73.3%、57.3%和48.02%,MJS能够明显提高管底土体承载力、密实度、强度和弹性模量,起到固定和保护管线的作用;进一步分析MJS的注浆置换率、加固宽度、加固深度对管线变形的影响,并给出置换率、加固宽度和加固深度建议值,为类似工程提供参考和借鉴。

基于皮尔逊相关系数法的盾构掘进参数对地表沉降影响分析

为研究盾构掘进参数对地表沉降的影响,结合北京地铁19号线某盾构工程的现场监测结果,运用皮尔逊相关系数法对盾构掘进参数对地表沉降影响进行线性回归的相关性分析,检验了线性相关的显著性水平,并针对盾构掘进参数的波动范围和造成的地表沉降规律进行统计分析,继而通过控制参数来实现地表沉降的精细化控制。结果表明:皮尔逊相关系数法在本工程中应用是可靠的,影响地表沉降的两个关键控制参数为同步注浆量、土压力,相关系数分别为0.52和0.41,其他参数与地表沉降表现为极弱相关;右线盾构的掘进参数较左线进行了更加精细化的控制,最优参数控制范围为平均值95%置信区间,最终使右线上方地表沉降较左线大幅度减小,稳定在6mm以内,通过参数精细化控制取得了良好的沉降控制效果。

超大直径盾构下穿高铁路基的沉降数值分析

为探究超大直径盾构隧道下穿城际铁路路基沉降规律,以中国武汉两湖隧道工程为例,基于Plaxis有限元软件,建立了铁路路基-土体-隧道的三维精细化数值模型,探讨盾构掘进过程中地层损失率、开挖面支护压力、盾尾注浆压力对隧道上方城际铁路路基沉降的影响.结果显示,盾构下穿复合地层的过程中,高铁路基道砟层表面在盾构掘进方向上会发生不同程度的沉降;当盾构掘进引起的地层损失率从1.0%增加到1.6%时,铁路路基的最大沉降从18.86 mm增加到22.71 mm,增大了20.4%;当开挖面支护力处于隧道拱顶侧向静止土压力的0.7~1.4倍时,不同工况下盾构掘进引起的铁路路基变形差异较小(小于0.67 mm);注浆压力对铁路路基的沉降影响明显,随着注浆压力增大,铁路路基的沉降明显减小.当隧道拱顶注浆压力增大到拱顶侧向静止土压力的3倍(648 kPa)或以上时,沿铁路路基的最大差异沉降未超过规范要求(≤5 mm/10 m).研究结果可为超大直径盾构下穿高铁路基时掘进参数的设置提供参考.

Study on the Evolution of Rural Settlement Landscapes on Guanzhong Plain of China

Overall figures of rural settlement landscapes on Guanzhong Plain were summarized,material components of these landscapes were classified into living landscape facilities and production landscape facilities,and then introduced respectively.From the perspective of rural central landscapes,rural yard landscapes,rural cluster landscapes and rural road landscapes,evolution of rural landscape spatial forms on Guanzhong Plain was analyzed.Moreover,problems of present rural landscapes were proposed,necessity and urgency of controlling evolution of rural settlement landscapes were stressed,and a rural landscape control mode in view of regional characteristics of Guanzhong Plain was given.

基于行驶舒适性的路桥过渡段差异沉降控制阈值

为解决传统路面结构路桥过渡段差异沉降过大和二次跳车问题,结合路桥工程实践,通过将桥头搭板放置一定深度和设置两级枕梁,并将桥头搭板与枕梁现浇在一起的方式,提出一种刚柔连续过渡的桥头搭板结构,用以改善桥头路基的应力分布及变形;同时为研究不同等级公路的路桥过渡段差异沉降控制阈值,给出量化指标,通过分析桥头跳车作用机理,根据车辆振动系统输入激励与输出响应的关系,建立二维五自由度车辆振动模型,并根据不同等级公路的路桥过渡段处治情况,建立相应的计算模型,编写程序求解人体加权加速度均方根值,根据人体舒适程度分级情况确定不同等级公路的路桥过渡段差异沉降控制阈值。结果表明:高速公路一级公路、二级公路和三级公路的路桥过渡段差异沉降控制阈值为将容许搭板纵坡变化值控制在0.30%~0.40%、0.40%~0.55%、0.50%~0.75%和0.95%~1.35%,四级公路的路桥过渡段差异沉降控制阈值为台阶高度控制在0.05m以内。

基于锚杆静压桩加固的超深基坑邻近建筑沉降控制技术

以某多层砌体结构基础加固施工为背景,阐述了锚杆静压桩在超深基坑邻近建筑沉降控制中的应用,重点介绍了锚杆静压桩分批压桩以配合超深基坑土方分层开挖的施工方法。该法采用PLC自动持荷系统,可对锚杆静压桩的长期持荷动态调整桩端压力。监测数据表明:此方法可有效控制超深基坑土方开挖过程中的邻近建筑物沉降,降低施工风险,可为类似项目提供借鉴。

基于有效控制抽水量和地面沉降的长江Ⅰ级阶地深基坑深井降水参数取值优化

针对目前深基坑深井降水研究中仅关注目标降深及相应地面沉降,未考虑满足目标降深条件下的有效控制抽水量问题,以武汉长江隧道明挖段深基坑深井降水工程为例,通过抽水试验分析了井管直径、进水段的相对位置b/M以及井的不完整程度l/M对基坑涌水量的影响,确定了止水帷幕长度、井管直径、过滤管有效长度和合理位置等降水参数,根据试验数据拟合出该地区非完整井涌水量经验公式;建立了控制抽水量和地面沉降的深基坑深井降水参数优化设计模型,求解Maxf(l)得出的过滤管长度,与抽水试验结果相近。结果表明:止水帷幕进入强透水层厚度2/3处时,其对基坑坑内抽水量和坑内外水位有控制作用;选用Φ250井管、过滤管设置在强透水层上部(b=0)、l/M值较小及附加阻力系数差(ξ_(1)-ξ_(2))最大时,基坑涌水量较小;q_(0)-l、Δq_(0)/Δl-l曲线中曲率最大点对应的过滤管长度范围为14.0~16.0 m,其对应的基坑涌水量q0最小;考虑井群干涉的影响,干涉井涌水量在基坑中心处最小、角点处最大。