Riverine Ecology Restoration through Ecological Engineering and Naturalization

[Objective] The aim was to improve and restore destroyed riverine and water ecosystem and to prevent bio-diversity from deteriorating in Jari demonstration plot in Ethiopia. [Method] Biological engineering and naturalization were made use of to protect nature and restore wetland as per Succession Theory. [Result] Both of eco- environment and eco-functions of Mille River were restored through reconstruction of biocenosis in wetlands. [Conclusion] It is feasible to implement matched ecological projects in semiarid regions in East Africa, providing references for restoration and protection of local water resources.

Did Ecological Engineering Projects Have a Significant Effect on Large-scale Vegetation Restoration in Beijing-Tianjin Sand Source Region, China？ A Remote Sensing Approach

Aiming for the restoration of degraded ecosystems, many ecological engineering projects have been implemented around the world. This study investigates the ecological engineering project effectiveness on vegetation restoration in the Beijing-Tianjin Sand Source Region(BTSSR) from 2000 to 2010 based on the rain use efficiency(RUE) trend in relation to the land cover. More than half of the BTSSR experienced a vegetation productivity increase from 2000 to 2010, with the increasing intensity being sensitive to the indicators chosen. A clear tendency towards smaller increasing areas was shown when using the net primary productivity(NPP, 51.30%) instead of the accumulated normalized difference vegetation index(59.30%). The short-term variation in the precipitation and intra-seasonal precipitation distribution had a great impact on the remote sensing-based vegetation productivity. However, the residual trends method(RESTREND) effectively eliminated this correlation, while incorporating the variance and skewness of the precipitation distribution increased the models′ ability to explain the vegetation productivity variation. The RUE combined with land cover dynamics was valid for the effectiveness assessment of the ecological engineering projects on vegetation restoration. Particularly, the result based on growing season accumulated normalized difference vegetation index(ΣNDVI) residuals was the most effective, showing that 47.39% of the BTSSR experienced vegetation restoration from 2000 to 2010. The effectiveness of the ecological engineering projects differed for each subarea and was proportional to the strength of ecological engineering. The water erosion region dominated by woodland showed the best restoration, followed by the wind-water erosion crisscross regions, while the wind erosion regions dominated by grassland showed the worst effect. Seriously degraded regions still cover more area in the BTSSR than restored regions. Therefore, more future effort should be put in restoring degraded land.

Effect Evaluation of Highway Ecological Restoration Engineering

Based on the current lack of ecological functional evaluation framework for highway ecological restoration engineering,this study comprehensively considered the negative impact of the highway engineering on the area along the highway under the guidance of restoration ecology,and the improvement and promotion of artificially constructed plant community to the highway ecology environment after restoration.With the ecological restoration function of artificially constructed plant community as the research emphasis,the landscape effect of the highway ecosystem and the key position of the ecosystem service function level in the assessment of ecological restoration effect were highlighted,and a relatively complete and targeted highway ecological restoration effect evaluation system was established.On this basis,this study selected the artificially constructed plant system in a highway ecological restoration project for research,and started with the ecological restoration effect evaluation of four types of ecological restoration objects,and comprehensively evaluated its ecological restoration effect according to the constructed evaluation system.The study found that although the highway ecological restoration engineering had certain effects in improving the plant community level and the ecosystem landscape level,there were still some problems in improving the ecosystem service function level in the short term.Therefore,in the future construction of highway engineering,it is suggested to take the protection and avoidance countmeasures as far as possible in line with the principle of "ecological benefits",in order to avoid strong disturbances to the highway ecosystem and realize the aim of "ecological highways" in the true sense.

Microbiome Engineering:A Promising Approach to Improve Coral Health

The world’s coral reefs are threatened by the cumulative impacts of global climate change and local stressors.Driven largely by a desire to understand the interactions between corals and their symbiotic microorganisms,and to use this knowledge to eventually improve coral health,interest in coral microbiology and the coral microbiome has increased in recent years.In this review,we summarize the role of the coral microbiome in maintaining a healthy metaorganism by providing nutrients,support for growth and development,protection against pathogens,and mitigation of environmental stressors.We explore the concept of coral microbiome engineering,that is,precise and controlled manipulation of the coral microbiome to aid and enhance coral resilience and tolerance in the changing oceans.Although coral microbiome engineering is clearly in its infancy,several recent breakthroughs indicate that such engineering is an effective tool for restoration and preservation of these valuable ecosystems.To assist with identifying future research targets,we have reviewed the common principles of microbiome engineering and its applications in improving human health and agricultural productivity,drawing parallels to where coral microbiome engineering can advance in the not-too-distant future.Finally,we end by discussing the challenges faced by researchers and practitioners in the application of microbiome engineering in coral reefs and provide recommendations for future work.

Restoration and Rational Use of Degraded Saline Reed Wetlands:A Case Study in Western Songnen Plain, China

The protection, restoration and sustainable use are key issues of all the wetlands worldwide. Ecological, agronomic, and engineering techniques have been integrated in the development of a structurally sound, ecologically beneficial engineering restoration method for restoring and utilizing a degraded saline wetland in the western Songnen Plain of China. Hydrological restoration was performed by developing a system of biannual irrigation and drainage using civil engineering measures to bring wetlands into contact with river water and improve the irrigation and drainage system in the wetlands. Agronomic measures such as plowing the reed fields, reed rhizome transplantation, and fertilization were used to restore the reed vegetation. Biological measures, including the release of crab and fish fry and natural proliferation, were used to restore the aquatic communities. The results of the restoration were clear and positive. By the year 2009, the reed yield had increased by 20.9 times. Remarkable ecological benefits occurred simultaneously. Vegetation primary-production capacity increased, local climate regulation and water purification enhanced, and biodiversity increased. This demonstration of engineering techniques illustrates the basic route for the restoration of degraded wetlands, that the biodiversity should be reconstructed by the comprehensive application of engineering, biological, and agronomic measures based on habitat restoration under the guidance of process-oriented strategies. The complex ecological system including reeds, fish and crabs is based on the biological principles of coexistence and material recycling and provides a reasonable ecological engineering model suitable for the sustainable utilization of degraded saline reed wetlands.

Current re-vegetation patterns and restoration issues in degraded geological phosphorus-rich mountain areas:A synthetic analysis of Central Yunnan, SW China

China has the largest area of inland geological phosphorus-rich(GPR) mountains in the world, where vegetation restoration is key to safeguarding the environment. We reviewed the published literature and collected new data in order to analyze re-vegetation patterns and the status of plant communities in central Yunnan. The aim of our analysis was to suggest future improvements to restoration strategies in GPR mountain regions. Our results showed that spontaneous recovery was the most widespread type of restoration. N-fixing species such as Coriaria nepalensis and Alnus nepalensis play a vital role in succession. In the past, monoculture tree plantation was the primary method used in afforestation activities in central Yunnan; in recent years however, several different methods of restoration have been introduced including the use of agroforestry systems. For practical restoration, we found that spontaneous recovery was capable of delivering the best results, but that during its early stages, restoration results were affected by several factors including erosion risk, the origin of propagates and environmental variation. In contrast, methods employing human-made communities performed better in their early stages, but were constrained by higher costs and vulnerability to degradation and erosion. The use of N-fixing species such as A. nepalensis and Acacia mearnsii in plantations were unsuccessful in restoring full ecosystem functions. The success of restoration activities in GPR mountain regions could be improved through the following measures:(1) developing a better understanding of the respective advantages and disadvantages of current natural and human-engineered restoration approaches;(2) elucidating the feedback mechanism between phosphorus-rich soil and species selected for restoration, especially N-fixing species;(3) introducing market incentives aimed at encouraging specific restoration activities such as agroforestry, and improving the industry value chain.

Relationship between multi-scale climate factors and performance of ecological engineering on the Loess Plateau, China

The long-term “Grain-to-Green Program” (GGP) on China’s Loess Plateau is a major global ecological engineering project which has significantly boosted vegetation renewal. Some studies have found that the rate of restoration is quite rapid during the implementation of ecological engineering, however, the influence of multi-scale climatic conditions on the performance of ecological engineering is unclear. In this study, multiple sources of remote sensing data were used to estimate the dynamics of vegetation structural and functional indicators, water-related local climatic factors, and atmospheric circulation factors. These datasets were also used to detect possible causes for vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau over the past 20 years. The results show that widespread increases in rates of normalized difference vegetation indexes (NDVI), leaf area indexes (LAI), gross primary production (GPP), and aboveground biomass carbon (ABC) during 2000–2016 were significantly higher than before 2000. GPP was significantly correlated with rainfall and surface runoff on a monthly scale, and there were significant positive correlations between GPP and atmospheric circulation. Our results demonstrate that both vegetation structural and functional indicators rapidly increase, and ecological engineering greatly accelerated vegetation restoration after 2000. Local climatic conditions and atmospheric circulation patterns enhance vegetation growth and impact of ecological engineering.

Experimental Study on Afforestation in the Engineering Treatment Areas in the Hydro-fluctuation Zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir:A Case Study on the Engineering Treatment Area in the Wuxi Section of the Daning River

Through the Betula nigra afforestation test in the engineering treatment area of the Wuxi Section of the Daning River in Chongqing,the feasibility of arbor vegetation restoration in the comprehensive management of the engineering treatment areas of the Three Gorges Reservoir was explored.The results showed that:(1)before the flooding in the project area,the survival rate of B.nigra seedlings was high,over 95%,and(2)in 2021,after a water storage period,affected by factors such as seedling specifications,flood and flooding time,the survival rate of the seedlings planted in 2020 was low,and the one-year-old seedlings were greatly competed by weeds and grew less.Two-year-old B.nigra seedlings were replanted in 2021,and the survival rate of the B.nigra seedlings was 100%in 2022.Two-year-old B.nigra seedlings have strong adaptability and have little impact on the stability of the engineering treatment area,and can be used as afforestation tree species in engineering treatment areas of hydro-fluctuation zones.

Hyaluronic acid hydrogel: a promising scaffold for restoration in the central nervous system

Injury in the central nervous system (CNS), stroke in the brain and trauma in the spinal cord in particular, may result in permanent disability of the patients, since CNS axons do not regenerate appreciably in their native environment due to several inhibitory molecules in the extracellular environment. Therefore, no effective clinical therapies so far are convincingly accepted for CNS injuries. Tissue engineering strategies employing biomaterials are now considered as a promising approach for restoration of these injuries, and hydrogel-based biomaterials are widely employed in this field. Among them, many studies have proven that hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel is a reliable and effective biomaterial, which can be a well compatible scaffold with CNS tissue and creating a good microenvironment of neural regeneration in the CNS tissue. The aim of this review is to outline how to use HA-based scaffolds to build up a suitable microenvironment of neural regeneration and restoration after CNS injury, and thereby to indicate the HA hydrogel is a promising scaffold for restoration in the CNS.

Preliminary Study on River Landscape Ecological Restoration Project

In the process of urbanization, along with industrial development and population growth, demand of water is rapidly increasing, causing water shortages. Some rivers, lakes, wetlands and other water bodies are invaded, as well as the demise of the transformation has been a serious threat to the survival and development of human society. Therefore, river restoration is one of the hot researches in recent years. In this paper, the author made a preliminary summary on river restoration and repair, technology and related engineering examples in order to promote domestic demand for river restoration longitudinal in-depth study and fry to raise the domestic ecological restoration in future research directions： River ecological restoration is a long process. The design process should be integrated into the concept of sustainable development and build a public participation platform integrated with experts, designers, and user. And river restoration technology and related engineering examples literature play the role of reference and guidance on the selection of the river restoration project technical measures.

某冶炼铜渣综合回收铜铁的实验研究

这是一篇冶金工程领域的论文。某铜冶炼渣浮选尾渣中铁品位为37.42%,铜品位为1.86%,根据其矿石性质特点,采用烟煤作为还原剂,应用直接还原焙烧-磁选工艺回收铜尾渣中铜铁,实验结果表明:将铜冶炼渣、烟煤和生石灰(作为助还原剂)按100∶25∶20的质量比混合,在焙烧温度定1 200℃,时间为80 min,磨矿细度为-0.045 mm 80%,磁场强度为0.139 T条件下可获得铁品位为90.98%,铁回收率为90.13%,铜品位为5.82%、铜回收率为87.38%的含铜铁精矿,实现了冶炼渣铜中铜铁的综合回收。

一株新型Lysinibacillus fusiformis菌株G5M11b对Cr(Ⅵ)的还原性能研究

为了筛选对Cr(Ⅵ)有强耐性的菌株,并确定其最佳还原条件,通过驯化、筛选后得到耐铬菌株,利用形态特征、16S rDNA序列测定对其进行鉴定,进而建立响应曲面模型分析温度、pH值、质量分数对菌株还原效果的影响。结果显示,菌株与纺缍形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)G5M11b型系统发育关系接近,将其命名为LfCr6,菌株的最佳还原条件温度为27.42℃,pH值为6.78,菌株质量分数为4%。通过响应曲面模型预测出该菌对100 mg/L Cr(Ⅵ)的还原率可达80.2%。这表明LfCr6菌株可以耐受高质量浓度Cr(Ⅵ)且具有良好的Cr(Ⅵ)还原能力。该菌株为微生物修复Cr(Ⅵ)污染环境提供了可能的菌种资源。

城市小微湿地生态修复——以九江市十里河小微湿地为例

利用小微湿地生态恢复技术修复九江市十里河河段历史河流湿地环境。文中通过实施微地形设计、土壤处理、黏土坝和溢洪道设计和植被群落设计等工程措施,增加湿地水量、净化水体,提高河道土壤湿度饱和度,改善野生动物栖息地环境,提高城市的生态环境质量。研究城市小微湿地生态修复技术,旨在为我国其他城市小微湿地建设和水环境治理提供经验和借鉴。

青藏高原重大工程地质环境扰损机制及生态修复技术体系

青藏高原是我国重要生态屏障区及战略资源基地。近年来,国家在建和拟建的一大批重大工程乃至世纪超级工程都集中分布在青藏高原,在迎来巨大发展机遇的同时,因其地质环境复杂性和生态环境敏感脆弱性,也带来了系列生态地质环境问题,需迫切解决扰损问题识别与影响机制、生态韧性技术、工艺及装备系列“卡脖子”难题。本研究在厘清青藏高原重大工程建设对生态地质环境的主要影响与作用方式基础上,初步构建了青藏高原重大工程建设生态地质环境问题识别与修复技术体系:(1)开展脆弱生态地质环境多尺度全要素系统调查,建立重大工程生态地质环境问题识别与诊断技术;(2)通过“地质-材料-生态-工程”多学科交叉研究突破,解决地质体-工程结构-生物体互馈机理,探明韧性生物技术-工程强度有机适配动态再平衡过程机制与地质灾害防治生态耐久提升与自维护机制;(3)构建碎裂地质体疏排止水、陡立坡面抗冻融、大型松散堆积体渣土熟化-大气集水补灌等多类型复杂场景生态修复模式,研发低碳注浆、矿物-微生物渣土熟化成壤、高分子聚合物冻融促强、干旱区大气集水等高原寒旱山区生态修复新材料,构建近自然植生层重构生态修复技术,研制配套智能化、一体化装备;(4)建立“方案组合-设计优化-生物适配-耐久提升”有机配置技术,提升生态修复自适应维护能力。研究以期为青藏高原重大工程建设生态地质环境影响的总体认识,以及未来生态修复工程方案制定、技术配置、建设工程布局和生态修复耐久性评估、长期监测相关研究提供科学参考和技术支撑。

引江补汉工程丹江口下游近坝段枯水期通航水位恢复试验研究

引江补汉工程补水口位于丹江口大坝下游安乐河出口约5 km处,且补水量与调水量基本一致,工程对航道的影响主要体现在减水段,为恢复枯水期通航水位需要开展航道综合治理。利用河工模型试验论证了综合治理方案的效果,并对方案进行了优化及进一步论证。结果表明,减水-补水212 m 3/s方案尾门水位分别为86.47、85.90 m条件下,引航道口—黄家港段水位下降,黄家港以下水位保持不变,其中引航道口水位下降幅度最大,分别下降0.08、0.19 m;综合治理方案1实施后引航道口水位下降均为0.02 m,减水段的水位仍未恢复至调水前的水平,主因是从安乐河口补水的水流并未能进入到左侧主航道内;基于试验研究结果,建议对综合治理方案进行优化,在沧浪洲出水口下沿布置2道护底带;通过试验论证了护底带的4个高程,建议护底带高程为85.5 m,并对护底带高程进一步细化论证;优化后的方案可使引航道口至黄家港段的水位略超过调水前的水平,其中引航道口处最大水位抬高0.06 m。

基于震后复旧工程的断裂带区域轨道设计借鉴

针对兰新高铁震后轨道伤损评估及复旧工程设计无章可依且无经验可借鉴的情况,基于震后复旧工程设计,对断裂带区域轨道结构选型与设计有关经验进行分析。除大梁隧道F5断裂外,钢轨扭曲变形及扣件破坏主要发生在硫磺沟大桥上,是由地震荷载下桥梁支座螺栓剪断后梁体移位落梁,相邻梁体变形差异大引起。道床板存在局部1~2 m范围碎裂,主要与地震横波、纵波传递过程中的叠加有关。个别段落出现轨道不平顺超限的情况,主要是受线下基础类型和地质条件差异等因素影响。震后复旧工程应首先基于基准点的测设与平差开展区域性线形重构与拟合;断裂带区域轨道设防长度根据有砟轨道养护维修最小段落长度确定,不能满足震后轨道结构的调整需求,建议结合预估错位量及线路拟合范围、轨道调整能力综合确定;近断裂带区域无砟轨道建议采用无挡肩轨枕,在地震情况下使扣件弹条或者锚固螺栓发生破坏,而轨枕保持完整,以降低震后复旧工程难度及代价;为确保特殊条件下的整治效果,建议采取特种整治措施。

国土空间生态修复专项规划技术路径探讨——以荆州市为例

解析传统生态规划存在的问题,提炼出新时期生态规划转型趋势,以及“综合评估—明确目标指标及生态保护格局—统筹生态修复总体布局—强化传导实施”的国土空间生态修复专项规划技术路线。以荆州市为例探讨国土空间生态修复专项规划技术路径,即针对其存在的生态问题,借助大数据及GEE云平台等新技术手段,通过综合评估形成“生态问题一张图”、明确目标指标并构建生态保护网络格局、谋划“空间—工程—项目”系统化布局、多元机制保障落地实施等,统筹推进国土空间全域生态保护修复。

喀斯特区土石工程堆积体坡面植被恢复评价

[目的]对喀斯特区土石工程堆积体坡面植被恢复进行评价,以期为喀斯特区工程堆积体生态修复提供基础理论支撑,并为生态文明建设提供参考依据。[方法]选取喀斯特区不同恢复年限(3,5,7 a)及不同植被类型(草地及草灌混交)的公路线性土石工程堆积体为研究对象,运用主成分分析法,选取石砾含量、土壤物理参数、土壤化学指标、水力学参数及植物群落指标构建评价指标体系,分析了土石工程堆积体坡面植被恢复特征与各生态影响因子之间的互作关系。[结果](1)喀斯特区土石工程堆积体坡面植被恢复过程是一个不断对资源和空间重新分配的过程,随着恢复时间的增加,坡面植被物种丰富度逐渐降低,群落的优势种越来越明显。(2)土壤有机质、自然含水率和饱和导水率是影响土石工程堆积坡面植被恢复初期的主要因子,而植被恢复又有助于改善其坡面土壤结构状况及养分含量,其坡面植被恢复的前期重点是如何改善坡面土壤水力学特性。(3)喀斯特区土石工程堆积体坡面先锋植被群落构建阶段的植被恢复模式可采取草灌混交,后逐步考虑增加乔木,同时适当搭配一定的深根植物。[结论]改善坡面土壤水力学特性有助于喀斯特区土石工程堆积体坡面初期植被恢复,可采取先草灌混交、后逐步搭配深根乔木的植被恢复模式。

“双碳”背景下公路裸露边坡生态修复的几点思考

为掌握“双碳”背景下公路边坡生态修复的相关研究,文中基于CNKI、Web of Science等数据库及工程实践经验,从边坡恢复生态系统固碳潜力及其影响因素、植被对边坡工程稳定性的影响、边坡恢复生态系统稳定性的研究这几个方面,对边坡生态修复领域研究现状进行了分析讨论,指出目前还存在边坡植被固碳尚且没有统一结论、缺乏生态系统长期稳定性的评价方法及数据等问题,并对此提出相关建议。

浙江省松阳县亚热带森林干扰与恢复遥感监测

【目的】浙江省松阳县森林资源丰富,碳汇潜力大,是百山祖国家公园三级联动区,因此监测松阳县森林干扰与恢复,对松阳区域森林管理和百山祖国家公园生态环境保护具有重要意义。【方法】采用谷歌地球引擎(GEE)云平台的LandTrendr算法,并结合1987—2020年Landsat卫星遥感时间序列数据,监测浙江省松阳县1987—2020年森林干扰与恢复状况,分析森林干扰与恢复的时空特征。【结果】①LandTrendr算法监测森林干扰与恢复的总体精度达到82%,森林干扰与恢复的生产精度、用户精度均高于80%,表明松阳县森林干扰与恢复监测效果较好。②松阳县森林干扰与恢复总面积分别达148.14与236.86 km^(2),分别占林地面积的12.74%和20.37%,表明松阳县1987—2020年森林面积呈净增加趋势。③松阳县大东坝镇、板桥畲族乡、新兴镇、玉岩镇森林变化较为频繁,森林干扰与恢复面积均比其他乡(镇)高,尤其是大东坝镇森林面积变化最大,增加了20.04 km^(2)。【结论】基于GEE云平台的LandTrendr算法实现了松阳县森林干扰精准监测。近30 a松阳县森林面积总体呈增加趋势。