Effect of High Temperature Curing on the Frost Resistance of Recycled Aggregate Concrete and the Physical Properties of Second-Generation Recycled Coarse Aggregate under Freeze-Thaw Cycles

With the emphasis on environmental issues,the recycling of waste concrete,even recycled concrete,has become a hot spot in the field of architecture.But the repeated recycling of waste concrete used in harsh environments is still a complex problem.This paper discusses the durability and recyclability of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)as a prefabricated material in the harsh environment,the effect of high-temperature curing(60℃,80℃,and 100℃)on the frost resistance of RAC and physical properties of the second generation recycled coarse aggregate(RCA_(2))of RAC after 300 freeze-thaw cycles were studied.The frost resistance of RAC was characterized by compressive strength,relative dynamic elastic modulus,and mass loss.As the physical properties of RCA_(2),the apparent density,water absorption,and crushing value were measured.And the SEM images of RAC after 300 freeze-thaw cycles were shown.The results indicated that the frost resistance of RAC cured at 80℃ for 7 days was comparable to that cured in the standard condition(cured for 28 days at 20℃±2℃ and 95%humidity),and the RAC cured at 100℃ was slightly worse.However,the frost resistance of RAC cured at 60℃ deteriorated seriously.The RAC cured at 80℃ for 7 days is the best.Whether after the freeze-thaw cycle or not,the RCA that curd at 60℃,80℃,and 100℃ for 7 days can also meet the requirements of Grade III RCA and be used as the aggregate of non-bearing part of prefabricated concrete components.RCA_(2) which is cured at 80℃ for 7 days had the best physical properties.

Effect of Recycled Coarse Aggregate on Concrete Compressive Strength

The effect of recycled coarse aggregate on concrete compressive strength was investigated based on the concrete skeleton theory. For this purpose, 30 mix proportions of concrete with target cube compressive strength ranging from 20 to 60 MPa were cast with normal coarse aggregate and recycled coarse aggregate from different strength parent concretes. Results of 28-d test show that the strength of different types of recycled aggregate affects the concrete strength obviously. The coarse aggregate added to mortar matrix plays a skeleton role and improves its compressive strength. The skeleton effect of coarse aggregate increases with the increasing strength of coarse aggregate, and normal coarse aggregate plays the highest, whereas the lowest concrete strength occurs when using the weak recycled coarse aggregate. There is a linear relationship between the concrete strength and the corresponding mortar matrix strength. Coarse aggregate skeleton formula is established, and values from experimental tests match the derived expressions.

Performance Degradation of the Repeated Recycled Aggregate Concrete with 70% Replacement of Three-generation Recycled Coarse Aggregate

The feasibility of using different generations recycled coarse aggregate（RCA） on structural concrete was fully evaluated by studying the performance of the recycled coarse aggregates and their corresponding concretes, the different generations of RCA were recycled by following the repeated mode of ‘concrete-waste concrete-coarse aggregate-concrete＇. Moreover, the focus was on ‘three generations＇ of repeated RCAs, the RCA was produced by crushing and regenerating the artificial accelerated degraded concrete, the process was designed to follow the nature degradation of the concrete with a coupling action of accelerated carbonation and bending load. The properties of x-generation（x=1, 2 or 3） of repeated RCA were systematically investigated and the compressive and splitting tensile strengths of relating structural concretes（with 70% replacement of x-generation of RCA） were studied accordingly. The results show a competent compressive and splitting tensile strength of 30 MPa at 28 th day of structural concretes with all generations of repeated RAC. And the gradual degraded performance of the repeated RCAs was observed with an increased numbers of repetition（1〉2〉3 generations）, the overall performances of all repeated RCAs fulfill the Class Ⅲ according to Chinese Standards GB25177-2010. Our gained insight demonstrates a feasibility of using at least 3 generations of repeated RCA for the production of normal structural concrete.

Different Curing Systems on Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High Performance Concrete with Coarse Aggregate

High durability and high tensile strength makes ultra-high performance concrete( UHPC) an ideal material for bridges,while its early shrinkage in the construction of cast-in-situ mass concrete leads structure crack-easily,which restricts the application of UHPC in deck system. Whether reasonable amount of coarse aggregate can influence the strength of UHPC and improve the shrinkage performance or reduce the cost is still in doubt. Besides,in order to improve its constructability and workability, whether autoclaved curing system of UHPC can be changed remains to be further researched. In response to these circumstances, a systematic experimental study on the strength of UHPC mixed with coarse aggregate in different ratios has been presented in this paper. The three curing systems,namely standard curing,180-200 ℃/1. 1 MPa autoclaved curing,and hot water curing were tested to reveal the relationship between UHPC's properties and curing systems,and the UHPC ' s microstructure was also preliminarily studied by scanning electron microscope( SEM). The experimental research can draw the following conclusions. Under the condition of the same mix ratio, autoclaved curing guarantees the highest compressive strength,followed by hot water curing and standard curing. The compressive strength of concrete increases with the temperature in the range of 25 to 90 ℃ hot water curing,and high temperature in precuring period can speed up the strength development of UHPC,but the sequence of precuring period does not obviously affect the results. In 90 ℃ hot water and autoclaved curing,the strength is over 150 MPa,and it has little relation with gravel ratio. While the value increases first and then decreases in a lower temperature curing with the increasing of gravel amount,even only about 80 MPa at room temperature. The strength increases moderately along with the increase of the curing age by standard curing,especially in the initial stage.

Finite Element Analysis on the Uniaxial Compressive Behavior of Concrete with Large-Size Recycled Coarse Aggregate

To model the concrete with complex internal structure of concrete with large sized aggregates the effect of internal structure on uniaxial compression behavior are studied.Large-sized recycled aggregates behave differently in the concrete matrix.To understand the influence on concrete matrix,a finite element model was developed to model recycled aggregate concrete composed of multiple randomly distributed irregular aggregates and cement mortar.The model was used to calculate the effect of large-size recycled coarse aggregate(LRCA)on the strength of recycled aggregate concrete and simulate the compressive strength of cubes and prisms.The factors such as the strength of new concrete,the strength of old concrete,the defective element content,the shape of LRCA,the incorporation ratio of LRCA and the size of LRCA that can affect the strength of concrete are analyzed in this paper.Results showed that the influence of various factors on concrete strength are in the following desend-ing order:(i)strength of newly poured concrete;(ii)original strength of recycled aggregates;and(iii)defects.It can be seen that the cracking of the phase material elements starts along the bonding zones between gravel and mortar or the new and old mortar,then spreads to mortar and finally to LRCA.The cracking tendency is most significant in LRCA,which means that the fracturing is related to the fracture of the LRCA.After evaluating the variations in strength and quality of the recycled concrete,the influences on concrete strength and quality were studied.The results showed that the proposed concrete model with LRCA was successfully applied to studying the uniaxial compressive behavior of concrete with large-size recycled coarse aggregate.

Effect of Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate with Electronic Waste Plastic in Light Weight Concrete

This study assessed the usefulness of the replacement of coarse aggregate partially with electronic waste(e-waste)plastic in lightweight concrete since developing countries have been challenged with management of e-waste as well as high cost of coarse aggregates for concrete production.Coarse aggregates were replaced with e-waste plastic in concrete at 5%,10%,15%,and 20% for a concrete class of C20.The particle size distribution of the e-waste plastic aggregates was determined as well as the slump,compressive strength,water absorption and bulk density of the concrete.Generally,the slump decreased as the e-waste increased.The compressive strengths decreased for the 5%and 10%replacement of coarse aggregates with e-waste but increased for the 15% and 20% replacement of coarse aggregate with e-waste.0% water absorption was obtained for the 15% and 20% e-waste content while the 10%e-waste concrete obtained 0.01% and the 5% e-waste obtaining of 0.013% after 28days of curing.The densities of 5%,10%,15% and 20% e-waste plastic content decreased as compared to the 0% e-waste plastic content.The values of compressive strength obtained showed that coarse aggregate replacements by e-waste plastic at 15% and 20% may be appropriate for lightweight concrete of class C20/25 since compressive strengths ranged between 16.09 Nmm^(-2) and 22.87 Nmm^(-2).This implies that partial replacement of coarse aggregate with e-waste plastic may be useful for lightweight concrete as well as helping in eradicating the environment of the menace of e-waste plastic.

Chloride diffusion in concrete with carbonated recycled coarse aggregates under biaxial compression

Chloride attack on concrete structures is affected by the complex stress state inside concrete,and the effect of recycled aggregates renders this process more complex.Enhancing the chloride resistance of recycled concrete in a complex environment via carbonization facilitates the popularization and application of recycled concrete and alleviates the greenhouse effect.In this study,the chloride ion diffusion and deformation properties of recycled concrete after carbonization are investigated using a chloride salt load-coupling device.The results obtained demonstrate that the chloride ion diffusivity of recycled concrete first decreases and then increases as the compressive load increases,which is consistent with the behavior of concrete,in that it first undergoes compressive deformation,followed by crack propagation.Carbonation enhances the performance of the recycled aggregates and reduces their porosity,thereby reducing the chloride diffusion coefficient of the recycled concrete under different compressive load combinations.The variation in the chloride ion diffusivity of the carbonized recycled aggregate concrete with the load is consistent with a theoretical formula.

Effects of coarse and fine aggregates on long-term mechanical properties of sea sand recycled aggregate concrete

Typical effects of coarse and fine aggregates on the long-term properties of sea sand recycled aggregate concrete(SSRAC)are analyzed by a series of axial compression tests.Two different types of fine(coarse)aggregates are considered:sea sand and river sand(natural and recycled coarse aggregates).Variations in SSRAC properties at different ages are investigated.A novel test system is developed via axial compression experiments and the digital image correlation method to obtain the deformation field and crack development of concrete.Supportive results show that the compressive strength of SSRAC increase with decreasing recycled coarse aggregate replacement percentage and increasing sea sand chloride ion content.The elastic modulus of SSRAC increases with age.However,the Poisson’s ratio reduces after 2 years.Typical axial stress-strain curves of SSRAC vary with age.Generally,the effect of coarse aggregates on the axial deformation of SSRAC is clear;however,the deformation differences between coarse aggregate and cement mortar reduce by adopting sea sand.The aggregate type changes the crack characteristics and propagation of SSRAC.Finally,an analytical expression is suggested to construct the long-term stress-strain curve of SSRAC.

再生粗骨料混凝土应力-应变关系

再生粗骨料混凝土应力-应变关系是实现其材料到结构力学分析的桥梁纽带,成为再生粗骨料混凝土结构基础理论的基石。介绍了作者团队多年来在再生粗骨料混凝土应力-应变关系方面取得的研究进展:采用模型化再生粗骨料方法,研究了复杂界面过渡区对再生粗骨料混凝土破坏行为的影响,揭示了再生粗骨料混凝土细观损伤本质与演化机理;从静力作用到动力作用,系统地开展了不同工况下再生粗骨料混凝土应力-应变行为试验研究,探明了载荷条件对再生粗骨料混凝土应力与变形的影响规律并建立了相适应的力学与数学模型;进一步考虑再生粗骨料性能时空变异性,发现了再生粗骨料混凝土力学响应的概率分布特征,提出了再生粗骨料混凝土随机损伤本构关系;基于获得的本构模型,完成了再生粗骨料混凝土构件时变可靠度分析和结构动力非线性分析,为再生粗骨料混凝土在实际工程中的安全应用提供了理论支撑;提炼了相关研究结论并对未来研究工作进行了展望。

粗集料对超高强混凝土徐变的影响

徐变是混凝土固有的时变特性,对混凝土结构和构件的受力及长期服役性能有着重大影响。以粗集料为切入点,研究粗集料的掺量、粗集料最大粒径以及粗集料与基体性质协调性等因素对超高强混凝土的力学性能和徐变性能的影响。结果表明:掺粗集料的超高强混凝土徐变明显小于不掺粗集料的混凝土,掺粗集料可有效降低超高强混凝土的徐变,但减小粗集料的最大粒径对徐变无明显抑制效果。此外,超高强混凝土并非强度越高徐变越小,其徐变的大小主要受超高强混凝土强度与弹性模量的协同发展程度的影响。通过修正FIB MC2010模型,建立了适用于超高强混凝土的徐变预测模型。

MMA强化再生粗骨料混凝土力学性能试验研究

目的为了提高再生粗骨料混凝土的性能,扩大再生粗骨料混凝土在工程中的使用范围。方法采用聚合物-甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)单体浸渍,然后聚合的方法对再生粗骨料进行了强化研究。对聚合温度、聚合时间、再生粗骨料含水率等因素对MMA强化再生粗骨料效果的影响及强化后的再生粗骨料对再生粗骨料混凝土力学性能的影响进行了分析。结果研究结果表明:MMA强化再生粗骨料时的最佳聚合温度为60℃,最佳聚合时间为24 h,MMA强化可以有效改善再生粗骨料的吸水率和压碎指标等物理性能,对再生粗骨料进行预干燥处理可以使再生粗骨料的吸水率和压碎指标等物理性能得到进一步提升;MMA强化处理后的再生粗骨料混凝土3d、7d、14d和28d立方体抗压强度分别比普通再生粗骨料混凝土提高了26.9%,20.3%,21.4%,23.9%,轴心抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度和弹性模量等力学性能分别比普通再生粗骨料混凝土提高了20.9%、14.7%、12.2%和8.3%,同时再生粗骨料混凝土的延性也得到了显著改善。结论MMA单体浸渍,然后进行聚合的方法可以有效改善再生粗骨料性能,从而提高再生粗骨料混凝土的力学性能。

微波强化粗骨料再生混凝土性能试验研究

借助微波辅助机械工艺对再生粗骨料进行强化,以取代率和龄期作为变量对制作的强化再生混凝土进行宏观、微观试验分析其力学性能。研究结果表明:强化再生混凝土与天然骨料混凝土的破坏形态相似,其抗压强度较未强化再生混凝土有所提升,试件的峰值应变、极限应变、弹性模量虽有变化,但仍优于未强化再生混凝土;在微观方面,微波强化技术改善了再生粗骨料自身的缺陷,使其更接近天然骨料。这些结果验证了微波辅助机械强化再生粗骨料的优越性,在一定条件下强化再生粗骨料可替代天然骨料再次利用。

再生粗骨料取代率及粒径对混凝土抗压性能影响试验研究

为研究单轴受压情况下再生粗骨料粒径范围、取代率对再生混凝土抗压性能的影响规律,分别以粒径范围5~10、10~20和20~31.5 mm,以及取代率分别为0%、10%、30%和50%为参量设计制作再生混凝土棱柱体试件,并对其开展单轴抗压性能试验研究。结果表明:在取代率相同时,粒径范围为5~10 mm时再生混凝土的抗压强度及峰值应变均比粒径范围为10~20、20~31.5 mm时的大;在粒径范围相同情况下,随取代率增大,再生混凝土抗压强度呈现出逐渐减小的变化趋势,而峰值应变则呈现出逐渐增大的变化趋势。根据试验数据,得出了再生混凝土抗压强度和峰值应变的函数关系式。

偏高岭土强化废弃砖粗骨料再生混凝土的性能研究

随着我国基建的大力发展,大量的老旧建筑因承载能力不足而被拆除,废弃材料也急剧增多,同时,天然灾害也是建筑物被破坏的重要因素,它会影响建筑材料的使用寿命。废砖占建筑垃圾很大部分,废弃砖的抗压、抗拉性能差,极易破碎被废弃。废弃砖骨料经过破碎、清洗、筛分后被用作再生粗骨料。为研究废弃砖骨料替代率、偏高岭土替代水泥的量、废弃砖再生混凝土的力学及耐久性能,通过SEM电镜等方式,对废弃砖再生骨料混凝土的微观结构进行研究,根据试验发现废弃粘土砖替代率为30%,偏高岭土的掺量为6%时抗压强度最高,再生混凝土的抗氯离子性能较好。

含粗骨料超高性能混凝土的单轴受拉力学性能

考虑粗骨料掺量、钢纤维掺量及长径比等因素,研究了含粗骨料超高性能混凝土(UHPC-CA)的单轴受拉力学性能,揭示了纤维增强的机理和粗骨料的作用机制.结果表明:随着粗骨料掺量的增加,UHPC-CA的单轴抗拉强度与变形性能均下降;钢纤维掺量增加、长径比增大对UHPC-CA的受拉力学性能有较大的提升作用;钢纤维与基体间具有良好的握裹力,在基体内出现裂缝后,主要依靠握裹作用承受拉应力;粗骨料的掺入削弱了钢纤维空间分布的均匀性,同时引入了薄弱的粗骨料-基体界面过渡区,对UHPC-CA的受拉性能产生了不利的影响.

粗骨料形态特征表征参数及其与混凝土性能关系的研究进展

粗骨料在混凝土中起骨架作用,是制备混凝土的重要原材料。粗骨料的形态特征直接影响混凝土中骨料间的堆积状态、排列方式、接触形式以及粗骨料与水泥砂浆的粘结性能,从而对混凝土的工作性能、力学性能和耐久性能造成显著影响。近年来,随着天然砂石资源逐渐稀缺,再生粗骨料和珊瑚粗骨料等绿色环保骨料逐渐用于混凝土中,但不同种类粗骨料之间的形态特征往往差异较大。因此建立粗骨料的形态特征表征体系以及明确其与混凝土性能之间的关系,有助于实现粗骨料的高品质利用以及混凝土配合比的优化及性能提升。本文基于粗骨料的形状、棱角和表面质地等形态特征,系统总结了粗骨料形态特征的表征参数及参数测量方法,对目前所采用的粗骨料形态特征的数值分析、重构方法及其适用范围进行了分析,最后讨论了粗骨料形态特征参数与混凝土性能之间的定量关系,并基于以上分析,提出了需要进一步研究的内容。

矿物掺合料对再生混凝土抗冻性与可再生性的影响

为探究矿物掺合料对再生混凝土抗冻性与可再生性的影响,本文选取硅灰、粉煤灰和粒化高炉矿渣三种矿物掺和料,通过不同掺量组合制备了五组不同胶凝体系的再生混凝土。采用快冻法对再生混凝土进行冻融试验,通过测定冻融过程中再生混凝土的相对动弹性模量、质量损失率和抗压强度损失率评价其抗冻性,采用SEM观察冻融后再生混凝土的微观结构。此外,对冻融后的再生混凝土进行破碎,获得二代再生粗骨料,并依据其表观密度、压碎值、坚固值和吸水率评估再生混凝土的可再生性。结果表明:5%(质量分数,下同)硅灰+20%粉煤灰+20%矿渣+55%水泥组合的质量损失率和抗压强度损失率明显比单掺5%硅灰以及5%硅灰+20%粉煤灰和5%硅灰+20%矿渣组合的低,且相对动弹性模量比其他组合的高。四种不同胶凝体系的二代再生粗骨料物理性能均达Ⅲ类标准,可用于强度等级为C25的结构混凝土的制备。

固废粗集料平均弹性模量与混凝土弹性模量的相关性

试验研究了12种不同固废粗集料压碎值试验中σ-ε曲线与配制混凝土的静态弹性模量之间关系,进行了压碎值试验固废粗集料变形的离散元数值模拟,分析了国内外主要标准中公式计算固废粗集料混凝土弹性模量误差偏大的原因。研究结果表明:基于中国、美国和欧洲标准的普通密度固废粗集料混凝土弹性模量计算值分别高出实测值45.5%、15.8%和52.5%;固废粗集料在压碎值试验σ-ε曲线的线性区间主要发生弹性变形;建立的固废粗集料σ-ε曲线指数模型拟合度高,R^(2)均大于0.99;通过在传统的压碎值试验中引入粗集料平均弹性模量、含水系数等参数,回归建立了固废粗集料混凝土弹性模量半经验公式,R^(2)为0.867。利用已有文献数据对半经验公式的普适性进行了检验,高判定系数(R^(2)=0.895)实测值与预测值的比较表明模型具有有效性,为快速、可靠预测固废粗集料混凝土弹性模量提供了依据。

机制砂全再生粗骨料混凝土的力学性能

为探究骨料类型、水灰比与石粉含量对机制砂全再生粗骨料混凝土力学性能的影响,制备了不同石粉质量分数(5%、10%和15%)和不同水灰比(0.50、0.37和0.32)的全再生骨料混凝土试件.以72个立方体试件用于抗压强度试验,72个圆柱体试件用于弹性模量试验.结果表明,合理的石粉含量能有效提高再生骨料混凝土的力学性能,但在不同的水灰比下,最佳石粉含量存在差异;当水灰比和石粉含量双因素交互作用时,水灰比为0.32、石粉质量分数为15%的再生混凝土力学性能达到最优.构建了机制砂再生粗骨料混凝土抗压强度、弹性模量与水灰比、石粉含量的关系模型,计算结果的标准差与离散系数均不超过5%,模型精度良好.研究成果可为提高再生骨料混凝土力学性能及其工程应用提供理论依据.