Theory of Flexural Shear, Bending and Torsion for a Thin-Walled Beam of Open Section

Aspects of the general Vlasov theory are examined separately as applied to a thin-walled channel section cantilever beam under free-end end loading. In particular, the flexural bending and shear that arise under transverse shear and axial torsional loading are each considered theoretically. These analyses involve the location of the shear centre at which transverse shear forces when applied do not produce torsion. This centre, when taken to be coincident with the centre of twist implies an equivalent reciprocal behaviour. That is, an axial torsion applied concentric with the shear centre will twist but not bend the beam. The respective bending and shear stress conversions are derived for each action applied to three aluminium alloy extruded channel sections mounted as cantilevers with a horizontal principal axis of symmetry. Bending and shear are considered more generally for other thin-walled sections when the transverse loading axes at the shear centre are not parallel to the section = s centroidal axes of principal second moments of area. The fixing at one end of the cantilever modifies the St Venant free angular twist and the free warping displacement. It is shown from the Wagner-Kappus torsion theory how the end constrained warping generates an axial stress distribution that varies with the length and across the cross-section for an axial torsion applied to the shear centre. It should be mentioned here for wider applications and validation of the Vlasov theory that attendant papers are to consider in detail bending and torsional loadings applied to other axes through each of the centroid and the web centre. Therein, both bending and twisting arise from transverse shear and axial torsion applied to each position being displaced from the shear centre. Here, the influence of the axis position upon the net axial and shear stress distributions is to be established. That is, the net axial stress from axial torsional loading is identified with the sum of axial stress due to bending and axial stress arising from constrained warping displacements at the fixing. The net shear stress distribution overlays the distributions from axial torsion and that from flexural shear under transverse loading. Both arise when transverse forces are displaced from the shear centre.

RF front-end for digital beam position monitor signal processor

RF circuit board has a significant impact on performance of the Digital Beam Position Monitor (DBPM) in storage ring of a synchrotron radiation facility.In this paper,a front-end RF board is designed for DBPM,and schematics of the RF board and the test results are given.In view of the inevitable inconsistency in the multi-channel circuit,a calibration circuit is designed to reduce such an influence.The test results show that the calibration method is useful for beam current dependence which is sensitive to channels inconsistency.

Dynamic responses of reinforced concrete beams under double-endinitiated close-in explosion

The reinforced concrete(RC) structural component might suffer a great damage under close-in explosion.Different from distant explosions, blast loads generated by the close-in explosion are non-uniformly distributed on the structural component and may cause both local and structural failure. In this study,an experimental study was conducted to investigate the dynamic responses of RC beams under doubleend-initiated close-in explosions. The experimental results show that the distribution of blast loads generated by the double-end-initiated explosion is much more non-uniform than those generated by single-point detonation, which is caused by the self-Mach-reflection effects. A 3 D finite element model was developed and validated in LS-DYNA by employing the modified K&C model. Intensive numerical calculations were conducted to study the influences of the initiation way, scaled distance and longitudinal reinforcement ratio on the dynamic responses and failure modes of RC beams. Numerical results show that the RC beam suffers greater damage as the cylindrical explosive is detonated at its double ends than the scenario in which the cylindrical explosive is detonated at its central point. RC beams mainly suffer flexural failure and flexure-shear failure under the double-end close-in explosion, and the failure modes of RC beams change from the flexural damage to flexure-shear damage as the scaled distance or the longitudinal reinforcement ratio decreases. The direct shear failure mode is not usually observed in the double-end-initiated explosion, since the intense blast loads is basically concentrated in the midspan of RC beam, which is due to self-Mach-reflection enhancement.

A STUDY ON THE COUNTER-INTUITIVE BEHAVIORS OF PIN-ENDED BEAMS UNDER PROJECTILE IMPACT

The counter-intuitive behaviors of pin-ended beams under the projectile impact axe investigated with ANSYS/LS-DYNA in this paper. It studies in detail their displacement-time history curves, final deformed shapes, energy relationships and projectile impact velocity ranges related to their counter-intuitive behaviors. The influences of the impact positions on their counterintuitive behaviors are also discussed. The results show that no matter where the impact position on the beam is, the counter-intuitive behaviors of pinned beams will occur as long as the impacting velocity lies within a proper range. Corresponding to the occurring of the counter-intuitive behaviors, the rebounding number in the displacement history curves of the beams decreases from a few times to zero with an increase of the impact velocity. The final deformation modes of the beam corresponding to the counter-intuitive behaviors will appear in symmetrical and unsymmetrical forms no matter where the impact position is; the impact velocity of the first-occurring of the counter-intuitive behaviors of the beam increases slowly with the deviation of the impact position away from the mid-span.

Finite element analysis on temperature field and residual stress of welding assembly for I-beam and end-plate

Based on full scale model of 1-beam and end-plate welding assembly with medium plate, welding temperature field and residual stress were simulated, infrared thermometers were employed to measure the real-time temperature Jbr verification purposes. Results show that the measured thermal cycle curves match well with the simulation result. Simulation results of welding residual stress indicate that the values of longitudinal and transverse stress on the upper surface of the plate are higher than the normal stress; higher tensile stresses exist at the end of the web weld toes and in the central area of the flange weld toes. The dangerous zones are located at the central areas of weld toes of the flange welds and near weld toes of the web welds.

Design and measurement of signal processing system for cavity beam position monitor

In this paper,in order to achieve the output signal processing of cavity beam position monitor(CBPM),we develop a digital intermediate frequency receiver architecture based signal processing system,which consists of radio frequency(RF) front end and high speed data acquisition board.The beam position resolution in the CBPM signal processing system is superior to 1μm.Two signal processing algorithms,fast Fourier transform(FFT) and digital down converter(DDC),are evaluated offline using MATLAB platform,and both can be used to achieve,the CW input signal,position resolutions of 0.31μm and 0.10μm at -16 dBm.The DDC algorithm for its good compatibility is downloaded into the FPGA to realize online measurement,reaching the position resolution of 0.49μm due to truncation error.The whole system works well and the performance meets design target.

New Factor to Characterize Mechanism of “Strong Column-Weak Beam” of RC Frame Structures

Most reinforced concrete(RC)frame structures did not achieve the "strong column-weak beam" failure mode in recent big earthquakes, resulting in a large number of casualties and significant property loss. To deal with this serious problem, a new column-beam relative factor was proposed to characterize the relative yield situation of column ends and beam ends. By limiting the column-beam relative factor, RC frame structures could achieve the "strong column-weak beam" failure mode under the excitation of strong ground motions. The limit values of column-beam relative factor were calculated, analyzed and verified by using structural simulation models for corner columns in the bottom story of structures, which are destroyed most seriously in earthquakes. The results show that the limit values should be analyzed under bi-directional ground motion and with different axial compression ratios of columns. The peak ground acceleration(PGA)of ground motions has no significant effect on the limit values, while the type of strong ground motions has a significant effect on the limit values.

Beam Dynamics and Electromagnetic Design Studies of 3 MeV RFQ for SNS Programme

The physics design of a 3 MeV, 30 mA, 352.2 MHz Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) is done for the future Indian Spallation Neutron Source (ISNS) project at RRCAT, India. The beam dynamics design of RFQ and the error analysis of the input beam parameters are done by using standard beam dynamics code PARMTEQM. The electromagnetic stu-dies for the two-dimensional and three-dimensional cavity design are performed using computer codes SUPERFISH and CST Microwave Studio. The physics design of RFQ consisting of the beam dynamics design near the beam axis and the electromagnetic design for the RFQ resonator is described here.

Optimizing the Sandwich Composite Structure in the Cantilever Beam

The sandwich structure is of great interest because of its advantage of combining light weight and high flexural stiffness. Many previous researchers have studied the failure modes in sandwich structures and the effects on the load capacity caused by the change of the constituent materials’ properties. In this research, by applying Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method, we simulated a cantilever beam composed of a sandwich structure in Abaqus, to find out the preferred design principles that help decrease the stress and displacement in the beam when applied a uniform load. We also determined the effect of the core geometry on decreasing the displacement and the stress in the beam.

Variational Approach of Timoshenko Beams with Internal Elastic Restraints

An exact approach for free transverse vibrations of a Timoshenko beam with ends elastically restrained against rotation and translation and arbitrarily located internal restraints is presented. The calculus of variations is used to obtain the equations of motion, the boundary conditions and the transitions conditions which correspond to the described mechanical system. The derived differential equations are solved individually for each segment of the beam with the corresponding boundary and transitions conditions. The derived mathematical formulation generates as particular cases, and several mathematical models are used to simulate the presence of cracks. Some cases available in the literature and the presence of some errors are discussed. New results are presented for different end conditions and restraint conditions in the intermediate elastic constraints with their corresponding modal shapes.

Vacuum joints of dispersion-strengthened copper and its applications in synchrotron radiation front end

Masks are critical elements of synchrotron radiation front end that are exposed to high temperature and stress.The absorber material is typically comprised of dispersion-strengthened copper,which can retain high performance at elevated temperature.Joining processes under vacuum,including brazing and electron beam welding,are novel approaches for prolonging the absorber and for reducing power densities.The mechanical properties of brazed joints and electron beam welded joints of dispersion-strengthened copper workpieces are evaluated by tensile testing at 20,100,and 200 C.The testing results indicate that the tensile strength and elongation of both vacuum joints decrease with increasing temperature.Compared to brazed joints,electron beam welded joints have higher tensile strength,better ductility,and more stable performance.A novel welded mask with a total length of 600 mm is presented and shown to be practical for use in the highest heat load front end in the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility phase-Ⅱ beamline project.

端钩型钢纤维混凝土简支梁受弯承载力试验

为改善普通钢筋混凝土梁自重大、易开裂、承载力低等缺点,在混凝土中常加入钢纤维,端钩型钢纤维,作为常见的一种高性能钢纤维得到广泛关注,中外学者针对端钩型钢纤维混凝土的基本力学性能开展了较多研究,而对端钩型钢纤维混凝土受弯构件的正截面受力性能有待深入研究。为研究端钩型钢纤维混凝土简支梁受弯性能,制作4根端钩型钢纤维混凝土梁及1根普通混凝土梁,对其进行受弯性能试验,根据试验得到的破坏形态、承载力、荷载-挠度曲线、荷载-应变曲线,分析端钩型钢纤维体积掺量对试件受弯承载力及破坏形态的影响。结果表明:端钩型钢纤维混凝土简支梁与一般混凝土简支梁受弯过程类似,均经历了弹性、开裂、带裂缝工作、破坏4个阶段;端钩型钢纤维混凝土简支梁与一般混凝土简支梁受弯过程均基本符合“平截面假定”;端钩型钢纤维限制了裂缝的产生和发展,使得纤维混凝土梁变形能力增强;与一般混凝土梁相比,端钩型钢纤维混凝土梁抗裂性及极限承载力得到提高,且构件承载力与钢纤维体积掺量基本呈现正相关;基于试验数据,对现行规范中开裂弯矩及极限承载力计算公式进行优化,开裂弯矩方面考虑对截面抵抗矩塑性影响系数进行修正,极限承载力方面引入纤维混凝土正截面承载力影响系数ζ,经修正计算值可较好吻合试验值。

非饱和土地基中端承桩对SH波的水平地震响应

为探讨非饱和土地基中SH波作用下端承桩的水平地震响应,先基于一维波动理论得出SH波引起的土层自由场水平振动解,然后考虑非饱和土体动剪切模量随其饱和度的变化特性,采用三维连续介质力学和Euler梁模型建立轴向静荷载下非饱和土-端承桩水平耦合振动模型,进而通过引入势函数和分离变量法推导出桩顶水平位移相互作用因子、桩顶水平位移放大因子和桩身曲率比的表达式,经与已有成果对比验证后再经参数分析,获得土体饱和度、桩身长径比和土体黏滞阻尼对桩身水平抗震特性的影响规律:土体饱和度和桩身长径比仅在高频范围对相互作用因子和放大因子有显著影响;土体黏滞阻尼仅在共振频率使得相互作用因子和放大因子分别逐渐增大和减小。

蜂窝梁H型柱绕弱轴向端板连接节点抗震性能研究

目的 提出一种蜂窝梁H型柱绕弱轴向端板连接节点,探究节点抗震性能及不同因素对其影响规律,为相关设计提供借鉴。方法 理论分析蜂窝梁H型柱绕弱轴向端板连接节点传力机制,建立并验证蜂窝梁H型柱绕弱轴向端板连接节点ABAQUS模型,研究端板厚度、开孔率对节点初始转动刚度、承载能力、耗能能力、延性、刚度退化及破坏形式影响规律。结果 蜂窝梁H型柱绕弱轴向端板连接节点弯矩最终由柱腹板与正向端板抗弯、柱翼缘与侧向端板抗剪承担;剪力最终由高强摩擦型螺栓连接面间摩擦力承担;端板厚度及开孔率越大,节点耗能进入蜂窝梁耗能阶段越早,连接刚度足够时节点抗震性能主要取决于蜂窝梁。结论 提出了蜂窝梁H型柱绕弱轴向端板连接节点弯矩路径传递分配系数计算方法,建议节点端板厚度应大于1倍柱翼缘厚度,开孔率取值为60%~65%。

谐振腔状态对高功率Nd:YAG脉冲固体激光器光束指向稳定性的影响

针对评估高功率固体激光器光束指向角不稳定性的需求,构建了考虑热分布和增益分布的激光光场数值计算模型,分析了谐振腔输出镜和反射镜失谐程度对光束指向稳定性的影响。定义了腔镜转动微扰因子和腔镜移动微扰因子,分别描述腔镜平行失谐和共轴失谐的程度,并在谐振腔光场计算中引入了微扰因子、热效应调制和增益调制。利用该方法研究了高功率Nd:YAG固体激光器在腔镜失谐状态下,谐振腔参数对光束指向稳定性的影响。抽运功率为10000 W,腔镜转动微扰因子和腔镜移动微扰因子分别在1×10^(−4)~50×10^(−4)和1×10^(-7)~50×10^(-7)范围内变化时,激光束指向偏移角均方根值在抽运脉冲时间内的波动范围为1×10^(-6)rad~5×10^(-3)rad。

基于保护层劈裂破坏的钢筋屈服后粘结锚固性能研究

《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB 50010—2010)要求钢筋拉断先于锚固破坏,但是在地震作用下,结构往往出现锚固破坏。此外,《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB 50011—2010)要求抗震钢筋强屈比不应低于1.25,但是其中抗震锚固长度的修正系数仅考虑了往复荷载对钢筋粘结性能的不利影响,未明确要求钢筋应力达到1.25fy所需的附加锚固长度。主要通过试验研究的方法,探讨混凝土保护层发生劈裂破坏的条件下钢筋屈服后的粘结锚固性能。采用在钢筋表面开槽密贴应变片的方法测量钢筋的应变分布,以混凝土强度、钢筋强度、钢筋直径、保护层厚度等为变量,完成21个梁端式试件锚固试验。结果表明:钢筋屈服后,加载端滑移显著增大,屈服段粘结应力降低;劈裂裂缝的出现会导致粘结应力重分布,由筋端锚固问题向缝间粘结锚固问题转化。基于试验结果,得到了钢筋屈服后锚固强度计算公式以及钢筋应力-滑移的本构模型,能较好地预测钢筋锚固承载力和加载端滑移。

大跨度高速铁路桥梁端伸缩装置区段车轨动力响应

为了确保大跨度高速铁路桥梁端伸缩装置区段列车安全运营,通过建立梁端伸缩装置区段车辆-轨道刚柔耦合模型,研究了不同伸缩量、不同车辆行驶速度下梁端伸缩装置各部件动力响应变化规律,并对随机不平顺激励叠加梁端刚度不平顺下车辆运行安全性进行评估。结果表明:梁端伸缩装置各部件动力响应整体随车速增加而呈增大趋势,且各部件垂向加速度随车速变化较大;不同伸缩量下梁端伸缩装置区域钢轨及可动钢枕动力响应整体随梁缝扩大而呈增大趋势,且可动钢枕垂向位移及伸缩装置各部件垂向加速度随伸缩量变化较大;施加随机不平顺后,轮重减载率在车速420 km/h时出现超限情况,钢轨垂向位移在拉伸300~500 mm状态、车速330 km/h时出现超限情况。

结构空间约束对钢筋混凝土梁受弯性能的影响

为探究结构空间约束对框架结构屈服机制的影响,借助多尺度数值方法,建立了具有不同边界条件的钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)梁模型.定量分析了端部约束及添加现浇楼板对RC框架梁刚度和受弯承载力,即试件所能承受的最大弯矩的影响,揭示了端部约束及现浇楼板对RC梁弯曲机制的影响机理.此外,对各国规范计算的受弯承载力进行对比分析.结果表明,结构空间约束会影响RC框架梁的破坏形态.固支梁的刚度和受弯承载力显著高于简支梁,固支梁的受弯承载力和刚度最高可达简支梁的3.06倍和4.10倍.添加现浇楼板可显著提高梁的受弯承载力与刚度.各国规范可准确地计算简支梁的受弯承载力.然而,计算的固支梁及楼盖梁的受弯承载力极其保守,剪跨比为5.0的固支加板梁的受弯承载力模拟值分别是中国、美国和加拿大规范值的6.25倍、6.76倍和6.06倍.

随机车载激励下大跨度悬索桥中央扣振动控制研究

大跨度悬索桥车流荷载作用下振动响应明显,关键构件疲劳损坏直接影响结构服役状态及运营安全。为改善大跨度悬索桥结构振动响应,基于有限元模拟对柔性中央扣及刚性中央扣振动控制效应开展研究,分析了中央扣对结构模态特性的影响,并基于考虑参数相关性及车流参数聚类特征的随机车流模拟方法,分析了车流荷载下的中央扣振动控制效应及其对吊索钢丝寿命影响。研究结果表明:中央扣主要对悬索桥的反对称竖弯频率及一阶扭转频率存在影响,随着柔性中央扣数量的增加结构振动频率有所提升,刚性扣的提升效果与三柔性中央扣接近。车流作用下中央扣可显著减小梁端位移、梁端累计位移及缆梁相对位移,随柔性中央扣数目的增加,控制效率有所提升但提升效果逐渐减小。刚性中央扣对梁端位移及梁端累计位移的控制效果与三柔性扣索接近,其对缆梁相对位移的控制效果好于柔性中央扣。吊索钢丝的疲劳寿命与弯曲应力响应的变化趋势一致,长吊索整体弯曲应力水平相对较小,中央扣对其钢丝寿命影响不明显。短吊索钢丝疲劳寿命则大幅提升,但柔性中央扣数量的增加提升效果有限,刚性中央扣提升效果与三柔性扣索接近。

植物DNA双链断裂修复机制及其在重离子诱变和基因编辑中的作用

在自然界中,植物会遭受各种环境或内源因素导致的DNA损伤,其中DNA双链断裂(double strand breaks,DSBs)的影响最为严重,如果修复不当,将导致基因组不稳定、基因突变甚至细胞死亡。一方面,植物进化出了强大且有序的损伤修复机制,以确保其存活及正常繁衍;另一方面,基于修复过程的容错性及致突变性,T-DNA插入、基因编辑、物理诱变等技术广泛应用于动植物品种改良。相较于哺乳动物,植物DSBs修复通路及其分子机制报道较为有限。本文综述了植物对DSBs损伤的响应、主要修复途径及关键因子,介绍了通路机制尚未完全解析的替代末端连接(alternative end joining,Alt-EJ)的最新研究进展;此外,探讨了重离子束引起的植物DSBs修复特征和多途径选择,以及基于不同DSBs修复途径的基因编辑技术的研究进展,旨在为深入了解植物DSBs损伤响应及修复的分子机制和研发高效生物育种技术提供参考。