Curcumin pretreatment and post-treatment both improve the antioxidative ability of neurons with oxygen-glucose deprivation

Recent studies have shown that induced expression of endogenous antioxidative enzymes thr- ough activation of the antioxidant response element/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） pathway may be a neuroprotective strategy. In this study, rat cerebral cortical neurons cultured in vitro were pretreated with 10 ktM curcumin or post-treated with 5 pM curcumin, respectively before or after being subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation for 24 hours. Both pretreatment and post-treatment resulted in a significant decrease of cell injury as indicated by propidium iodide/Hoechst 33258 staining, a prominent increase of Nrf2 protein expression as indicated by western blot analysis, and a remarkable increase of protein expression and enzyme activity in whole cell lysates of thioredoxin before ischemia, after ischemia, and after reoxygenation. In addition, post-treatment with curcumin inhibited early DNA/RNA oxidation as indicated by immunocytochemistry and increased nuclear Nrf2 protein by inducing nuclear accumulation of Nrf2. These findings suggest that curcumin activates the expression of thi- oredoxin, an antioxidant protein in the Nrf2 pathway, and protects neurons from death caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation in an in vitro model of ischemia/reperfusion. We speculate that pharmacologic stimulation of antioxidant gene expression may be a promising approach to neu- roprotection after cerebral ischemia.

Highly efficient solution-processed CZTSSe solar cells based on a convenient sodium-incorporated post-treatment method

In CZTSSe solar cells,a simple sodium-incorporation post-treatment method toward solution-processed Cu2Zn Sn S4precursor films is presented in this work.An ultrathin NaCl film is deposited on Cu2Zn Sn S4precursor films by spin-coating NaCl solution.In subsequent selenization process,the introduction of Na Cl is found to be benefacial for the formation of Cu2-xSe,which can further facilitate the element transportation,leading to dense and smooth CZTSSe films with large grains and less impurity Cu2Sn(S,Se)3phase.SIMS depth profiles confirm the gradient distribution of the sodium element in Na-doped absorbers.Photoluminescence spectra show that the introduction of appropriate sodium into the absorber can inhibit the band tail states.As high as 11.18% of power conversion efficiency(PCE)is achieved for the device treated with 5 mg mL^-1 NaCl solution,and an average efficiency of Na-doped devices is 10.71%,13%higher than that of the control groups(9.45%).Besides,the depletion width and the charge recombination lifetime can also have regular variation with sodium treatment.This work offers an easy modification method for high-quality Na-doped CZTSSe films and high-performance devices,in the meantime,it can also help to further understand the effects of sodium in CZTSSe solar cells.

Comparison of pre-treatment and post-treatment use of selenium in retinal ischemia reperfusion injury

AIM: To investigate the effects of selenium in rat retinal ischemia reperfusion(IR) model and compare pretreatment and post-treatment use.METHODS: Selenium pre-treatment group(n =8) was treated with intraperitoneal(i.p.) selenium 0.5 mg/kg for7 d and terminated 24 h after the IR injury. Selenium posttreatment group( n = 8) was treated with i. p. selenium0.5 mg/kg for 7d after the IR injury with termination at the end of the 7d period. Sham group(n =8) received i.p.saline injections identical to the selenium volume for 7d with termination 24 h after the IR injury. Control group(n =8) received no intervention. Main outcome measures were retina superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione(GSH),total antioxidant status(TAS), malondialdehyde(MDA),DNA fragmentation levels, and immunohistological apoptosis evaluation.RESULTS: Compared to the Sham group, selenium pre-treatment had a statistical difference in all parameters except SOD. Post-treatment selenium also resulted in statistical differences in all parameters except the MDA levels. When comparing selenium groups, the pre-treatment selenium group had a statistically higher success in reduction of markers of cell damage such as MDA and DNA fragmentation. In contrast, the post-selenium treatment group had resulted in statisticallyhigher levels of GSH. Histologically both selenium groups succeeded to limit retinal thickening and apoptosis. Pre-treatment use was statistically more successful in decreasing apoptosis in ganglion cell layer compared to post-treatment use.CONCLUSION: Selenium was successful in retinal protection in IR injuries. Pre-treatment efficacy was superior in terms of prevention of tissue damage and apoptosis.

Effect of Post-Treatment Conditions on the Inactivation of MS2 Bacteriophage as Indicator for Pathogenic Viruses after the Composting Process

A rural model composting toilet system still had some pathogens in the compost after months of operation and hence requires a post-treatment. The aim of the study was to sanitize compost withdrawn from the composting toilet by setting post-treatment conditions. The kinetics inactivation of MS2 bacteriophage, selected as indicator for pathogenic viruses were determined during post-treatment at different temperatures (30°C, 40°C and 50°C) with varying moisture contents (50%, 60% and 70%). As a result, the inactivation rates during the post-treatment were 0.093 - 0.020 h-1, 0.025 - 0.088 h1, 0.447 - 0.100 h-1 at 30°C, 40°C and 50°C respectively. The inactivation rate coefficient (k) values of MS2 bacteriophage depended on higher temperature but not on moisture content.

Post-treatment of TS-1 with Mixtures of TPAOH and Ammonium Salts and the Catalytic Properties in Propylene Epoxidation

TS-1/SiO_2 extrudate was post-treated with mixed solution of tetrapropyl ammonium hydroxide(TPAOH)and various ammonium salts solution(NH_4F,(NH_4)_3PO_4,(NH_4)_2CO_3,(NH_4)_2SO_4,NH_4CH_3CO_2,NH_4NO_3,NH_4Cl and(NH_4)_2TiF_6).The obtained hierarchical TS-1 catalysts were characterized by many techniques and tested for propylene epoxidation using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant in a fixed-bed reactor.It was shown that the physicochemical and catalytic properties of the treated TS-1/SiO_2 extrudate depended on the types of ammonium salts added.Compared to the treatment with TPAOH alone,the treatment with a mixed solution of TPAOH and some ammonium salts can greatly improve the catalytic properties of the treated TS-1/SiO_2 extrudate.Some of these ammonium salts were favorable for the incorporation of titanium in the framework,and the beneficial effect depended on the types of ammonium salt.TS-1/SiO_2 extrudate treated with a mixed solution of TPAOH and(NH_4)_3PO_4 exhibited the highest catalyst stability in propylene epoxidation.Such catalytic property can be correlated to high crystallinity,more framework titanium,large specific surface area and large external surface area.

Heat Post-Treatment to Reduce Thickness Swelling of Particleboard from Fast-Growing Poplars

According to the high thickness swelling and low dimensional stability of Poplars particleboard, this paper studied the effect of heat post-treatment on the board properties. The results indicated that the post-treatment could be a very effective way to produce dimensinaly stable fast-growing poplars particleboard. The thickness swelling of the board decreased with increasing the time and temperatures of post-heat treatment. So under190℃, being treated for 15 min., the total thickness swelling (TS1) of the board was 8.96%, reduced by 22.88%. The irreversible thickness swelling (TS2) was also reduced with the post-treatment of 190 ℃ or 220℃; The reversible thickness swelling (TS3) was not signifcantly changed when the time of treatment increased up to 25 min. under 190℃.

Effects of microwave post-treatments on leaching resistance of ACQ-D treated Chinese fir

In order to improve the leaching resistance of active ingredient-copper in ammoniacal copper quat-type D （ACQ-D） treated Chinese fir （Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook.）, microwave post-treatments were carried out. The percentages of leached copper from ACQ-D treated Chinese fir with different microwave post-treatments were obtained after leaching tests by analyzing the copper retention in treated wood. The fixation mechanism of copper in the treated wood was determined with the help of SEM and FTIR spectra, while the valence conversion of copper after microwave post-treatments was studied by UV spectroscopy. Our experimental results show that the percentage of leached copper was reduced significantly after microwave post-treatment over time. This development was reinforced by allowing even more time for the treatment as well as with an increase in the power of microwave post-treatment. The leaching resistance of copper in wrapped samples was better than that in unwrapped samples, which is attributed to the combined effects of temperature and moisture content. Compared with air-dried samples, the valence conversion in the samples with microwave post-treatments changed slightly, which demonstrates that microwave post-treatments cannot impair the natural decay resistance of ACQ-D treated wood. SEM and FTIR spectra showed the presence of crystal particles formed by chemical reactions between copper and wood ingredients in wood cell walls and wood pits. Only a small amount of copper reacted with cellulose, while lignin and hemicellulose were the major bonding sites for copper in wood. Given the experimental results of mechanical properties, microwave post-treatments had a slight effect on the compression strength parallel to the grain and on the erystallinity of ACQ-D treated Chinese fir.

Post-treatments of Super Absorbent Polymer

Properties of high absorbency and modulus (gel strength) were both needed in applications of superabsorbent polymer (SAP). Generally, the absorption characteristic and gel strength reach a crossover point for a given system. Beyond this point, a given property will show improvement at the expense of another property. To synthesize SAP with properties superior to this optimum value, further modification in the process becomes essential. In our post-treatment modification of superabsorbent polymer, neither the variety of the crosslinkers, nor their amount was found the effective factors to the polymer performance, but the liquor ratio of the treating liquid to polymer. The combination of the chemical treating and heat-treating method was also explored. But this didn’t put any positive effect on SAP’s properties.

Method for determining the sliding-friction coefficient of the aluminum-zincplated post-treatment plate

With reference to the testing standard ASTM D1894,the sliding-friction coefficient of the aluminumzinc-plated post-treatment plate was measured.To reduce the detection error in practical applications,a correction factor is proposed.Although the test results showed that the relative standard deviation of the friction coefficient of the aluminum-zinc-plated post-treatment plate was 12.1%indicating that the test results experienced a certain fluctuation,it can nevertheless be used as an internal factory-controlled test method.At the same time,problems were encountered with respect to sample contact,sample edge burr,and sample surface contamination.However,measures can be taken to reduce the impact of these factors.

针对某车尿素喷嘴喷射量变小问题的分析与改进

商用车国六产品投放初期,某主机厂重型车辆出现尿素喷嘴喷射量变小问题,造成发动机排气后处理系统故障灯常亮,通过拆检尿素喷嘴,发现其内部存在堵塞物。本文针对该问题提出了排气后处理系统优化改进方案,通过拆检尿素喷嘴结构、取样尿素液样品分析、尿素溶液浸泡铝板以及拆检尿素箱进行电镜分析等方法,发现尿素喷嘴喷孔内壁均可见黑色、黑褐色沉积物,其主要为含铝的氧化物以及与其他成分混合,最后对优化改进后的车辆进行了跟踪验证。试验结果表明,车辆未再出现上述现象,验证了改进措施的可行性,对日后实际设计工作具有一定借鉴意义。

One-step post-treatment boosts thermoelectric properties of PEDOT:PSS flexible thin films

Developing high-performance poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)sig-nificantly widens the practical applications of flexible organic thermoelectric devices,while the water-based co-solvent dopants and/or post-treatments are still rarely studied so far.Here,we develop a one-step post-treatment to improve the power factor of PEDOT:PSS films by using a water-based solution,which is composed of co-solvent(polar solvent dimethylacetamide(DMAC)and deionized water)and organic reducing agent L-ascorbic acid(LAA).The 80 vol.%DMAC solution significantly boosts the room-temperature electrical conductivity of the films from 5 to 964 S cm^(−1),while the Seebeck coefficient can be further enhanced from 18.7 to 25μV K−1 by treating with 0.5 mol L−1 LAA,contributing to a sig-nificantly improved power factor of 55.3μW m^(−1)K^(−2).The boosted electrical conductivity is ascribed to the separated PEDOT and PSS phases triggered by the high dielectric constant and polarity of DMAC;while the improved Seebeck coefficient is attributed to the reduced oxidation degree of PEDOT from the reducing agent LAA,both confirmed by the comprehensive structural and morphological characteri-zations.Furthermore,a maximum power factor of 64.4μW m^(−1)K^(−2)can be achieved at 360 K and the observed temperature-dependent electrical transport behavior can be well explained by the Mott variable range hopping model.Besides,a flexible thermoelectric device,assembled by the as-fabricated PEDOT:PSS films,exhibits a maximum output power of∼23 nW at a temperature difference of 25 K,indicating the potential for applying to low-grade wearable electronics.

Potential role of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides in glaucoma management:evidence from preclinical in vivo studies

In recent years,the pharmacological benefits of herbal extracts have been revisited for their potential neuroprotective effects in glaucoma.The polysaccharides extracted from the fruits of Lycium barbarum L.,or Lycium barbarum polysaccharides,exert their anti-aging effect through reducing oxidative stress,modulating the immune response,enhancing neuronal responses,and promoting cytoprotection.The therapeutic efficacy of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides in preserving retinal ganglion cells and their functions was demonstrated in a range of experimental models of optic neuropathies.These include the acute and chronic ocular hypertension models,the partial optic nerve transection model,and the ischemic-reperfusion injuries model.Based on these findings,Lycium barbarum polysaccharides appear to be a good candidate to be developed as a neuroprotective agent for treating multifactorial diseases.This review aims to present a comprehensive review on the latest preclinical evidence on the pre-and post-treatment benefits of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides in retinal ganglion cell neuroprotection.The possible mechanisms of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides mediating retinal ganglion cell neuroprotection will also be described.Moreover,the potential research gaps in the effective translation of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides treatment into clinical glaucoma management will be discussed.

Efect of Micro Abrasive Slurry Jet Polishing on Properties of Coated Cemented Carbide Tools

Owing to the popularization of coating technology, physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) coated tools have become indispensable in the cutting process. Additionally, the post-treatment of coated tools applied to industrial production can efectively enhance the surface quality of coating. To improve the processing performance of coated tools, micro abrasive slurry jet (MASJ) polishing technology is frst applied to the post-treatment of coated tools. Subsequently, the efects of process parameters on the surface quality and cutting thickness of coating are investigated via single-factor experiments. In the experiment, the best surface roughness is obtained by setting the working pressure to 0.4 MPa, particle size to 3 μm, incidence angle to 30°, and abrasive mass concentration to 100 g/L. Based on the results of the single-factor experiments, combination experiments are designed, and three types of coated tools with diferent surface qualities and coating thicknesses are obtained. The MASJ process for the post-treatment of coated tools is investigated based on a tool wear experiment and the efects of cutting parameters on the cutting force and workpiece surface quality of three types of cutting tools. The result indicates that MASJ machining can efectively improve the machining performance of coated tools.

多维重构 绿色低碳--浅议后疫情时代的中国医院发展

新冠疫情暴发至今,医院建筑未来的转变和发展持续受到社会关注。2021年荷兰大都会建筑事务所制作的短片《未来的医院》质疑传统医院建筑的模式,描述了未来医院的特点--建设自动化、模块化、分散化,分布灵活、具生长性,医疗工艺与物资运输大部分进一步高科技化,等等。从该片关注的问题和提出的观点出发,结合国情和发展需求,讨论了我国医院建筑体系未来的调整方向,提出了增设“防疫医院”新类型的构想,并对分级诊疗制度、智慧医院建设、医院在地性设计及“双碳”背景下绿色医院的建设措施等方面进行了深入的探讨。

装载机后处理尿素结晶故障原因与分析

针对非道路四阶段装载机存在后处理尿素结晶的问题,结合尿素产生的机理和装载机特殊的作业工况,分析装载机后处理尿素结晶产生的原因并制定了相应的预防措施,在满足法规排放要求的同时提升了装载机的可靠性。

基于GT-Suite平台的排放后处理系统联合仿真

为建立发动机原排与整车排放的数学关联模型,文章基于GT-Suite平台提出一种发动机原排与整车排放联合运行的仿真方法。基于GT-Suite平台搭建详细的发动机模型(含Lambda、原排模型)、整车模型以及后处理模型,针对WLTC工况进行经济性和排放的仿真计算,并基于实测数据对模型进行校核,为整车排放部件选型、匹配及优化提供参考和验证。经研究表明该仿真方法可实现整车WLTC工况经济性和排放的仿真计算,油耗仿真结果误差<3%,排放仿真结果误差<70%。

大型综合医院污水处理系统运行后评价

运城市中心医院污水处理系统运行13年,本文从运行实践和改造对策等方面对其进行了污水处理系统后评价,总结了正反两方面的经验教训,以期为未来新建大型医院提供借鉴。

Fluent与Patran的接口实现及其在船舶力学中的应用

结合当前Fluent和Patran软件的特点,并针对船舶力学计算、流固耦合分析等的需要,阐述了两者接口开发的重要性。还对Fluent和Patran接口的功能、开发过程做了详细的介绍,并给出了应用的算例说明,对接口在船舶力学中的应用做了有启发性的展望。

海水淡化水进入市政管网需考虑和解决的问题

近几年海水淡化在我国发展较快,规模越来越大,用途也逐渐从工业扩大到市政供水,这意味着海水淡化水进入市政管网已提上议事日程。从饮水安全和保护管网两个方面阐述了海水淡化水与传统水资源的差异,并在此基础上初步提出海水淡化水的后处理应考虑的各项水质指标和要求以及稳定水质的方法,介绍了国际大型海水淡化工程产品水的后处理常用方法。

合成橡胶压块机新型液压控制系统的设计与实践

针对国内合成橡胶压块机系统中控制水平低、可靠性差，经常出现停车的现状，综合运用现代设计方法研制了压块机新型控制系统，提出节能新工艺，通过可靠性验证试验证明该系统设计合理、价廉可靠、节能高效、适应性强、程序调节方便，可以降低生产成本，提高产品的竞争力。