Off-farm employment,agriculture production activities,and household dietary diversity in environmentally and economically vulnerable areas of Asia

Access to off-farm employment has been expected to be a critical approach to ending hunger and all forms of malnutrition,two important targets of achieving Zero Hunger.This study aims to investigate the role of off-farm employment in improving dietary diversity through substitution effect and complementary effect with agricultural production activities and income effect.This study adopts Poisson/Tobit/Probit/OLS regressions and the instrument variable method based on the primary survey data collected among 1,282 households at 12 sites in environmentally and economically vulnerable areas of China,Nepal,Cambodia,Thailand,and Myanmar in 2019.The results show that off-farm employment is positively associated with household dietary diversity and the consumption of flesh meat,fish and other aquatic animals,fruits,and milk and dairy products,which are rich in protein and micronutrients.The results of mechanism analysis show that off-farm employment contributes to household dietary diversity by improving crop diversity,especially for poor households,boosting the probability of livestock raising for households with the middle one-third disposal income,and increasing household income.The positive association between off-farm employment and household dietary diversity is much higher for households with the bottom one-third disposal income,low illiteracy,and from upper-middle income countries.These findings imply that off-farm employment does play a vital role in achieving multiple benefits of poverty alleviation,malnutrition reduction,and agrobiodiversity conservation in environmentally and economically vulnerable areas.However,it may enlarge the gaps in dietary diversity between households with low human capital and from low and lower-middle income countries and those with high human capital and from middle-high countries.

Post competency training in standardized training of resident physicians and integrated postgraduates

We focus on the importance and necessity of post-competency-based training in medical education alongside its current challenges and opportunities.Integrating post competency training into standardized educational frameworks is increasingly recognized as a critical component of preparing residents and postgraduates for real-world clinical practice.Post competency training represents a commitment to excellence in medical education,striving to produce competent,skilled practitioners to meet the challenges of modern healthcare.

BRI’s Employment Effect on Participating Countries and Mechanism Analysis

Based on the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)as a quasi-natural experiment,this paper uses panel data from 124 countries between 2006 and 2019 to build a difference-in-differences(DID)model to investigate the BRI employment effect on participating countries and mechanisms.We observed that the BRI had significantly increased employment rates in participating countries,and that this result remained robust after using the instrumental variable(IV)to mitigate endogeneity and perform a robustness test.There are differences in the BRI’s employment effect depending on the income level,labor conditions,and the digital economy’s development level of BRI countries:compared with low-income countries and lower-middle-income countries,the BRI has a more significantly positive effect on the employment rates of upper-middle-income and high-income countries;the BRI’s employment effect is stronger in countries with higher labor market efficiencies and better labor relations;In countries with higher levels of digital economy,the BRI has a relatively greater positive effect on employment.The BRI has increased employment rates in participating countries on both the supply and demand sides by building infrastructure,interconnecting industries and resources,and improving human capital through the exchange of human resources.Further analysis suggests that the BRI’s employment effect promotes the sophistication of participating countries’employment structures,hence improving employment quality,and that participating countries’employment levels may continue to improve in the medium and long run.

Innovation and Practice of Training Mode for Professional Postgraduates of Acupuncture and Tuina Based on Artificial Intelligence

In view of the common problems of integrating artificial intelligence into the training of postgraduates in Acupuncture and Tuina major,this paper reviews the related research progress both at home and abroad.It puts forward the innovative reform paths for integrating artificial intelligence into postgraduate training mode of Acupuncture and Tuina major:construct the teaching staff of artificial intelligence graduate students;innovating artificial intelligence to promote the integration of classics and scientific research;constructing the ideological and political case base of artificial intelligence courses;implementing artificial intelligence platform blended teaching;building a domestic and foreign exchange platform for artificial intelligence.Through practical research in teaching,it has achieved good teaching results and played a good demonstration,leading and radiation role in similar majors in China.

Coupling coordinated development among digital economy,regional innovation,and talent employment:A case study in the Hangzhou Metropolitan Circle,China

Coordinative development across various systems,particularly the economic,social,cultural,and human resources subsystems,is a key aspect of urban sustainability and has a direct impact on the quality of urbanization.The Hangzhou Metropolitan Circle,comprising Hangzhou City,Huzhou City,Jiaxing City,and Shaoxing City,was the first metropolitan circle approved by the National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC)as a demonstration of economic transformation in China.To evaluate the coupling coordination degree of the four cities and analyze the coordinative development in three systems(including digital economy,regional innovation,and talent employment),we collected panel data during 2015–2022 from these four cities.The development level of the three systems was evaluated by the standard deviation method and comprehensive development index.The results are as follows:(1)the level of coupling coordinated development of the three systems in the Hangzhou Metropolitan Circle was relatively low;(2)the coupling coordination degree of the four cities in the Hangzhou Metropolitan Circle showed significant regional differences,among which Hangzhou City was in the leading position,and Huzhou,Jiaxing,and Shaoxing cities made steady but slow progress in the coupling development of the three systems;and(3)the development of digital economy and talent employment needs to be strengthened.This study contributes to the coordinative development of Hangzhou Metropolitan Circle by innovatively focusing on the coupling coordination relationship among digital economy,regional innovation,and talent employment,which also meets the industrial layout of Hangzhou Metropolitan Circle.In this way,the optimal allocation and sustainable development of digital economy,regional innovation,and talent employment in the Hangzhou Metropolitan Circle can be achieved.

Basic Research on the Burden of Dropping off and Picking up Children: Differences by Employment Type and Gender in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area

There is a need to reduce the burden of child drop-off and pick-up for child-rearing generations, but most studies on the actual situation in Japan are based on survey results. In this study, we analyzed differences in child drop-off and pick-up by employment type and gender, utilizing the “Metropolitan Area Person Trip Survey,” which is a statistical data set. The study targeted households in which both spouses were between 30 and 49 years old, had children under the age of 6, and included the following three groups. 1) Dual-income Group 1 (both spouses employed/on contract/temporary);2) Dual-income Group 2 (husband employed/on contract/temporary, wife part-time);3) Full-time housewife group (husband employed, wife unemployed). The analysis revealed that a) wives are almost always responsible for dropping off and picking up their children;b) husbands drop off and pick up their children less frequently in dual-income households;and c) households with children raising within 10 to 30 km of Tokyo Station have longer commuting times and need to reduce the burden of dropping off and picking up their children.

Employment and development levels in rural areas of the Russian Federation

The development of agro-industrial complex is important for ensuring national food security and national health.The development of rural areas is subject to the development of agriculture and local infrastructure,as well as the availability of various services.This study selected 15 indicators in 2021 to analyze the employment and development levels in rural areas of 71 regions of the Russian Federation using the analytical grouping method.The results indicated that 20 regions(Group 1)had the highest percentage of rural population(33.10%).The percentage of population engaged in agriculture had the highest value(12.40%)in 31 regions(Group 2).Moreover,20 regions(Group 3)had the highest investments in fixed assets at the expense of municipal budget(11.80 USD/person).Increasing the investments in fixed assets carried out from the budget of the municipality can improve the employment level in rural areas.Then,we used cluster analysis to divide 14 regions of the Volga Federal District in the Russian Federation into 3 clusters.Cluster 1 covered Kirov Region and Republic of Mari El;Cluster 2 included Ulyanovsk Region,Saratov Region,Nizhny Novgorod Region,Perm Territory,Orenburg Region,Chuvash Region,and Republic of Mordovia;and Cluster 3 contained Republic of Tatarstan,Samara Region,Udmurtian Republic,Penza Region,and Republic of Bashkortostan.Results indicated that the 2 regions of Cluster 1 need to increase the availability of resources and natural gas and improve the investment attractiveness of rural areas.The 7 regions of Cluster 2 needed to develop infrastructure,public services,and agricultural production.We found the highest employment level in rural areas,the largest investments in fixed assets at the expense of municipal budget,the largest residential building area per 10,000 persons,and the largest individual residential building area in the 5 regions of Cluster 3.This study makes it possible to draw up a comprehensive regional development program and proves the need for the development of rural areas,which is especially important for the sustainable development of the Russian Federation.

Review of Women’s Employment in Greece in the 20th and Early 21st Centuries

In the early 20th century,the role of Greek women in the working environment was considered complementary,and the type of work they would do should fit their Review of Women’s Employment in Greece in the 20th and Early 21st Centuries gender stereotypes.Therefore,they were low-paid workers and employees,and they were the first to be laid off.Despite the fact that the number of Greek women participating in the labor market has increased,many of them were obliged to work due to the high rate of men’s unemployment since there was no other way to sustain the living level of the household(Alpha Bank,2018).Greek women’s participation in the labor market was accompanied by an increase in flexible types of employment along with the pay gap between men and women,which remained persistent due to the existence of discrimination.

Analysis of the Employment Situation of Non Private Enterprises in Various Regions of China

In the past 30 years, Chinese enterprises have been a hot topic of discussion and concern among the general public in terms of economic and social status, ownership structure, business mechanism, and management level. Solving the problem of employment for the people is an important prerequisite for their peaceful living and work, as well as a prerequisite and foundation for building a harmonious society. The employment situation of private enterprises has always been of great concern to the outside world, and these two major jobs have always occupied an important position in the employment field of China that cannot be ignored. With the establishment of the market economy system, individual and private enterprises have become important components of the socialist economy, making significant contributions to economic development and social progress. The rapid development of China’s economy, on the one hand, is the embodiment of the superiority of China’s socialist market economic system, and on the other hand, it is the role of the tertiary industry and private enterprises in promoting the national economy. Since the 1990s, China’s private enterprises have become a new economic growth point for local and even national countries, and are one of the important ways to arrange employment and achieve social stability. This paper studies the employment of private enterprises and individuals from the perspective of statistics, extracts relevant data from China statistical Yearbook, uses the relevant knowledge of statistics to process the data, obtains the conclusion and puts forward relevant constructive suggestions.

Preliminary Study on the Construction of Evaluation Index System for Clinical Medicine Postgraduates Based on Job Competency

Objective:To evaluate the practicality of constructing multiple evaluation index systems for postgraduates in clinical medicine professional degree based on job competency.Methods:The theoretical framework of the evaluation index system was initially developed using expert consultation,literature review,and other methods.20 survey experts were selected and consulted using the Delphi method to screen and evaluate the weights of multiple indicators.Data was then entered into a table to evaluate the practicality of the constructed indicators.Results:The questionnaire recovery rate of the first round of expert consultation was 92.50%,and the second round was 100.00%.The comparison between the two groups showed P<0.05.The authority level of the first round was 0.817,and the second round was 0.811.In the first round of coordination,the chi-square value of the first-level indicators was 0.498,and the chi-square value of the second-level indicators was 0.628.In the second round of coordination,the chi-square value of the first-level indicators was 0.573,and the chi-square value of the second-level indicators was 0.634.The comparison between the two rounds showed P<0.05.The evaluation index system included 2 first-level indicators,5 second-level indicators,and 31 third-level indicators.Conclusion:Constructing an evaluation index system based on job competency is highly scientific,with a reasonable construction process and high practical value.

Research on the Employment View of Acupuncture and Tuina Undergraduates in Minority Border Areas from Students’ Perspective

With the popularization of higher education in China,the employment situation of college students is more complex and severe.This paper adopts the questionnaire method to explore the employment view of acupuncture and tuina undergraduates of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The employment concept of acupuncture and tuina undergraduates in the minority border areas has changed greatly.After graduation,97.95%of students choose to work in fields related to medicine and acupuncture,prefer positions close to home,and are attracted to high-salary companies,among other factors.Therefore,enhancing the competitive advantages of medical students by guiding their career planning,providing employment selection advice,fostering innovation and entrepreneurship,improving basic skills,and offering graduate entrance examination guidance is crucial for broadening their employment opportunities.

Reform Practice of College Students’ Employment Guidance Course under the Concept of Curriculum Ideology and Politics

Under the background of“fostering character and civic virtue,”higher education must effectively integrate ideological and political education.The concept of curriculum ideology and politics has become increasingly developed and sophisticated,which can be a guiding concept for the teaching and reform practice of college students’employment guidance courses.Based on educational observation and logical analysis,this paper elaborates on the connotation of the concept of curriculum ideology and politics,analyzes the key points of the reform of college students’employment guidance courses under this concept,and affirms the value of course reform.On this basis,this paper specifically analyzes the common problems in the reform of the employment guidance course under the new concept and makes a detailed interpretation of the performance problems such as the vague course objectives and the lack of innovation in the course teaching methods.Combined with the relevant problems,this paper proposes strategies such as building the course objective system by linking the curriculum ideology and politics,and driving the teaching innovation of the course from multiple perspectives,aiming to provide more references for the corresponding course reform.

Study on the Alignment Between Talent Training Directions and Employment Market Demands in the Landscape Architecture Industry

Currently,talent training in Chinese universities for landscape architecture is mainly divided into three directions:“landscape planning and design,”“landscape construction management,”and“landscape plant planting and maintenance.”However,with the background of the slowing urbanization process and the widespread demand for composite talents in society,it remains to be verified whether the traditional three major talent training directions in landscape architecture align with the job demands in the current construction market.Based on a survey and analysis of over 300 industry practitioners,this study found a clear trend of merging the three major employment directions into“landscape design and construction”and“landscape plant planting and maintenance.”This presents new requirements and directions for the skill training of landscape architecture majors in universities and provides insights into the alignment between talent training and employment demands in other industries.

Research on Mechanisms for University Connotation Construction and High-Quality Employment in the Context of New Quality Productivity

The introduction of the concept of new quality productivity has attracted a great deal of attention in the educational community.However,there is an urgent need to align it with policy orientation and advancements in science and technology moving forward.Colleges and universities themselves should be the leaders of advanced thinking and scientific and technological development,and play their due roles in line with the development of the times to provide quality and urgent talents and intellectual support.For this reason,this paper proposes that universities should consciously establish a set of regular operation mechanisms,namely,the linkage mechanism between“social demand”and“connotation construction,”and operate regularly under the guarantee of the system.This enables universities to lead or grasp the pulse of scientific and technological development,constantly improve the level of connotation construction,promote high-quality employment,and provide high-quality services for modernization and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Design and Implementation of the Employment Management Decision Support System based on Machine Learning

To address the challenges of current college student employment management,this study designed and implemented a machine learning-based decision support system for college student employment management.The system collects and analyzes multidimensional data,uses machine learning algorithms for prediction and matching,provides personalized employment guidance for students,and provides decision support for universities and enterprises.The research results indicate that the system can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of employment guidance,promote school-enterprise cooperation,and achieve a win-win situation for all parties.

Analysis of Vocational Skills and Employment Countermeasures of the Art Postgraduates

In the year of 2011, the ministry of education increased the art discipline and established the Master of Fine Art （MFA）. At present, the national employment of art postgraduates has made progress in the training and development, however, the employment rate is relatively low. This article carries out an analysis on the causes of this current phenomenon combined with the orientation of professional skills and puts forward corresponding countermeasures.

Analysis of Vocational Skills and Employment Countermeasures of the Art Postgraduates

In the year of 2011, the ministry of education increased the art discipline and established the Master of Fine Art （MFA）. At present, the national employment of art postgraduates has made progress in the training and development, however, the employment rate is relatively low. This article carries out an analysis on the causes of this current phenomenon combined with the orientation of professional skills and puts forward corresponding countermeasures.

Exploration and Research on Employment Guidance System in Universities from the Perspective of Artificial Intelligence

In the context of the era of continuous development of artificial intelligence, the labor value of university students is impacted by technological substitution. Simultaneously, university students are also required to constantly update their skills. All of the above will be the challenge of university students’ employment prospects. However, artificial intelligence will also bring new opportunities, which will stimulate the innovation ability of university students and bring new directions for employment. In order to better cope with the possible impact of artificial intelligence, universities should incorporate employment guidance services into the “three-wide education” system. To achieve this, universities need to take the following measures: developing the dynamic monitoring system of university employment based on big data, constructing the employment guidance curriculum system of university students throughout the whole process, updating the mode of diversified employment guidance service as well as establishing a team of employment guidance teachers keeping pace with the times. These measures aim to better adapt to the job market demands in the context of artificial intelligence, guide students to actively respond to the possible impact of artificial intelligence technology, cultivate their core competencies and qualities that are less likely to be replaced by artificial intelligence, and promote the high-quality employment of university students.

The Importance of Agricultural Development Projects: A Focus on Sustenance and Employment Creation in Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Rwanda, and Uganda

The paper on the importance of Agricultural Development Projects focuses on different projects implemented in Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Rwanda, and Uganda. The paper presents the significance of agriculture in these 5 African economies in its ability to provide job opportunities and sustenance. A large portion of the African population in their different countries resides in rural areas and is fully dependent on agriculture for food and income. Subsequently, the development of many developing economies relies heavily on agriculture, the sector is the highest employer in the region with 60 percent of the total labor force being employed in agriculture and agriculture-related sectors such as manufacturing. The success of the sector means that people will have sufficient food, jobs will be created, and standards of living will be improved. The different projects implemented by local governments in the 5 countries and by the development partners have attained plausible results in providing job opportunities, increasing yield, providing food security, and creating a market for small-holder farmers. Despite these remarkable achievements, the agriculture sector in Africa as a whole is faced with many challenges that hinder its success, such as lack of funding, lack of infrastructure, limited land for farming, and climate change. To overcome these challenges and enable the sector to transform, bold policies need to be implemented. This study recommends that African countries create favorable business environments to attract investment, encourage youth participation in agricultural activities, and employ modern farming practices to increase agricultural productivity.

The impact and heterogeneity analysis of digital financial inclusion on non-farm employment of rural labor

This study examines the effects of digital financial inclusion on non-farm employment of rural labor and the mediating mechanism of innovation and entrepreneurship activity using China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)and the provincial index of digital financial inclusion.Through the empirical test of the Probit model and mediation effect model,we found that:firstly,digital financial inclusion can promote non-farm employment of rural labor,with the level of digitalization having the most significant impact;secondly,by encouraging innovation and entrepreneurial activity,digital financial inclusion can promote non-farm employment of rural labor;thirdly,the driving effect of digital financial inclusion on non-farm employment of rural labor is more pronounced among the unmarried,eastern region,and male labor.Therefore,we should improve the construction of rural digital infrastructure and accelerate the development of inclusive rural finance to promote more diversified non-farm employment options for“disadvantaged groups”;encourage and support innovation at the government level,and create a favorable atmosphere for innovation and entrepreneurship.Simultaneously,farmers’digital literacy and financial knowledge should be improved so that more can adopt and take advantage of digital financial inclusion.