Design and Development of Web-based Expert System for the Diagnosis of Disease and Pests of Fruits and Vegetables

According to the requirements of agricultural production and usem, taking diagnosis and decision-making of prevention for common diseases and pests in fruits and vegetables in southern China as the core, with communication and sharing as principle, adopted diagnosis, inquiries and guiding prevention of diseases and pests in fruits and vegetables as purpose, expert examination system of plant disease and pests in fruits and vegetables based on Web highly integrates the knowledge and prevention techniques of common diseases and pests for main fruit and vegetable in south China. In this system, the users can browse and inquiry the information about the fruit and vegetable diseases and pests, as well as their diagnosis and control. The implementation of the system plays an active role in promo- ting plant protection knowledge and guiding farms to scientifically control diseases and pests in fruits and vegetables

Biocontrol Efficacy of Two Antagonistic Yeasts Against Postharvest Diseases in Peach Fruits During Storage Periods

Two antagonistic yeasts, Thichosporon pullulans and Cryptococcus laurentii, were investigated for their biocontrol potential to blue mold rot and rhizopus rot on harvested peach fruits(Prunus persica L. Batsch, cv. Okubao), alone or in combination with a low dose of iprodione(50 μg ml-1). The results indicated that T. pullulans and C. laurentii were effective at reducing disease incidence and severity of blue mold rot and rhizopus rot in peach fruits. Biocontrol efficacy of C. laurentii and T. pullulans were significantly enhanced by combination with a low dose of iprodione(50 μg ml-1)against blue mold and rhizopus rot in peach fruits. T. pullulans and C. laurentii combined with a low dose of iprodione(50 μg ml-1)resulted in better disease control than either iprodione or the yeasts used alone. Dipping fruits in suspensions of antagonist cells showed the similar control effect as the treatment with iprodione(500μg ml-1).

Research on melatonin in fruits and vegetables and the mechanism of exogenous melatonin on postharvest preservation

Melatonin, a natural compound, was first found in animals. It is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland and plays a role in regulating circadian rhythm. In recent years, many studies have shown that melatonin plays a significant role in delaying the senescence of postharvest fruits and vegetables (F&V), maintaining the postharvest quality of F&V, and prolonging the shelf life of postharvest F&V. This paper reviews recent research progress in melatonin and expounds on the content of melatonin in F&V and the effect of exogenous melatonin on F&V. The mechanism of melatonin on maintaining the postharvest quality of F&V and prolonging their shelf life is discussed. The positive effects of exogenous melatonin on the postharvest preservation of F&V are summarized, mainly including increasing endogenous melatonin content, improving quality indicators, enhancing antioxidant capacity, alleviating chilling injury, and inhibiting bacterial growth. We conclude by discussing the applicability and potential of melatonin while highlighting future perspectives in this research field.

Influence of Probiotic Fermented Fruit and Vegetables on Human Health and the Related Industrial Development Trend

The paper briefly discusses the relationship between chronic diseases and gut health,and points out that an imbalance of intestinal microflora and an inadequate intake of dietary fiber are two important causes of chronic diseases.This paper also summarizes the research status of probiotic fermented fruit and vegetables,and discusses the main achievements of our group in this field and future developments of the related industry.The application of fermentation technology to fruit and vegetable processing and the development of a series of probiotic fermented fruit and vegetable products not only increase the added value of fruit and vegetables,but also organically combine probiotics and their active metabolites with prebiotics(dietary fiber,etc.),thereby promoting intestinal health as well as preventing and relieving chronic diseases.Fermentation technology provides a new approach to the study of the effect of probiotics on human health,and will have a revolutionary influence on probiotic application and on the fruit and vegetable processing industry.Thus,fruit and vegetable fermentation technology has excellent market potential.

Vegetable and Fruit Consumption among Chinese Adults and Associated Factors： A Nationally Representative Study of 170,847 Adults

Objective This study examined vegetable and fruit （VF） consumption rate and its associated factors among Chinese adults. Methods Nationally representative data from the 2013 China Chronic Disease Surveillance survey were used. Dietary intake data, including VF consumption during the last 12 months, were collected. All analyses were weighted to obtain nationally representative estimates. Associations between VF consumption and other factors （e.g., meal frequency and physical activity） were examined through logistic regression analysis. Results The average fruit consumption was 102.3 g/day （95% CI： 97.0-107.6） and the average vegetable consumption was 350.6 g/day （95% CI： 339.3-361.8）. Over half （53.2%, 95% CI： 50.9-55.4） of Chinese adults met the VF consumption of 400 g/day recommended by the World Health Organization （WHO）. Rural residents had a higher prevalence of low VF consumption rate than urban residents [49.20% （95% CI： 46.2%-52.2%） vs. 44.0% （95% CI： 41.7%-46.3%） P 〈 0.01]. Old age （OR = 1.01, 95% CI： 1.00-1.01）, low educational level, low income, minority ethnicity （OR = 1.41, 95% CI： 1.15-1.74）, underweight （OR = 1.17, 95% CI： 1.03-1.33）, single marital status （OR = 1.20, 95% CI： 1.08-1.33）, low health literacy, irregular breakfast （OR = 1.20, 95% CI： 1.04-1.38） or lunch （OR = 1.58, 95% CI： 1.26-1.99） habits, and no leisure-time physical activity were associated with low VF consumption. Conclusion Only half of Chinese adults met the VF consumption recommended by the WHO. Low socio-economic status, irregular diet, and poor health literacy were likely associated with low VF consumption. National efforts and programs are needed to promote VF consumption.

Power ultrasound for the preservation of postharvest fruits and vegetables

Increasing public demands for improved safety and quality of fruits and vegetables in the fresh market,awaken a growing interest for novel technologies for the preservation of postharvest fruits and vegetables before storage.Ultrasound technology provides one of the methods that with better treating time,enhanced products quality,reduced chemical hazards,low consumption of energy,and is environmentally friendly.This review provides an up-to-date summary of published findings on the application of ultrasound in the preservation of fresh fruits and vegetables.The ultrasound devices commonly utilized,effects of power ultrasound treatment as a factor that affects decay incidence,safety and quality of fresh fruits and vegetables are included.Application challenges and research trends in the future are also analyzed.It is concluded that much progress has been achieved in this field during recent years.These achievements paved the way for the industrial-scale application of ultrasound in the preservation of postharvest fruits and vegetables.

Molecular basis of pathogenesis of postharvest pathogenic Fungi and control strategy in fruits: progress and prospect

The disease caused by pathogenic fungi is the main cause of postharvest loss of fresh fruits.The formulation of disease control strategies greatly depends on the understanding of pathogenic mechanism of fungal pathogens and control strategy.In recent years,based on the application of various combinatorial research methods,some pathogenic genes of important postharvest fungal pathogens in fruit have been revealed,and their functions and molecular regulatory networks of virulence have been explored.These progresses not only provide a new perspective for understanding the molecular basis and regulation mechanism of pathogenicity of postharvest pathogenic fungi,but also are beneficial to giving theoretical guidance for the creation of new technologies of postharvest disease control.Here,we synthesized these recent advances and illustrated conceptual frameworks,and identified several issues on the focus of future studies.

Association between Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Arterial Stiffness: The China-PAR Project

Objective This study aimed to investigate the association between fruit and vegetable intake and arterial stiffness.Methods We conducted a cohort-based study comprising 6,628 participants with arterial stiffness information in the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China(China-PAR)project. A semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire was used to assess baseline(2007–2008) and recent(2018–2021) fruit and vegetable intake. We assessed changes in fruit and vegetable intake from2007–2008 to 2018–2021 in 6,481 participants. Arterial stiffness was measured using the arterial velocity–pulse index(AVI) and arterial pressure-volume index(API). Elevated AVI and API values were defined according to diverse age reference ranges.Results Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models revealed that every 100 g/d increment in fruit and vegetable intake was associated with a 0.11 decrease in AVI(B =-0.11;95% confidence interval [CI]:-0.20,-0.02) on average, rather than API(B = 0.02;95% CI:-0.09, 0.13). The risk of elevated AVI(odds ratio [OR] = 0.82;95% CI: 0.70, 0.97) is 18% lower in individuals with high intake(≥ 500 g/d) than in those with low intake(< 500 g/d). Furthermore, maintaining a high intake in the past median of 11.5years of follow-up was associated with an even lower risk of elevated AVI compared with a low intake at both baseline and follow-up(OR = 0.64;95% CI: 0.49, 0.83).Conclusion Fruit and vegetable intake was negatively associated with arterial stiffness, emphasizing recommendations for adherence to fruit and vegetable intake for the prevention of arterial stiffness.

Circulating immune cell activation and diet: A review on human trials

Protein energy malnutrition is the main cause of immunodeficiency and, secondarily, of several infections. However, immune cell activation is involved in several pathophysiological processes that play a crucial role in the appearance of cardiovascular disease(CVD) or cancer. The aim of this review is to update the knowledge of the modulation of immune cell activation by different dietary patterns and its components focusing on CVD or cancer. While a westernized high-saturated fat highcarbohydrate diet is positively associated with lowgrade inflammation, vegetable- and fruit-based diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols, key nutrients of Mediterranean diet, decrease the levels of cellular and circulating inflammatory biomarkers thereby reducing the risk of related chronic diseases.

ε-聚赖氨酸对西番莲果实采后病害与抗病物质代谢的影响

为研究ε-聚赖氨酸(ε-poly-L-lysine,ε-PL)抑制可可毛色二孢(Lasiodiplodia theobromae)侵染所致黄金西番莲果实采后病害的发生及其与果实采后抗病性的关系,以‘福建百香果3号’黄金西番莲果实为研究对象,以无菌水浸泡处理10 min后接种L. theobromae的西番莲果实为对照组,以100 mg/L ε-PL溶液浸泡处理10 min后接种L. theobromae的西番莲果实为处理组,在(28±1)℃、90%相对湿度下贮藏7 d,每天取样测定果实病斑直径、果皮细胞膜透性、木质素含量和抗病相关酶活性等的变化。结果表明,与接种L. theobromae的西番莲果实对比,ε-PL可延缓果皮细胞膜透性与果实病斑直径的上升。此外,ε-PL还能提高接种L. theobromae西番莲果实的果皮木质素含量,提高果实果皮肉桂酸-4-羟化酶、多酚氧化酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、4-香豆酰辅酶A连接酶、几丁质酶、肉桂醇脱氢酶等抗病相关酶活性。因此,ε-PL通过减缓西番莲果实果皮细胞膜透性的上升而保持果皮细胞膜的完整性,还能提高西番莲果实果皮抗病相关酶活性及促进木质素累积,进而提升果实采后抗病性,抑制L. theobromae侵染所致采后病害的发生。

甘氨酸甜菜碱在果蔬采后冷害控制中的研究进展

低温贮藏是延缓果蔬采后品质劣变的最有效措施,然而许多冷敏性果蔬在长期低温贮藏过程中易发生冷害,严重影响果蔬品质和贮藏寿命。甘氨酸甜菜碱(glycine betaine,GB)作为一种植物内源非毒性的小分子渗透调节物质,研究表明其在维持采后果蔬低温贮藏期间的生理品质和延缓冷害的发生中发挥重要作用。该文综述了近年来GB在调控果蔬冷害中的研究进展,分析了甘氨酸甜菜碱通过参与渗透调节,维持细胞膜完整性,稳定抗氧化系统,调控物质代谢,改善能量代谢及增强转录因子表达调控等途径缓解果蔬冷害的作用机制,并对GB在冷害控制的分子层面的深入研究进行了展望。

机械损伤对果蔬采后品质的影响及其控制方法

机械损伤是鲜活果蔬采后常见的损伤之一。机械损伤会导致果蔬出现细胞膜破裂、营养与水分流失、果蔬呼吸速率加剧、成熟进程加快、果蔬软化、微生物侵染几率增加,严重影响鲜活农产品的质量和保质期,同时机械损伤会引发果蔬产生相应防御反应。清楚地了解机械损伤机制以及危害对于果蔬采后品质的优化控制至关重要。该文系统论述有关机械损伤对鲜活果蔬采后品质影响的研究进展,综述果蔬机械损伤现有的控制技术,旨在为鲜活农产品的运输贮藏提供理论指导。

采摘后果实病害生物防治拮抗菌的筛选和分离

从保存的以及从桃果实表面和伤口上分离获得的拮抗菌中筛选出了10余株能有效地防治采摘后果实病害的拮抗菌.结果表明,保存的洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia cepacia)、季也蒙假丝酵母(Candida guiliermondii)、柠檬形克勒克酵母(Kloeckera apiculata)、汉逊德巴利酵母(Debaryomyces hansenii)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)B-912等5种拮抗菌对甜樱桃褐腐病都表现出显著的抑制效果,其中枯草芽孢杆菌、季也蒙假丝酵母可完全抑制病害的发生;季也蒙假丝酵母和柠檬形克勒克酵母能有效地防治核果类果实采摘后软腐病.从桃果实表面分离到的隐球酵母(Cryptococcus albidus (Saito) Skinner)和丝孢酵母(Trichosporon sp.)能防治苹果灰霉病和青霉病,而从桃果实伤口处分离到的膜醭毕赤酵母(Pichia membranefaciens hansen)则对核果类果实软腐病有较好的抑制作用.在分离的细菌中,B8对褐腐病和软腐病的抑制作用最好,Bw6和Bw7可抑制褐腐病的发生,Bw10则对软腐病有显著的抑制作用.

酵母菌对果蔬采后病害防治的研究进展

该文对酵母菌对果蔬采后病害防治的研究现状进行了综述 ,其中包括防治效果、防治机理、防治的优势及最新研究成果。许多酵母菌对果蔬采后病害具有明显的抑制作用 ,酵母菌抑制霉菌的机理主要在于营养与空间的竞争、对病原菌的直接寄生作用及诱导寄主产生抗病性。酵母菌与其它生防微生物相比 ,具有拮抗效果好、不产生毒素、可以和化学杀菌剂共同使用等优点。使用生物工程技术改造拮抗酵母菌从而提高其生防效果 ,是酵母菌对果蔬采后生物防治的最新研究领域。该文还指出了酵母菌对果蔬采后生物防治存在的问题 ,并对未来的研究提出了新的思路。

无花果采后生理和贮藏保鲜研究进展

无花果具有很高的营养价值和药用价值,属跃变型果实,采后易腐烂而难于保存。随着人们对无花果营养价值的深入认识,无花果的市场需求呈增长趋势。但无花果的采后生理及贮藏保鲜技术仍滞后于产业发展的需要,是目前制约无花果产业发展的关键问题。本文综述无花果采后的生理变化、主要病害以及贮藏保鲜技术,着重论述冷藏、1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理、气调贮藏、二氧化硫处理、二氧化氯处理等主要措施,旨在为相关研究和产业发展提供参考。

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。

热处理对果蔬贮藏品质和采后生理的影响及应用

热处理（35-50℃）是一种无毒、无农药残留的物理保鲜方法,可延长采后果蔬的货架期。本文综述了热处理方法,热处理对果蔬营养风味、色泽、硬度和失重等贮藏品质的影响,热处理对果蔬呼吸作用、活性氧代谢、膜脂过氧化和酚类物质代谢等采后生理的影响,及热处理技术在果蔬贮藏保鲜中的应用。提出了热处理在果蔬贮藏保鲜研究中存在的问题和进一步研究方向,为果蔬热处理的深入研究提供参考。

果蔬采后病害生物防治的研究进展

采用生防菌进行果蔬采后病害的生物防治是一种安全有效的方法。过去20年内,国内外研究者在生防菌的筛选、作用机制、提高生防效果的途径等方面做了大量的研究,而且目前国际市场上已有几种商业化生防产品。尽管如此,未来仍需要筛选效力高的生防菌,深入研究其生防机制以及生防菌、病原菌、寄主之间的互作模式,使生物防治成为能真正替代化学杀菌剂的方法。本文综述了近年来果蔬采后病害生物防治的研究成果,探讨了未来提高生防效果的研究方向。

果蔬采后处理与贮藏保鲜技术研究进展

该文论述了国内外果实品质的无损伤检测技术,果实分级的机械化与自动化技术;介绍了果蔬贮藏库的现代设备;综述了国内外有关果蔬贮藏保鲜的新技术及研究进展,包括:天然果蔬保鲜剂的应用、利用调压技术贮藏、臭氧及负氧离子保鲜、利用生物技术保鲜、静电场处理贮藏、低剂量辐射处理保鲜,以及细胞水结构化气调保鲜等国内外近几年发展起来的现代果蔬贮藏保鲜技术。最后提出了中国果蔬贮藏保鲜产业持续、稳定、健康的发展要倚重于科技创新。

果蔬微生物保鲜技术的研究进展

果蔬保鲜技术的发展,具有显著的经济和社会效益。然而随着人们对食品安全的普遍关注,果蔬保鲜产业也有了天然、安全和营养的新要求。微生物保鲜是一种安全、无毒、有效的生物保鲜技术,应用前景广阔。采用拮抗菌制剂对果蔬进行保鲜可以减少化学合成杀菌剂对人类健康的不良影响,并有效防止植物病原菌的抗药性。综述了用于果蔬保鲜的微生物种类、保鲜机理及处理方法,对果蔬微生物保鲜研究作了简单概述,对目前存在的问题和发展趋势进行了分析,以期为安全有效的果蔬微生物保鲜剂的开发提供参考。