Pear is an important fruit crop in the world. An uncharacterized disease has been observed on pear fruits during cold storage ir~ Suning, Shenzhou, Xinji and other locations in Hebei Province, China. The incidence rat...Pear is an important fruit crop in the world. An uncharacterized disease has been observed on pear fruits during cold storage ir~ Suning, Shenzhou, Xinji and other locations in Hebei Province, China. The incidence rate of the disease has reached 10%, and sometimes up to 20%. A particular fungus was consistently isolated from the infected pear fruit and cultured. Based on its morphology, molecular characteristics, pathogenicity and ITS sequence, the fungus was identified as Athelia bombacina. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Athelia bombacina causing postharvest fruit rot on pear.展开更多
Fruitlet Core Rot (FCR) is one of the major postharvest diseases of pineapple (<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ananas comosus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;...Fruitlet Core Rot (FCR) is one of the major postharvest diseases of pineapple (<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ananas comosus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> var. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">comosus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), especially on the prone variety Queen Victoria cultivated in Reunion Island. This aggressive disease is generally due to two pathogens: </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fusarium ananatum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Thalaromyces stolii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and needs to be controlled during postharvest. In Reunion Island, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F. ananatum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is the principal causal agent impacting fruit exportation. Fruit produced for the export market is generally treated with chemicals. This type of postharvest treatment is not in line with consumer expectations, as consumers prefer fruits treated with nonharmful and natural products. The objective of this work was to study alternative postharvest treatments using the fungitoxic properties of essential oils and their ability to elicit the resistance mechanisms of the fruit. Six EAs were tested </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> on mycelial growth of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F. ananatum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Whether by volatilization or included in the culture medium, some essential oils such as thymol, eugenol, geraniol and the carvone/menthol mixture have a strong fungistatic effect. But only thymol has a fungitoxic effect. The thymol, a natural molecule synthesized by thyme (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Thymus vulgaris</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">thymoliferum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) is the more effective </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and is the strongest potential to be used in postharvest treatment. Thymol, prepared at 0.025% in a terpene solvent that acts as a penetrating agent, was tested </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vivo</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> with inoculated fruits. The treatment was effective only on necrosis development from the upper part of the fruits. Pineapple polyphenol biosynthesis appears to have been suppressed by thymol treatment. Results and opportunities for this treatment are discussed. Additional experiments must be carried out in order to decide on the advisability of this type of treatment.</span>展开更多
The chemical characterization of phenolic extracts of salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor Scop. s.l.) and broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) was performed. Active fractions were separated and characterized and, in the c...The chemical characterization of phenolic extracts of salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor Scop. s.l.) and broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) was performed. Active fractions were separated and characterized and, in the case of O. crenata, two phenolic compounds, verbascoside and is overbascoside, were quantitatively extracted, purified and characterized. These compounds proved to be effective in reducing the growth of some important fungi responsible for the decay of fresh fruit and vegetables in postharvest. Verbascoside showed significant activity against Penicillium italicum, fairly inhibited Monilinia laxa, P. expansum, and Aspergillus carbonarius, and showed little activity against Botrytis cinerea, M. fructicola and P. digitatum. Isoverbascoside completely inhibited B. cinerea, P. digitatum, P. italicum, and P. expansum;it fairly inhibited M. laxa and A. carbonarius;while it showed to be less effective against M. fructicola. The obtained results support the possible use of some wild edible plants as a source of phenolic substances for the postharvest biological control of fresh fruit and vegetable rots.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFD0400903-06)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-29-19)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP)
文摘Pear is an important fruit crop in the world. An uncharacterized disease has been observed on pear fruits during cold storage ir~ Suning, Shenzhou, Xinji and other locations in Hebei Province, China. The incidence rate of the disease has reached 10%, and sometimes up to 20%. A particular fungus was consistently isolated from the infected pear fruit and cultured. Based on its morphology, molecular characteristics, pathogenicity and ITS sequence, the fungus was identified as Athelia bombacina. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Athelia bombacina causing postharvest fruit rot on pear.
文摘Fruitlet Core Rot (FCR) is one of the major postharvest diseases of pineapple (<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ananas comosus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> var. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">comosus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), especially on the prone variety Queen Victoria cultivated in Reunion Island. This aggressive disease is generally due to two pathogens: </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fusarium ananatum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Thalaromyces stolii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and needs to be controlled during postharvest. In Reunion Island, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F. ananatum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is the principal causal agent impacting fruit exportation. Fruit produced for the export market is generally treated with chemicals. This type of postharvest treatment is not in line with consumer expectations, as consumers prefer fruits treated with nonharmful and natural products. The objective of this work was to study alternative postharvest treatments using the fungitoxic properties of essential oils and their ability to elicit the resistance mechanisms of the fruit. Six EAs were tested </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> on mycelial growth of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F. ananatum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Whether by volatilization or included in the culture medium, some essential oils such as thymol, eugenol, geraniol and the carvone/menthol mixture have a strong fungistatic effect. But only thymol has a fungitoxic effect. The thymol, a natural molecule synthesized by thyme (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Thymus vulgaris</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">thymoliferum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) is the more effective </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and is the strongest potential to be used in postharvest treatment. Thymol, prepared at 0.025% in a terpene solvent that acts as a penetrating agent, was tested </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vivo</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> with inoculated fruits. The treatment was effective only on necrosis development from the upper part of the fruits. Pineapple polyphenol biosynthesis appears to have been suppressed by thymol treatment. Results and opportunities for this treatment are discussed. Additional experiments must be carried out in order to decide on the advisability of this type of treatment.</span>
文摘The chemical characterization of phenolic extracts of salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor Scop. s.l.) and broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) was performed. Active fractions were separated and characterized and, in the case of O. crenata, two phenolic compounds, verbascoside and is overbascoside, were quantitatively extracted, purified and characterized. These compounds proved to be effective in reducing the growth of some important fungi responsible for the decay of fresh fruit and vegetables in postharvest. Verbascoside showed significant activity against Penicillium italicum, fairly inhibited Monilinia laxa, P. expansum, and Aspergillus carbonarius, and showed little activity against Botrytis cinerea, M. fructicola and P. digitatum. Isoverbascoside completely inhibited B. cinerea, P. digitatum, P. italicum, and P. expansum;it fairly inhibited M. laxa and A. carbonarius;while it showed to be less effective against M. fructicola. The obtained results support the possible use of some wild edible plants as a source of phenolic substances for the postharvest biological control of fresh fruit and vegetable rots.