Understanding Osteoporosis: Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Management

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and deterioration of bone architecture, resulting in reduced bone strength and, consequently, increased susceptibility to fractures which poses a significant public health concern worldwide, particularly in aging populations [1]. The health-economic impact of vertebral and hip fractures has been extensively explored and it is well known that these fractures are associated with morbidity/disability and increased mortality;they also account for a substantial portion of the direct fracture costs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of osteoporosis, including its pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies. By elucidating the multifaceted nature of this condition, healthcare providers can better identify individuals at risk, implement preventive measures, and optimize treatment to reduce the burden of osteoporotic fractures.

The Structure and Prevalence of Major Risk Factors of Osteoporosis in Uzbek Women over 50

Background: Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic disease of skeleton, characterized by decrease of bone mass and impaired microarchitecture of bone tissue, leading to increased fragility and fractures. Methods: We screened 1855 postmenopausal female, aged from 50 to 80, the residents of Tashkent, Namangan and Qarshi, three cities with the largest populations in Uzbekistan. The duration of postmenopausal period was ≥1 year. Results: The study revealed unequal prevalence of OP with the least in Qarshi (27.3%) compared to Tashkent (33.5%) and Namangan (51.1%). Conclusions: Osteoporosis is common among women at age 50 and over, who live in the cities with largest population in Uzbekistan (Tashkent, Namangan and Qarshi). The risk factors in the studied cohort of women included decrease of body mass, irregular consumption of dairy products and irregular physical activity, history of fractures, and duration of menopause.

Prospective Cohort Investigation on Physical Activity of Osteoporosis Outcomes(PAOPO)in Jidong:Objectives,Study Design,and Baseline Characteristics

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the prospective association between physical activity(PA),independently or in conjunction with other contributing factors,and osteoporosis(OP)outcomes.Methods The Physical Activity in Osteoporosis Outcomes(PAOPO)study was a community-based cohort investigation.A structured questionnaire was used to gather the participants’sociodemographic characteristics.Bone mineral density(BMD)measurements were performed to assess OP outcomes,and the relationship between BMD and OP was evaluated within this cohort.Results From 2013 to 2014,8,471 participants aged 18 years and older were recruited from Tangshan,China’s Jidong community.Based on their PA level,participants were categorized as inactive,moderately active,or very active.Men showed higher physical exercise levels than women across the activity groups.BMD was significantly higher in the very active group than in the moderately active and inactive groups.Individuals aged>50 years are at a higher risk of developing OP and osteopenia.Conclusion The PAOPO study offers promising insights into the relationship between PA and OP outcomes,encouraging the implementation of PA in preventing and managing OP.

Aging is a risk factor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in premenopausal women

AIM: To clarify the relationship between age, menopause, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in women. METHODS: We conducted a follow-up study on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by using abdominal ultrasonography, and investigated the relationship of age and menopause with the development of NAFLD in women. We followed 1829 women and 2572 men (response rate, 86%) selected in 2001 to represent the non-institutionalized adult population of Gifu, Japan. Data collected included self-reported medical history, lifestyle factors, and menopausal status. The postmenopausal state was defined as beginning 1 year after the cessation of menses. We diagnosed NAFLD with the aid of abdominal ultrasonography by using diagnostic criteria describedRESULTS: The prevalence of NAFLD in women increases with age, but does not alter with age in men. Furthermore, the prevalence of NAFLD in premenopausal women (6%) was lower than that in men (24%) and in postmenopausal women (15%). The associations of the postmenopausal state and hormone replacement therapy with NAFLD were statistically significant in a univariate logistic regression model. At the follow-up examination, 67 women (5%) were newly diagnosed with NAFLD. The incidence of NAFLD was 3.5% (28/802) in premenopausal women, 7.5% (4/53) in menopausal women, 6.1% (24/392) in postmenopausal women, and 5.3% (11/206) in women receiving hormone replacement therapy. The weight gain in premenopausal women was equal to that in postmenopausal women. Metabolic syndrome and weight gain were independent risk factors for NAFLD in pre-and postmenopausal women, but age was an independent risk factor in premenopausal women only. CONCLUSION: Aging is a risk factor for NAFLD in premenopausal women, independent of weight gain or influence of metabolic syndrome.

The importance of diet in osteoporosis

The knowledge of risk factors associated with the development of osteoporosis (OP) is vital in the prevention strategy of this disease and its physical and economic consequences. The epidemiological characteristics of our population of postmenopausal women exhibit a pattern similar to that described in other studies, showing a proportional relationship between the magnitude of the risk factor and the severity of osteopenia/osteoporosis. Moreover, we observed protective effects for several dietary factors, such as the consumption of fruits, vegetables, and cereals;the moderate consumption of fish, alcohol, and dairy products;and the low intake of red meat, on spinal bone mineral density (BMD). Only the intake of grains and vegetables exerted protective effects on hip BMD.

Liuwei Dihuang Pill(六味地黄丸)Treats Postmenopausal Osteoporosis with Shen(Kidney) Yin Deficiency via Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Signal Pathway by Up-regulating Cardiotrophin-Like Cytokine Factor 1 Expression

Objectives： To investigate the mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang Pill （六味地黄丸, LDP） in treating postmenopausal osteoporosis （PMOP） with Shen （Kidney） yin deficiency. Methods： In this study, 205 cases of PMOP were divided into the PMOP Shen-yin deficiency group （Group A）, PMOP Shen-yang deficiency group （Group B）, PMOP without Shen deficiency group （Group C）, and control group （Group N）. Real-time polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and Western blot techniques were used to observe the effects of LDP treatment on the cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 （CLCF1）, ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 1 （ASB1）, and proldneticin 2 （PROK2） genes and the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription （JAK/STAT） signaling pathway. Results： The mRNA （P〈0.05） and protein （P〈0.01） expression levels of the CLCF1 gone in Group A were significantly lower than the corresponding levels in Group N. After LDP treatment for 3 months, the mRNA expression levels of the CLCF1 gone were obviously up-regulated （P〈0.01）. After 6-month treatment, the expression levels of CLCF1 mRNA and protein were significantly up-regulated （both P〈0.01）, and the average bone density of the top femur had significantly increased （P〈0.05）. In vitro, CLCF1 overexpression resulted in a significant increase in the total protein and phosphorylated protein levels of JAK2 and STAT3. Conclusions： The CLCF1 gone is an important gone associated with PMOP Shen-yin deficiency and the therapeutic effects of LDP may be mediated by up-regulation of CLCF1 gone expression and activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.

Risk factors associated with osteoporosis and fracture in psoriatic arthritis

Background:Although there are few studies mentioned there may be some relationship between psoriatic arthritis(PsA)and osteoporosis,clinical data in real world still need to be clarified in China.The aim of this study was to assess the areal and volumetric bone mineral density(BMD),frequency of fracture,and risk factors in patients with PsA.Methods:A total of one hundred PsA patients who visited Peking University First Hospital and one hundred age-and sex-matched healthy controls with DXA data were enrolled in the study.Patients with clinical fractures confirmed by X-ray during follow-up were also recorded.Clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded and compared between the abnormal BMD group and the normal BMD group,as well as between the fracture and non-fracture groups.Risk factors for fracture and low BMD were analyzed.Results:Mean BMD at the total hip and femoral neck was significantly lower in PsA patients than that in healthy controls(0.809±0.193vs.0.901±0.152 g/cm^(2),P=0.041;0.780±0.146vs.0.865±0.166 g/cm^(2),P=0.037,respectively).Moreover,lumbar spine BMD was negatively correlated with psoriasis duration,swollen joint count and DAS28-CRP(r=-0.503,-0.580,-0.438;P<0.05).Total hip BMD and femoral neck BMD were negatively correlated with HAQ(r=-0.521,-0.335;P<0.05).Fractures occurred in 29 patients during the follow-up period.Logistic regression analysis showed that older age(OR 1.132[95%CI:1.026-1.248),P<0.05],higher HAQ score(OR 1.493,95%CI:1.214-1.836,P<0.01),higher disease activity index for psoriatic arthritis(OR 1.033,95%CI:1.002-1.679,P<0.05)and hip joint involvement(OR 6.401,95%CI:4.012-44.180,P<0.05)were risk factors for fracture in the multivariate model.Conclusions:Increased risks of osteoporosis and fracture were found in PsA patients compared to healthy controls.Besides age,high disease activity and hip joint involvement were risk factors for decreased BMD and fracture.

β-CTX、t-P1NP及N-MID-OT在绝经后女性骨质疏松性骨折风险评估中的应用

目的探讨β胶原特殊序列(β-crosslaps,β-CTX)、总1型胶原氨基端延长肽(t-P1NP)及N端中段骨钙素(N-MID-OT)在绝经后女性骨质疏松性骨折风险评估中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2020年2月至2022年12月解放军总医院第六医学中心收治的102例绝经后骨质疏松(postmenopausal osteoporosis,PMOP)患者的临床资料,将其作为研究组,并根据是否发生骨折将其分为PMOP骨折组(39例)与PMOP未骨折组(63例),另选100名健康体检者作为对照组。记录所有研究对象的β-CTX、t-P1NP及N-MID-OT水平并进行比较,用ROC曲线评价β-CTX、t-P1NP及N-MID-OT在绝经后女性骨质疏松性骨折风险评估中的应用价值。结果研究组的平均体重、体质量指数、股骨颈骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、左髋总和BMD及L 1~4总和BMD均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);而两组研究对象的平均年龄、平均身高及绝经年龄等比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组的β-CTX、t-P1NP及N-MID-OT均明显高于对照组(t值依次为12.688、37.430、26.599,P<0.05)。β-CTX+t-P1NP+N-MID-OT联合检测用于预测PMOP的AUC值为0.978,敏感度为98.04%,特异度为97.00%,表明β-CTX+t-P1NP+N-MID-OT三指标联合检测用于预测PMOP的效能更高。PMOP骨折组的β-CTX、t-P1NP及N-MID-OT均明显高于PMOP未骨折组(t值依次为6.078、16.363、12.227,P<0.05)。β-CTX+t-P1NP+N-MID-OT联合检测用于评估PMOP骨折风险的AUC值为0.939,敏感度为94.87%,特异度为95.24%,表明β-CTX+t-P1NP+N-MID-OT联合检测用于评估PMOP骨折风险的效能更高。结论PMOP患者β-CTX、t-P1NP及N-MID-OT水平均明显升高,而PMOP骨折患者β-CTX、t-P1NP及N-MID-OT水平升高更为明显,且β-CTX+t-P1NP+N-MID-OT联合检测可显著提高对PMOP预测及骨折风险评估效能,值得借鉴。

双能X射线吸收法诊断青海地区女性绝经后类风湿性关节炎患者骨质疏松症及其危险因素分析

目的:探讨双能X射线吸收法(DXA)诊断青海地区女性绝经后类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者发生骨质疏松症(OP)的危险因素。方法:选取2022年5月至2023年4月青海省中医院收治的200例绝经后女性RA患者,所有患者入院后均进行骨密度(BMD)检测,采用DXA测量腰椎L1~L4、腰整体、大转子、Ward's三角区、整体、前臂整体等部位。根据BMD检测结果,将患者各部位BMD的T值≤-2.5 SD纳入OP组(121例),BMD的T值>-2.5 SD纳入非OP组(79例)。对比分析两组RA患者不同部位的BMD的T值;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)分析BMD的T值诊断OP效能;采用logistic回归法分析青海地区绝经后RA患者发生OP的危险因素。结果:OP组L1、L2、L3、L4、腰整体、大转子、Ward's三角区、整体及前臂整体BMD的T值均明显低于非OP组。ROC曲线分析中,L1、L2、L3、L4、腰整体、大转子、Ward's三角区、整体及前臂整体BMD的T值诊断OP的灵敏度分别为96.20%、95.22%、90.16%、96.03%、92.01%、89.36%、99.26%、90.02%和96.03%,特异度分别为81.00%、82.19%、85.22%、83.06%、83.06%、90.22%、80.06%、86.23%和83.09%,AUC分别为0.908、0.905、0.896、0.906、0.903、0.879、0.918、0.901和0.906。logistic回归分析中,高龄、病程长、28个关节的风湿活动度评分(DAS28)、血沉及补充钙剂等均为青海地区绝经后女性RA患者发生OP的危险因素。结论:DXA检测RA发生OP患者BMD可作为OP评估的“金标准”,且影响青海地区绝经后女性RA患者发生OP的危险因素较多,临床应结合相关因素制定合理的措施,以降低OP的发生率。

1560例健康体检人员骨质疏松患病率及影响因素分析

目的 评估宁夏银川市金凤区部分居民的骨质疏松、骨量减少情况,对骨质疏松的发病风险因素进行分析。方法 随机抽取常住金凤区居民1 560人。所有调查对象均进行问卷调查、体格检查、骨密度测定等,将所有体检人群按照年龄、性别、身体质量指数(BMI)、受教育程度、平均日照时间长度等进行分层分析,再将骨密度(BMD)及T值与年龄、性别、BMI、血尿酸(SUA)、肾小球滤过率(eGFR)等进行相关性分析。结果 骨量正常占44.17%,骨量减少占10.96%,骨质疏松占44.87%。男性人群中30岁及以上骨质疏松发病率为44.60%,40岁及以上为51.38%,50岁及以上为59.29%,60岁及以上为71.65%,70岁及以上为78.09%;女性人群中,40岁以上出现骨质疏松发病率为58.62%,50岁及以上为74.47%,60岁及以上为80.74%,70岁及以上为81.41%。将BMD、T值与其他数据做Pearson相关性分析,提示BMD及T值的降低与年龄的增长、BMI的增加、FPG的增高、SUA的增高、eGFR的降低有明确相关性(P<0.05);校正BMI、年龄之后,BMD及T值与FPG、SUA、eGFR的上述相关性仍然存在(P<0.05)。结论 年龄越大、受教育程度越低、日照时间越少、肥胖或消瘦均会损害骨骼健康,超重有利于骨密度的保持;高血糖的情况越重、高尿酸的情况越差、eGFR水平越差越容易损害骨量。

骨质疏松症患者腰椎骨折预测模型的构建

目的基于腰椎定量CT(QCT)骨密度值和骨代谢指标构建骨质疏松症(OP)患者发生腰椎骨折的预测模型。方法以骨质疏松性腰椎骨折患者52例(骨折组)和OP患者104例(未骨折组)为研究对象,分析骨折组腰椎QCT骨密度值与血清Ⅰ型原胶原C-端前肽(P1CP)、骨钙素N端中分子片段(N-MID)及β-胶联降解产物(β-CTX)指标间的相关性,Logistic回归分析患者腰椎骨折发生的影响因素,构建预测模型并分析其预测价值。结果与未骨折组比较,骨折组的女性、跌倒史占比高,β-CTX水平高,维生素D/钙剂用药史占比、腰椎QCT骨密度值、P1CP、N-MID水平低(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,骨折患者腰椎QCT骨密度值与血清P1CP、N-MID呈正相关,与β-CTX呈负相关(r分别为0.523、0.506、-0.536,P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,较高水平的腰椎QCT骨密度值、P1CP、N-MID及维生素D/钙剂用药史是腰椎骨折发生的保护因素,较高水平β-CTX是危险因素(P<0.05)。构建的预测模型预测腰椎骨折的敏感度为84.62%,特异度为97.12%,曲线下面积为0.926(95%CI:0.873~0.962)。预测模型的校准度良好,一致率为0.910。结论较高水平的腰椎QCT骨密度值、P1CP、N-MID及低水平β-CTX的OP患者腰椎骨折风险较低,使用维生素D及钙剂可有效预防OP患者,尤其女性腰椎骨折的发生。

绝经后骨质疏松症患者外周血中GRP78和ATF4的表达水平及临床意义

目的探究绝经后骨质疏松症(postmenopausal osteoporosis,PMO)患者外周血中葡萄糖调节蛋白78(glucoseregulated protein 78,GRP78)和激活转录因子4(activating transcription factor 4,ATF4)的水平及临床意义。方法选取2018年12月—2021年5月石家庄市第三医院创伤骨科收治的96例PMO患者为PMO组,另选取同期96名体检健康的绝经女性为正常组。比较PM O组和正常组的一般资料;采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清GR P78、ATF4水平;利用电化学发光免疫分析仪测定血清β-胶原特殊序列(β-Crosslaps)、Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端前肽(procollagenⅠtype N-terminal propeptide,PINP)水平;利用双能X线骨密度仪检测腰椎骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD);采用Pearson法分析PMO患者血清GRP78、ATF4水平与β-Crosslaps、PIN P、BM D的相关性及PMO患者血清GR P78表达水平与ATF4的相关性;用Logistic回归分析PMO发生的影响因素。结果PMO组患者腰臀比、BMD低于正常组(t=9.76、15.47,P均<0.001);血清GRP78、ATF4、β-Crosslaps、PINP水平高于正常组(t=18.32、16.81、8.15、14.84,P均<0.001);PMO患者血清GRP78、ATF4水平与β-Crosslaps、PINP均呈正相关(r=0.56、0.48、0.48、0.52,P<0.001、<0.001、<0.001、=0.006),与BMD呈负相关(r=-0.54、-0.44,P均<0.001);PMO患者血清GRP78水平与ATF4呈正相关(r=0.595,P<0.001);PINP、GRP78、β-Crosslaps、ATF4是影响PMO发生的危险因素(OR=2.518、2.672、2.271、2.336,P均<0.001),BMD是影响PMO发生的保护因素(OR=0.583,P<0.001)。结论PMO患者血清GRP78、ATF4水平较高,均与β-Crosslaps、PINP、BMD相关,GRP78、ATF4可能是诊治PMO的潜在靶标,测定血清GRP78、ATF4水平有助于临床防治PMO。

骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折术后临近椎体再发骨折的危险因素分析

目的:分析骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture OVCF)经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)或经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗后临近椎体再发骨折(adjacentvertebral compression fracture,AVCF)的相关危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2018年4月至2020年2月郑州市第一人民医院脊柱外科行PVP或PKP手术治疗的148例OVCF患者的临床资料,根据术后有无临近椎体再骨折分成AVCF组(27例)和非AVCF组(121例)。记录患者的年龄、性别、初始骨折椎体数量、初始骨折部位(T10-L2、非T10-L2)、体重指数(BMI)、手术方式(PVP、PKP)、术前腰1椎体CT值、术后伤椎高度恢复率。采用Logistic回归分析确定潜在危险因素。结果:所有患者随访6~18mon,平均10 mon。148例中共发现AVCF 27例(18.2%)。两组患者在性别、年龄、初次骨折椎体数、初次骨折部位、手术方式及BMI方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。AVCF组腰1椎体CT值明显低于非AVCF组(P<0.05),而AVCF组伤椎高度恢复率明显高于非AVCF组(P<0.05)。单因素分析结果显示:腰1椎体CT值与伤椎高度恢复率与OVCF术后AVCF明显相关(P<0.05);多因素分析结果显示:腰1椎体CT值≤80 HU及伤椎高度恢复率是导致OVCF术后AVCF的独立危险因素。结论:腰1椎体CT值伤椎高度恢复率是OVCF患者PVP或PKP术后AVCF的危险因素。

绝经后女性患者血清Smad4和Osterix水平与骨密度及骨折发生率的相关性分析

目的分析绝经后女性患者血清Smad同源物4(Smad4)和成骨细胞特异性转录因子(Osterix)水平与骨密度(BMD)及骨折发生率的相关性。方法选取2020年5月至2022年5月西安交通大学第二附属医院收治的157例45~70岁绝经女性作为研究对象,按BMD将患者分为BMD正常组(n=51)、BMD减少组(n=59)、骨质疏松症(OP)组(n=47);根据是否骨折分为骨折组(n=48)和非骨折组(n=109)。检测研究对象血清Smad4、Osterix、β胶原降解产物(β-CTX)、Ⅰ型胶原氨基端延长肽(P1NP)、骨桥蛋白(OPN)及N端骨钙素(N-MID)水平;分析血清Smad4与Osterix的相关性,及血清Smad4、Osterix与骨代谢指标间的相关性,以及影响患者发生OP的因素。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清Smad4、Osterix水平对发生骨折风险的预测价值。结果与BMD正常组比较,BMD减少组和OP组的β-CTX、P1NP、OPN、N-MID依次升高,股骨BMD、腰椎L1-4BMD依次降低(P<0.05);BMD减少组和OP组的血清Smad4和Osterix水平依次降低(P<0.05);OP组骨折发生率显著高于BMD正常组和BMD减少组(P<0.001),BMD减少组骨折发生率显著高于BMD正常组(P=0.027)。骨折组的血清Smad4、Osterix水平显著低于非骨折组(P<0.05)。Pearson分析结果表明,Smad4和Osterix的表达水平呈正相关(P<0.05);Spearman分析结果表明,Smad4表达水平与β-CTX、P1NP、OPN和N-MID呈负相关(P<0.05),与股骨BMD和腰椎L1-4BMD呈正相关(P<0.05);Osterix的表达水平与β-CTX、P1NP、OPN和N-MID呈负相关(P<0.05),与股骨BMD和腰椎L1-4BMD呈正相关(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,低水平Smad4、Osterix、股骨BMD、腰椎L1-4BMD是影响OP发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。绘制ROC曲线结果显示,血清Smad4预测骨折风险的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.937,血清Osterix预测骨折风险的AUC为0.911,二者联合预测骨折风险的AUC为0.974,二者联合优于血清Smad4和Osterix各自单独诊断(Z联合vs.Smad4=3.843、Z联合vs.Osterix=2.386,P<0.05)。结论绝经后OP患者血清Smad4和Osterix呈低表达,与患者的骨代谢生化指标和BMD密切相关,且是影响OP发生的独立危险因素,二者联合可以更好地预测患者发生骨折的风险。

绝经后骨质疏松患者药物干预依从性影响因素分析

目的 分析绝经后骨质疏松患者药物干预依从性影响因素。方法 选取2018年1月—2020年6月在本院治疗的绝经后骨质疏松患者220例为研究对象,给予患者抗骨质疏松药物治疗,并对其用药后1年、2年、3年进行随访,了解患者用药情况,询问并统计自行停药患者的停药原因,分析其药物干预依从性的影响因素。结果 患者在2年停药率高于1年、3年(P<0.05);小学及以下教育程度、无骨质疏松家族史、无其他骨质疏松药物史、有合并基础疾病、既往无因骨质疏松住院是影响患者药物干预依从性的主要危险因素。结论 绝经后骨质疏松患者药物干预依从性较差,其主要受到教育程度、家族史及合并基础疾病等情况影响,在干预中可加强对患者健康宣教,提升患者对自身疾病和药物治疗的认知,加强对患者用药的管理,对于不同的停药患者采取有针对性的干预措施,进而提升患者用药的依从性。

经皮椎体成形后邻近椎体压缩骨折的危险因素

背景:经皮椎体成形术是治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折应用最广泛的方法,多数研究认为经皮椎体成形术会增加继发性邻近椎体压缩骨折的概率。然而,对于经皮椎体成形术后引起的邻椎再骨折相关危险因素仍然存在争议。目的:归纳并总结骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者行经皮椎体成形术后邻近椎体再发骨折的影响因素,为降低其发生风险以及制定相应治疗方案提供一定的参考。方法:以“骨质疏松症,骨折,经皮椎体成形术,邻近椎体压缩骨折,危险因素”为中文检索词,以“osteoporosis,osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,percutaneous vertebroplasty,adjacent vertebral compression fractures,risk factors”为英文检索词,应用计算机检索中国知网、万方医学网、维普、PubMed、Springer、ScienceDirect及Elsevier数据库收录的相关文献。检索时限重点为2018年1月至2023年9月,同时纳入少数经典远期文献。通过阅读文题和摘要进行筛选,最终纳入83篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折是骨质疏松症最常见的并发症之一,使老年患者致残和死亡的风险显著增加。经皮椎体成形术是治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折切实有效的方法。(2)随着经皮椎体成形术的普及,继发椎体压缩性骨折也逐渐增多,以邻近椎体压缩骨折最为常见。(3)以往的研究仅讨论了骨密度、多发椎体骨折、身体质量指数、年龄、性别、骨水泥的用量、骨水泥渗漏及抗骨质疏松治疗等因素对经皮椎体成形术后继发邻近椎体压缩骨折的影响,而对于椎体骨折数量、手术时机、手术方式、骨水泥材料、骨水泥弥散分布、伤椎恢复高度和术后佩戴支具等方面总结的尚不全面,并且对危险因素引起邻椎骨折的具体机制分析也较为少见。(4)文章结果表明,骨密度过低、高龄、围绝经期女性、多发椎体骨折、伤椎高度的过度恢复、骨水泥渗漏、合并基础疾病及不良的生活习惯是经皮椎体成形术后继发邻近椎体压缩骨折的危险因素,保持正常的身体质量指数、早期手术、双侧经皮椎体成形术、使用新型骨水泥材料、适宜的骨水泥注射体积、均匀的骨水泥弥散分布、规律抗骨质疏松治疗和术后佩戴支具是经皮椎体成形术后继发邻近椎体压缩骨折的保护因素。

五运六气与绝经后骨质疏松症发生风险分析

目的研究五运六气与绝经后骨质疏松症是否存在关联性,以期为绝经后骨质疏松症的治疗提供新思路。方法选取1517例绝经后骨质疏松症患者,通过患者出生日期,推算天干、岁运、司天、主气、客气、主运、客运五运六气因素,判断其与绝经后骨质疏松症的相关性。结果绝经后骨质疏松症患者与出生时的天干、主气、主运及司天分布关联性分析,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),出生天干为甲年、主气为阳明燥金、主运为太羽、司天为阳明燥金患者更易罹患绝经后骨质疏松症。结论患者出生时的运气特点与绝经后骨质疏松症的发病风险相关。

血清BALP、BGP、β-CTx联合FRAX预测绝经后骨质疏松症患者髋部骨折风险的价值

目的探讨血清骨碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、骨钙素(BGP)、β-Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽(β-CTx)联合骨折风险评估工具(FRAX)预测绝经后骨质疏松症髋部骨折风险的价值。方法选取2020年1月至2022年12月该院收治的绝经后骨质疏松症患者132例纳入骨质疏松组,另选择同期在该院诊断为骨量下降的123例和骨量正常的120例绝经后女性分别纳入骨量下降组和对照组。比较各组血清BALP、BGP、β-CTx水平及FRAX检测的髋部骨折风险。对绝经后骨质疏松症患者进行4~36个月的随访,根据骨质疏松症患者髋部是否骨折将其分为骨折组和未骨折组。采用多因素Logistic回归分析绝经后骨质疏松症患者髋部骨折的影响因素,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清BALP、BGP、β-CTx与FRAX单独及联合对绝经后骨质疏松症患者髋部骨折的预测价值。结果骨质疏松组血清BALP、BGP、β-CTx水平和FRAX检测的髋部骨折风险均高于骨量下降组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),骨量下降组血清BALP、BGP、β-CTx水平和FRAX检测的髋部骨折风险均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。132例绝经后骨质疏松症患者随访过程中,共有44例发生髋部骨折,发生率为33.33%。骨折组BALP、BGP、β-CTx水平和FRAX检测的髋部骨折风险均高于未骨折组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,父母有髋部骨折史,有脆性骨折史、长期糖皮质激素治疗史、类风湿关节炎史,无规律补钙、缺乏阳光照射及血清BALP、BGP、β-CTx水平升高均是绝经后骨质疏松症患者髋部骨折的危险因素(P<0.05),骨密度(BMD)升高、体育锻炼则是绝经后骨质疏松症患者髋部骨折的保护因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,血清BALP、BGP、β-CTx联合FRAX预测绝经后骨质疏松症患者髋部骨折的灵敏度、曲线下面积(AUC)分别为95.45%、0.954,均高于单独预测(P<0.05)。结论血清BALP、BGP、β-CTx及FRAX均对绝经后骨质疏松症患者髋部骨折发生风险具有一定的预测价值,且4项指标或方法联合检测的预测价值更高。

类风湿关节炎患者并发骨质疏松的列线图预测模型的构建

目的分析类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)患者并发骨质疏松(osteoporosis,OP)的危险因素并构建Nomogram预测模型。方法选取2022年7月~至2023年12月青海省中医院收治的RA患者312例作为研究对象,并根据患者是否并发OP分为OP组(n=143)和非OP组(n=169)。比较两组患者一般临床资料,多因素Logistic回归分析筛选影响RA患者并发OP的独立风险因素,R软件“rms”包构建Nomogram预测模型。结果两组间患者年龄、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、钙摄入>600 mg/d、使用糖皮质激素史、25-羟维生素D[25-hydroxyvitamin D,25(OH)D]、骨碱性磷酸酶、甲状旁腺激素、白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-6、类风湿因子、Sharp评分、28个关节疾病活动度评分(disease activity score-28,DAS28)等差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。年龄>63岁、使用糖皮质激素史、25(OH)D≤15.85 ng/mL、甲状旁腺激素>36.54 pg/mL、IL-6>22.15 pg/mL、类风湿因子>97.87 IU/mL、Sharp评分>79分、DAS28评分>6分是RA患者并发OP的独立危险因素(P<0.05),基于此构建的预测模型C指数为0.949(0.924~0.974),且校正曲线趋近于理想曲线。决策曲线结果显示,风险阈值>0.06时,此预测模型所提供的临床净收益较高。结论年龄较大、有使用糖皮质激素史、25(OH)D较低、甲状旁腺激素较高、IL-6较高、类风湿因子较高、Sharp评分较高、DAS28评分较高是RA患者并发OP的独立危险因素,基于此构建的Nomogram预测模型能有效预测RA患者并发OP的高风险群体。

类风湿关节炎患者发生骨质疏松的危险因素分析及风险预测模型建立

目的:研究类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)患者发生骨质疏松的危险因素,并建立列线图预测模型。方法:共纳入283例RA患者,以8∶2的比例随机分成建模组(n=226)和验证组(n=57),分析RA患者发生骨质疏松的危险因素,建立预测模型。采用Bootstrap法对模型进行内部验证,验证组进行外部验证。利用ROC曲线的AUC和校准曲线对预测模型进行评价。结果:性别(P=0.046)、年龄(P=0.016)、病程(P=0.004)、红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)(P<0.001)和钙离子(calcium ion,Ca^(2+))浓度(P=0.004)是RA患者发生骨质疏松的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。根据以上危险因素,建立预测RA患者发生骨质疏松的列线图模型。校准曲线提示,建模组和验证组的预测值与实测值基本相符。建模组AUC为0.83,95%CI:0.78~0.88,验证组AUC为0.86,95%CI:0.78~0.88,表明此模型具有较好的预测效果。结论:以年龄、性别、病程、ESR及Ca^(2+)为预测因子构建的列线图模型可有效预测RA患者发生骨质疏松的概率。