Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of postoperative intra-abdominal abscesses

Although endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided drainage has become the standard procedure for pancreatic pseudocysts in recent years and is generally regarded as a safe and effective method,there have been few reports of EUS-guided drainage of postoperative intra-abdominal abscesses.Here we report our experience with 4 cases of postoperative intraabdominal abscesses for which EUS-guided drainage was performed between May 2011 and May 2014.Distal pancreatectomy had been performed in 3 cases,whereas low anterior resection for rectal cancer was performed in the remaining case.All patients underwent transgastric naso-cystic drainage,which resulted in clinical improvement without complications,even when performed within 4 wk after surgery.On average,the naso-cystic drain was removed 10 d after placement,with no abscess recurrence.Based on these findings,we believe that EUS-guided drainage of postoperative intraabdominal abscesses is a safe and effective method,although further large-scale investigations are required to confirm our findings.

Chinese medicine compound Changtong oral liquid on postoperative intestinal adhesions

AIM: The aim of this study was to observe the effect of a Chinese medicine compound Changtong oral liquid (CT) on tissue plasminogen activity (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), TGF-β1 and hydroxyproline (OHP). METHODS: Two sets of animal experiments were performed in the present study. Forty New Zealand rabbits and 48 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were assigned randomly to one of the five groups: sham adhesion, adhesion with saline, adhesion with low dosage of the CT, adhesion with middle dosage of the CT and adhesion with high dosage of the CT. t-PA and PAI activity in plasma, OHP and TGF-β1 expression in adhesion were investigated. Analysis of variance was used to test differences among groups. RESULTS: CT treatment increased plasma t-PA activity in rabbits but decreased TGF-β1 activity in rats. The data were expressed from low to high dose respectively as follows: t-PA, 46.1±8.6 μkat/L, 59.6±10.1 μkat/L, 64.0±11.5 μkat/L; TGF-β1 28±7.23%, 31±3.05%, 30±4.04%. There were significant differences compared with saline-treated animals (t-PA 26.4±5.1 μkat/L, TGF-β1 54±5.51%). OHP content in cecum of rabbits from middle and high but not low dose of CT lowered significantly as compared with saline-treated rabbits, 0.3641±0.1373, 0.3348±0.0321, 0.2757±0.0497 mg/g vs 0.4183±0.0883 mg/g of protein, P>0.05, P<0.05, P<0.05 respectively. The rabbit plasma PAI activity and OHP content in abdominal wall had no difference in all groups. CONCLUSION: CT treatment significantly enhanced t-PA activity in rabbits, but decreased TGF-β1 content in rats, OHP content in cecum of rabbits, and failed to affect the activity of PAI and OHP content in abdominal wall in rabbits, compared with saline group. The result suggests that CT could effectively prevent adhesions without interfering wound healina.

Nanoengineered Shear-Thinning Hydrogel Barrier for Preventing Postoperative Abdominal Adhesions

More than 90%of surgical patients develop postoper-ative adhesions,and the incidence of hospital re-admissions can be as high as 20%.Current adhesion barriers present limited efficacy due to difficulties in application and incompatibility with minimally invasive interventions.To solve thisclinical limitation,we developed an injectable and sprayable shear-thinning hydrogel barrier(STHB)composed of silicate nanoplatelets and poly(ethylene oxide).We optimized this technology to recover mechanical integrity after stress,enabling its delivery though inject-able and sprayable methods.We also demonstrated limited cell adhesion and cytotoxicity to STHB compositions in vitro.The STHB was then tested in a rodent model of peritoneal injury to determine its e cacy preventing the formation of postoperative adhesions.After two weeks,the peritoneal adhesion index was used as a scoring method to determine the formation of postoperative adhesions,and STHB formulations presented superior e cacy compared to a commercially available adhesion barrier.Histological and immunohistochemical examination showed reduced adhesion formation and minimal immune infiltration in STHB formulations.Our technology demonstrated increased e cacy,ease of use in complex anatomies,and compatibility with di erent delivery methods,providing a robust universal platform to prevent postoperative adhesions in a wide range of surgical interventions.

Identification of candidate biomarkers correlated with pathogenesis of postoperative peritoneal adhesion by using microarray analysis

BACKGROUND Postoperative peritoneal adhesion(PPA),characterized by abdominal pain,female infertility,and even bowel obstruction after surgery,has always been a major concern.The occurrence and formation of adhesion are from complex biological processes.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying the basis of microarray data profile,followed by peritoneal adhesion formation,are largely unknown.AIM To reveal the underlying pathogenesis of PPA at the molecular level.METHODS The gene expression profile was retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus database for our analysis.We identified a panel of key genes and related pathways involved in adhesion formation using bioinformatics analysis methods.We performed quantitative PCR and western blotting in vivo to validate the results preliminarily.RESULTS In total,446 expressed genes were altered in peritoneal adhesion.We found that several hub genes(e.g.,tumor necrosis factor,interleukin 1 beta,interleukin 6,CX-C motif chemokine ligand 1,C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2)were marked as significant biomarkers.Functional analysis suggested that these genes were enriched in the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway.According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and published studies,TLR4,myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88(MyD88),and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)played essential roles in Toll-like signaling transduction.Here,we obtained a regulatory evidence chain of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB/inflammatory cytokines/peritoneal adhesion involved in the pathogenesis of postoperative adhesion.The results of the microarray analysis were verified by the animal experiments.These findings may extend our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of PPA.CONCLUSION The regulatory evidence chain of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB/inflammatory cytokines/peritoneal adhesion may play key roles in the pathogenesis of PPA.Future studies are required to validate our findings.

Daikenchuto for postoperative adhesive small bowel obstruction:A systematic review and meta-analysis

AIMTo assess the effectiveness of Daikenchuto for patients with postoperative adhesive small bowel obstruction （ASBO）.METHODSA systematic search of PubMed （MEDLINE）, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library and Ichushi Web was conducted, and the reference lists of review articles were hand-searched. The outcomes of interest were the incidence rate of surgery, the length of hospital days and mortality. The quality of the included studies, publication bias and between-study heterogeneity were also assessed.RESULTS Three randomized controlled trials （RCTs） and three retrospective cohort studies were selected for analysis. In the three RCTs, Daikenchuto signifcantly reduced the incidence of surgery （pOR = 0.13; 95%CI： 0.03-0.50）. Similarly, Daikenchuto signifcantly reduced the incidence of surgery （pOR = 0.53; 95%CI： 0.32-0.87） in the three cohort studies. The length of hospital stay and mortality were not measured or described consistently.CONCLUSIONThe present meta-analysis demonstrates that admini-stering Daikenchuto is associated with a lower incidence of surgery for patients with postoperative ASBO in the Japanese population. In order to better generalize these results, additional studies will be needed.

Poor oncologic outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with intra-abdominal infection after hepatectomy

AIM: To evaluate the impact of postoperative infectious complications on hepatocellular carcinoma following curative hepatectomy.METHODS:We performed a retrospective analysis of200 hepatocellular carcinoma patients who underwent hepatectomy at our institution between September2003 and June 2011.The patients’demographics,clinicopathological characteristics and postoperative infectious complications were analyzed.The ClavienDindo classification was adopted to assess the severity of complications.The dynamic change in the neutrophilto-lymphocyte ratio,defined as the absolute neutrophil count divided by the absolute lymphocyte count,after surgery was also investigated.The observation endpoints for this study were recurrence-free survival and overall survival of the patients.Statistical analysis of the survival curves was performed using the KaplanMeier method and the log-rank test.The prognosticvalue of each variable for predicting prognosis was assessed via multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.The cutoff score for each variable was selected based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.All statistical tests were two-sided,and significance was set at P<0.05.RESULTS:The median age of the patients was 49years,and the majority of patients were male(86%)and had been infected with hepatitis B virus(86%).The 30-d postoperative infectious complication rate was34.0%(n=68).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that postoperative infection was significantly correlated with tumor recurrence(P<0.001).The postoperative intra-abdominal infection group exhibited a worse prognosis than the non-intra-abdominal infection group(P<0.001).A significantly increased incidence of postoperative intra-abdominal infection was observed in the patients with hepatic cirrhosis(P=0.028),concomitant splenectomy(P=0.007)or vascular invasion(P=0.026).The patients who had an elevated postoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio change(>1.643)clearly exhibited poorer recurrence-free survival than those who did not(P=0.009),although no significant correlation was observed between overall survival and the change in the postoperative neutrophilto-lymphocyte ratio.Based on multivariate analysis,hepatitis B surface antigen positivity,Child-TurcottePugh class B,an elevated postoperative neutrophilto-lymphocyte ratio change and intra-abdominal infection were significant predictors of poor recurrencefree survival.Hepatic cirrhosis,the maximal tumor diameter and intra-abdominal infection were significant predictors of overall survival.CONCLUSION:Postoperative intra-abdominal infection adversely affected oncologic outcomes,and the change in postoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was a good indicator of tumor recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma patients after curative hepatectomy.

Cationic polypeptides in a concept of oppositely charged polypeptides as prevention of postsurgical intraabdominal adhesions

Background: Two differently charged polypeptides, α-poly-L-lysine and poly-L-glutamate, have previously been shown to effectively reduce postoperative intraabdominal adhesions. Though α-poly-L-lysine showed toxicity in doses too close to the lowest therapeutic dose, the aim in the present study was to investigate the possible antiadhesive effect of another four cationic polypeptides. Materials/Methods: 125 mice were studied with a standardized and reproducible adhesion model and given epsilon poly-L-lysine, lactoferrin, lysozyme and polyarginine respectively in a combination with poly-L-glutamate. Epsilon poly-L-lysine was also tested in different concentrations and as single treatment. Results: All four cationic polypeptides above showed a significantly better anti-adhesive effect than the controls receiving saline (p<0.05). Epsilon poly-L-lysine had the best antiadhesive effect of the new substances tested in the experiment. Single treatment with the epsilon poly-L-lysine showed toxic side effects. Discussion: We have shown that epsilon poly-L-lysine, polyarginine, lysozyme and lactoferrin, in descending order, all can reduce postoperative intraabdominal adhesions in mice when combined with poly-L-glutamate. There were side effects of epsilon poly-L-lysine resembling those of α-poly-L-lysine, although less toxic. The antiadhesive effect of epsilon poly-L-lysine did not reach the level of α-poly-L-lysine. Further studies will concentrate on additional investigation, trying to modify the α-poly-L-lysine to lower its toxicity. The less toxic epsilon poly-L-lysine also needs further attention in our research of antiadhesive bioactive polypeptides.

术后腹腔粘连形成机制及间充质干细胞外泌体的治疗前景

背景:术后腹腔粘连的形成是一个复杂的过程,预防术后粘连是临床上亟待解决的问题。目的:旨在从细胞及分子水平分析粘连的发生机制,为间充质干细胞外泌体预防和治疗粘连提供理论依据。方法:以“腹腔粘连,盆腔粘连,术后粘连,上皮间充质转化,间充质干细胞,干细胞外泌体,间充质干细胞外泌体”为中文检索词,以“Abdominal adhesion,pelvic adhesion,postoperative adhesion,epithelial mesenchymal transformation,mesenchymal stem cell,stem cell exosomes,mesenchymal stem cell exosomes”为英文检索词,检索PubMed、中国知网和中国生物医学文献数据库,筛选各数据库建库至2023年8月发表的术后腹腔粘连及间充质干细胞外泌体干预研究的相关文章,并进行系统的整理分析,最终纳入54篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)任何腹膜炎症、机械损伤、组织缺血和异物植入等病理因素均可引起腹膜表面的损伤,引起术后腹腔粘连;腹腔粘连的形成过程包括腹膜间皮细胞修复、炎性反应、纤溶系统及凝血途径等过程的相互作用,涉及多种细胞因子及信号通路,包括Wnt/β-catenin通路能诱导纤维化和血管生成,并与转化生长因子β/Smads信号通路相互协同,能刺激成纤维细胞增殖,引起腹膜纤维化;同时,核转录因子kB信号通路上调细胞炎症因子的表达,促进成纤维细胞增生,组织纤维化的过程中发挥关键作用。(2)干细胞的旁分泌功能是目前以再生医学为基础的分子干预腹腔粘连的重要方向,可以参与作用于腹腔粘连中的多种复杂细胞因子及信号通路。(3)相对于传统治疗腹腔粘连的方法,间充质干细胞外泌体具有生物活性、使用安全、无需特殊培养和扩增、更低的免疫原性及较长的稳定性等优势,能通过多种途径引导一种正常的修复和愈合。(4)间充质干细胞外泌体在以往研究中均被证明可以参与调节粘连形成的上述各过程,在临床研究中显示出潜在的应用前景,但需要进一步临床研究以探索适当的间充质干细胞外泌体治疗方案,来解决临床转化的问题。

Effects of medical adhesives in prevention of complications after endoscopic submucosal dissection

AIM:To evaluate the use of medical adhesive spray in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). METHODS:Patients who underwent ESD between January 2009 and June 2012 (n = 173) were enrolled in the prospective randomized study. Two patients undergoing surgery due to severe intraoperative hemorrhage and failed hemostasis were excluded, and the remaining 171 patients were randomly divided into two groups:group A (medical adhesive group, n = 89) and group B (control group, n = 82). In group A, a medical adhesive spray was evenly applied after routine electrocoagulation and hemostasis using hemostatic clip after ESD. Patients in group B only treated with routine wound management. Intraoperative and postoperative data were collected and compared. RESULTS:In all 171 patients, ESD was successfully completed. There was no significant difference in the average treatment time between groups A and B (59.4 min vs 55.0 min, respectively). The average length of hospital stay was significantly different between group A and B (8.89 d vs 9.90 d, respectively). The incidence of intraoperative perforation was 10.1% in group A and 9.8% in group B, and was not significantly different between the two groups. In all cases, perforations were successfully managed endoscopically and with conservative treatment. The incidence of postoperative delayed bleeding in group A was significantly lower than that in group B (0.00% vs 4.88%, respectively). CONCLUSION:ESD is an effective minimally invasive treatment for gastrointestinal precancerous lesions or early-stage gastrointestinal cancer. Medical adhesive spray is effective in preventing delayed bleeding after ESD, and can thus reduce the average length of hospital stay.

Cytokine orchestration in post-operative peritoneal adhesion formation

Peritoneal adhesions are a near inevitable occurrence after laparotomy and a major cause of both patient and physician misery. To date, clinical attempts at their amelioration have concentrated on manipulating the physical factors that affect their development despite a wealth of experimental data elucidating the molecular mechanisms that underlie their initiation, development and maturation. However, the advent of targeted, specific anti-cytokine agents as directed therapy for inflammatory and neoplastic conditions raises the prospect of a new era for anti-adhesion strategies. To harness this potential will require considerable cross-disciplinary collaboration and that surgeon-scientists propel themselves to the forefront of this emerging fi eld.

Prevention strategies of postoperative adhesion in soft tissues by applying biomaterials:Based on the mechanisms of occurrence and development of adhesions

Postoperative adhesion(POA)widely occurs in soft tissues and usually leads to chronic pain,dysfunction of adjacent organs and some acute complications,seriously reducing patients’quality of life and even being life-threatening.Except for adhesiolysis,there are few effective methods to release existing adhesion.However,it requires a second operation and inpatient care and usually triggers recurrent adhesion in a great incidence.Hence,preventing POA formation has been regarded as the most effective clinical strategy.Biomaterials have attracted great attention in preventing POA because they can act as both barriers and drug carriers.Nevertheless,even though much reported research has been demonstrated their efficacy on POA inhibition to a certain extent,thoroughly preventing POA formation is still challenging.Meanwhile,most biomaterials for POA prevention were designed based on limited experiences,not a solid theoretical basis,showing blindness.Hence,we aimed to provide guidance for designing anti-adhesion materials applied in different soft tissues based on the mechanisms of POA occurrence and development.We first classified the postoperative adhesions into four categories according to the different components of diverse adhesion tissues,and named them as“membranous adhesion”,“vascular adhesion”,“adhesive adhesion”and“scarred adhesion”,respectively.Then,the process of the occurrence and development of POA were analyzed,and the main influencing factors in different stages were clarified.Further,we proposed seven strategies for POA prevention by using biomaterials according to these influencing factors.Meanwhile,the relevant practices were summarized according to the corresponding strategies and the future perspectives were analyzed.

2-Octyl-Cyanoacrylate Skin Adhesive Used as a Splinting Material in Auricular Surgery

In cases of auricular surgery, postoperative dressings are thought to be important for keeping auricular contour and in helping to prevent from dressing failures due to edema or subcutaneous hematoma, which may result in fibrous or cartilaginous proliferation. However, it is often difficult to achieve success with standard dressings because of the complicated shape of the auricle. We used 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate skin adhesive to dress the auricle after different types of auricular procedures (five cases of cryptotia, two of prominent ear, two of severe auricular laceration, two of skin grafting and one of flap repair of the partial auricle defect). The 2-octyl-cyanoacrlaate skin adhesive was applied to the suture line and the operated and peripheral areas for wider coverage. No dressing materials were placed over the surface. In all cases, the desired outcome was achieved, without subcutaneous hematoma, wound dehiscence, and wound infection. Contact dermatitis caused by the skin adhesive was not observed in any of the cases. Dressing and splinting after auricular surgery can be simply and successfully achieved using 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate skin adhesive. There is no need for more complicated dressings and post-surgical dressing changes, resulting in higher patient satisfaction.

血清VCAM-1、PECAM-1水平与MMSE评分联合检测对老年全髋关节置换术患者术后谵妄的预测价值

目的探讨术前血清血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)、血小板内皮细胞黏附分子-1(PECAM-1)水平与简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评分联合检测对老年全髋关节置换术(THA)患者术后谵妄(POD)的预测价值。方法选择住院并行手术治疗的髋部骨折老年患者200例作为研究对象,并根据术后3 d内是否发生POD分为POD组(44例)和非POD组(156例)。收集2组患者的临床资料,术前采用MMSE评估患者的认知状况,并检测术前、术后第1天和第3天血清VCAM-1、PECAM-1水平。对比2组患者上述指标的差异,并分析术前血清VCAM-1、PECAM-1水平与MMSE评分的相关性。应用多因素Logistic回归分析老年THA患者发生POD的影响因素。构建受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估术前血清VCAM-1水平、PECAM-1水平、MMSE评分单独及联合检测对老年THA患者并发POD的预测价值。结果POD组年龄、医院焦虑抑郁量表评分、术中低血压发生率、术后住院时间明显高于或长于非POD组,MMSE评分低于非POD组(P<0.05)。POD组术前、术后第1天和术后第3天血清VCAM-1、PECAM-1水平升高,且高于非POD组(P<0.05)。老年THA患者术前血清VCAM-1、PECAM-1水平分别与MMSE评分呈负相关(r分别为-0.390、-0.501,均P<0.01)。术前血清VCAM-1和PECAM-1水平升高以及术后住院时间延长为老年THA患者发生POD的独立危险因素,MMSE评分升高为独立保护因素(P<0.05)。术前血清VCAM-1(AUC=0.793,95%CI:0.730~0.847)、PECAM-1(AUC=0.799,95%CI:0.736~0.852)及MMSE评分(AUC=0.805,95%CI:0.744~0.858)对THA患者发生POD均有较高的预测价值,三项指标联合预测的效能更高。结论血清VCAM-1、PECAM-1水平升高与老年THA患者认知功能受损有关,且均为老年THA患者发生POD的独立预测因子,术前检测以上指标可能对POD的早期防治具有重要价值。

加味补阳还五汤抑制腹膜间皮细胞上皮-间充质转换防治术后腹腔粘连的实验研究

目的探讨加味补阳还五汤治疗术后腹腔粘连(Postoperative abdominal adhesions,PAA)的疗效和机制。方法将108只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、透明质酸钠组、加味补阳还五汤组。模型组、透明质酸钠组及加味补阳还五汤组进行PAA模型造模,透明质酸钠阳性对照组。分别于术后7、14、28天分批处死,在损伤部位进行目视评分,取材并进行苏木素-伊红染色、马松染色并进行粘连评级,扫描电镜观察腹膜间皮细胞的超微结构。应用免疫组织化学法观察粘连部位的上皮-间充质转换(EMT)相关细胞标志蛋白E-cadherin及α-SMA的表达情况。结果①加味补阳还五汤防治PAA的疗效评价:加味补阳还五汤组Diamod目视粘连积分降低(P<0.05),HE染色和Masson染色粘连等级降低(P<0.05)。②腹膜间皮细胞损伤修复情况:扫描电镜显示加味补阳还五汤组视野内能见到铺路状腹膜间皮细胞,表明加味补阳还五汤组能改善PAA盲肠浆膜侧腹膜间皮细胞的损伤。③腹膜间皮细胞EMT相关指标表达情况:加味补阳还五汤组E-Cadherin蛋白表达增多(P<0.05),α-SMA蛋白表达减少(P<0.05)。结论加味补阳还五汤及透明质酸钠均能有效防治PAA,其疗效可能是通过减轻腹膜间皮细胞EMT实现的。

加味补阳还五汤对术后腹腔粘连TGF-β1/Smad3通路和腹膜间皮细胞上皮-间充质转化的影响

目的探讨加味补阳还五汤对术后腹腔粘连转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor-beta1,TGF-β1)/Smad3通路和腹膜间皮细胞的上皮-间充质转化的影响。方法将108只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、透明质酸钠组、加味补阳还五汤组。模型组、透明质酸钠组及加味补阳还五汤组进行术后腹腔粘连模型造模,透明质酸钠为阳性对照组,在手术造模后,一次性腹腔喷洒1%的透明质酸钠凝胶,0.5mL/kg。加味补阳还五汤组术后第2天开始灌胃,灌胃剂量为19.5g/(kg·d)。分别于术后7、14、28d分批将动物处死,每次每组处死9只大鼠。在损伤部位取材:应用免疫组织化学法观察粘连部位的纤维化通路相关蛋白TGF-β1、Smad3、Smad7的表达情况;以及其下游胶原沉积相关蛋白Ⅰ型胶原(CollagenⅠ,Col-Ⅰ)、Ⅲ型胶原(CollagenⅢ,Col-Ⅲ)的表达情况和上皮-间充质转化(Epithelialmesenchy-maltransition,EMT)相关的蛋白E-钙黏蛋白(E-Cadherin)、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(alpha-smoothmuscleactin,α-SMA)的表达情况。结果①不同组别间,术后7、14、28d3个时间节点,TGF-β1/Smad3纤维化通路相关蛋白表达情况:与正常组比较,模型组TGF-β1蛋白表达增多(均为P<0.01);与模型组比较,透明质酸钠组和加味补阳还五汤组TGF-β1蛋白表达减少(均为P<0.05)。与正常组比较,模型组Smad3蛋白表达增多(均为P<0.05);与模型组比较,透明质酸钠组和加味补阳还五汤组Smad3蛋白表达减少(P<0.05)。与正常组比较,模型组Smad7蛋白表达减少(均为P<0.01);与模型组比较,透明质酸钠组和加味补阳还五汤组Smad7蛋白表达增多(均为P<0.05)。②胶原沉积情况:术后7、14、28d3个时间节点,Col-Ⅰ蛋白表达存在差异:与正常组比较,模型组Col-Ⅰ蛋白表达增多(均P<0.01);与模型组比较,透明质酸钠组和加味补阳还五汤组Col-Ⅰ蛋白表达减少(均P<0.01)。与正常组比较,模型组Col-Ⅲ蛋白表达增多(均P<0.01);与模型组比较,透明质酸钠组和加味补阳还五汤组Col-Ⅲ蛋白表达减少(均P<0.01)。③EMT相关指标表达情况:不同组别间,术后7、14、28d3个时间节点,E-Cadherin蛋白表达存在差异:与正常组比较,模型组E-Cadherin蛋白表达减少(均P<0.05);与模型组比较,透明质酸钠组和加味补阳还五汤组E-Cadherin蛋白表达增多(均P<0.05)。与正常组比较,模型组α-SMA蛋白表达增多(均P<0.01);与模型组比较,透明质酸钠组和加味补阳还五汤组α-SMA蛋白表达减少(均P<0.05)。结论加味补阳还五汤防治术后腹腔的机制可能是通过抑制TGF-β1/Smad3通路相关蛋白TGF-β1、Smad3蛋白、促进Smad7蛋白的表达抑制纤维化;促进E-Cadherin蛋白、减少α-SMA蛋白表达,减轻腹膜间皮细胞的EMT,抑制Col-Ⅰ、Col-Ⅲ的表达减少细胞外基质的沉积,从而减轻腹膜粘连。

基于Th1、Th2细胞因子探讨清肠合剂改善术后腹腔粘连的机制

目的探讨清肠合剂改善大鼠术后腹腔粘连的效果及其可能的作用机制。方法75只SD大鼠随机分为5组:空白组、假手术组、模型组、清肠合剂组及透明质酸钠组。除空白组和假手术组外,其余3组采用盲肠刮擦法建立腹腔粘连大鼠模型;透明质酸钠组用2 mL透明质酸钠凝胶均匀涂抹受损的腹壁及盲肠后关腹。清肠合剂组造模成功后每日予2 mL清肠合剂(14.58 g/kg)灌胃1次,其余4组予等体积生理盐水灌胃。每组分别于术后第3、7、14天处死5只大鼠,采用Nair’s评分评估腹腔粘连情况,并收集术后7 d粘连组织或正常腹膜组织,应用荧光定量PCR法检测白细胞介素(IL)-4、信号转导和转录激活因子6(STAT-6)及干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)的mRNA表达水平;Western blot检测IL-4、IL-10、STAT-6及IFN-γ的蛋白表达情况;苏木精-伊红染色后光镜下观察各组粘连组织病理变化,评估炎症和纤维形成情况。结果与空白组和假手术组相比,模型组粘连组织中IL-4、STAT-6的mRNA和蛋白表达水平以及IL-10的蛋白表达水平下降,IFN-γ的mRNA和蛋白表达水平、炎症评分及纤维评分均升高(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,清肠合剂组和透明质酸钠组的IL-4和STAT-6的mRNA和蛋白表达水平以及IL-10蛋白表达水平均升高;Nair’s评分、炎症评分、纤维评分以及IFN-γ的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均降低(P<0.05)。结论清肠合剂可以抑制术后腹腔粘连的形成,其机制可能与调控辅助性T细胞1、辅助性T细胞2相关的细胞因子,降低炎症反应水平有关。

一种美容外科用粘合剂的粘接性能及应用效果

针对传统缝线缝合处理术后切口易发生感染和易形成瘢痕的问题,提出一种新型组织粘合剂的制备。试验结果表明,N⁃羟乙基丙烯酰胺浓度为50%,明胶甲基丙烯酰胺浓度为1%,甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯浓度为15%,光引发剂Lap浓度为0.05%,光照时间为150 min制备的粘合剂性能最佳。此时粘合剂拉伸强度为305.9 kPa,粘接强度为102 kPa;烘干组剪切强度为1.8 MPa,非烘干组剪切强度为1 MPa;溶胀48 h后,溶胀率未超过800%;储能模量超过2.5 MPa,远高于损耗模量;烘干或经过PBS浸泡后,仍旧保持一定的黏度和强度;在室温条件下放置30 h后,含水量仍维持在20%左右;对枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌有很好且很稳定的抑制作用,表现出良好的综合性能。

祛瘀消膜汤联合温针灸对药物流产不全刮宫术后宫腔粘连、内膜纤维化及血清sFIt-1、BNIP3的影响

目的:观察祛瘀消膜汤联合温针灸对药物流产不全刮宫术后宫腔粘连、内膜纤维化及血清Bcl2相互作用蛋白3(BNIP3)、可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体-1(sFlt-1)的影响。方法:选择2020年1月至2023年5月该院收治的药物流产不全患者96例,分组方式为随机数字表法。所有患者均给予刮宫术后常规治疗,对照组48例患者在刮宫术后给予温针灸治疗,联合组48例患者在对照组的基础上给予祛瘀消膜汤治疗。比较两组患者的临床疗效、治疗前后中医证候评分,记录腹痛持续时间、阴道出血时间和月经复潮时间,通过宫腔镜检查观察治疗后宫腔粘连发生率,检测治疗前后的血清sFIt-1、BNIP3、黄体生成素(LH)、雌激素(E2)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平,通过逆转录聚合酶链反应检测子宫内膜组织基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP9)、转化生长因子β3(TGF-β3)mRNA表达水平。结果:联合组患者的总有效率为97.92%(47/48),较对照组的83.33%(40/48)更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,联合组患者产后恶露淋漓涩滞不爽、小腹疼痛拒按、淋漓量少、色紫黯有块、脉弦涩或沉而有力、舌紫黯或边有紫点评分较对照组降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组患者腹痛持续时间、阴道出血时间和月经复潮时间短于对照组,宫腔粘连发生率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,联合组患者的E2水平高于对照组,LH、TNF-α水平低于对照组,BNIP3、sFlt-1水平高于对照组,MMP9、TGF-β3 mRNA表达水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:祛瘀消膜汤联合温针灸治疗药物流产不全刮宫术后患者,可调节性激素水平,改善炎症状态,提高BNIP3、sFlt-1水平,改善子宫内膜纤维化,提升宫腔抗粘连作用,缓解病情,提高临床疗效。

A sandwiched patch toward leakage-free and anti-postoperative tissue adhesion sealing of intestinal injuries

Ideal repair of intestinal injury requires a combination of leakage-free sealing and postoperative antiadhesion.However,neither conventional hand-sewn closures nor existing bioglues/patches can achieve such a combination.To this end,we develop a sandwiched patch composed of an inner adhesive and an outer antiadhesive layer that are topologically linked together through a reinforced interlayer.The inner adhesive layer tightly and instantly adheres to the wound sites via-NHS chemistry;the outer antiadhesive layer can inhibit cell and protein fouling based on the zwitterion structure;and the interlayer enhances the bulk resilience of the patch under excessive deformation.This complementary trilayer patch(TLP)possesses a unique combination of instant wet adhesion,high mechanical strength,and biological inertness.Both rat and pig models demonstrate that the sandwiched TLP can effectively seal intestinal injuries and inhibit undesired postoperative tissue adhesion.The study provides valuable insight into the design of multifunctional bioadhesives to enhance the treatment efficacy of intestinal injuries.

Bottlebrush inspired injectable hydrogel for rapid prevention of postoperative and recurrent adhesion

Postsurgical adhesion is a common clinic disease induced by surgical trauma,accompanying serious subsequent complications.Current non-surgical approaches of drugs treatment and biomaterial barrier administration only show limited prevention effects and couldn’t effectively promote peritoneum repair.Herein,inspired by bottlebrush,a novel self-fused,antifouling,and injectable hydrogel is fabricated by the free-radical polymerization in aqueous solution between the methacrylate hyaluronic acid(HA-GMA)and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide(HPMA)monomer without any chemical crosslinkers,termed as H-HPMA hydrogel.The H-HPMA hydrogel can be tuned to perform excellent self-fused properties and suitable abdominal metabolism time.Intriguingly,the introduction of the ultra-hydrophilic HPMA chains to the H-HPMA hydrogel affords an unprecedented antifouling capability.The HPMA chains establish a dense hydrated layer that rapidly prevents the postsurgical adhesions and recurrent adhesions after adhesiolysis in vivo.The H-HPMA hydrogel can repair the peritoneal wound of the rat model within 5 days.Furthermore,an underlying mechanism study reveals that the H-HPMA hydrogel significantly regulated the mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition(MMT)process dominated by the TGF-β-Smad2/3 signal pathway.Thus,we developed a simple,effective,and available approach to rapidly promote peritoneum regeneration and prevent peritoneal adhesion and adhesion recurrence after adhesiolysis,offering novel design ideas for developing biomaterials to prevent peritoneal adhesion.