Successful Treatment of Postpeak Stage Patients with ClassⅡ Division 1 Malocclusion Using Non-extraction and Multiloop Edgewise Archwire Therapy: A Report on 16 Cases

Aim To determine cephalometrically the mechanism of the treatment effects of non-extraction and multiloop edgewise archwire （MEAW） technique on postpeak Class Ⅱ Division 1 patients. Methodology In this retrospective study, 16 postpeak Class Ⅱ Division 1 patients successfully corrected using a non-extraction and MEAW technique were cephalometrically evaluated and compared with 16 matched control subjects treated using an extraction technique. Using CorelDRAW software, standardized digital cephalograms preand post-active treatments were traced and a reference grid was set up. The superimpositions were based on the cranial base, the mandibular and the maxilla regions,and skeletal and dental changes were measured. Changes following treatment were evaluated using the paired-sample t-test. Student＇s t-test for unpaired samples was used to assess the differences in changes between the MEAW and the extraction control groups. Results The correction of the molar relationships comprised 54% skeletal change （mainly the advancement of the mandible） and 46% dental change. Correction of the anterior teeth relationships comprised 30% skeletal change and 70% dental change. Conclusion The MEAW technique can produce the desired vertical and sagittal movement of the tooth segment and then effectively stimulate mandibular advancement by utilizing the residual growth potential of the condyle.

A testing system to understand rock fracturing processes induced by different dynamic disturbances under true triaxial compression

In this context,a testing system to understand rock fracturing processes induced by different dynamic disturbances under true triaxial compression was developed.The system is mainly composed of a static loading subsystem,a dynamic loading subsystem,a specimen box subsystem,and a data measurement subsystem.The static loading subsystem uses low stiffness loss frame structure technology,which greatly improves the frame stiffness in the three principal stress directions(up to 20 GN/m)and ensures the demand of the disturbance experiment in both the prepeak and postpeak stages.The disturbance loads with frequency of 0e20 Hz and stress level of 0e30 MPa were applied using large flow parallel oil source technology characterized with high heat dissipation efficiency.For the disturbance loads with frequency of 100e500 Hz and stress level of 0e30 MPa,they were realized by using high-frequency and centimeter-per-second-scale low-speed disturbance rod technology.Three rigid self-stabilizing specimen boxes were utilized to provide support for the specimen and deformation sensors,ensuring the stability and accuracy of the data obtained.To verify the performance of the true triaxial test system,disturbance experiments were conducted on granite specimens.The results show that the experimental device satisfies the requirements of original design,with an excellent repeatability and reliable testing results.

混杂纤维增强超高性能混凝土弯曲韧性

为研究混杂纤维增强超高性能混凝土(UHPC)的增韧特性,本文通过33个四点弯曲梁试验研究了单掺钢纤维,单掺钢纤维分别与粗聚烯烃纤维、聚乙烯醇纤维、聚酯纤维、玻璃纤维和玄武岩纤维混掺对改善超高性能混凝土梁弯曲韧性的贡献。测定了荷载-挠度全曲线,分析了纤维品种、几何尺寸对梁增韧效果的影响,并对试件断面形态进行了微观电镜扫描。结果表明:与单掺钢纤维相比,混杂纤维超高性能混凝土具有良好的弯曲变形硬化特性,变形后期仍然具有较高的承载力。本文提出的硬化指数可以较好地表征混杂纤维超高性能混凝土硬化特性。本文明确了混杂纤维超高性能混凝土的增韧特性和增韧机理,提出了混杂纤维超高性能混凝土弯曲韧性的评价指标,为实际工程应用提供参考。

Fan‐hinged shear instead of frictional stick–slip as the main and most dangerous mechanism of natural,induced,and volcanic earthquakes in the earth's crust

Frictional stick–slip instability along pre‐existing faults has been accepted as the main mechanism of earthquakes for about 60 years,since it is believed that fracture of intact rocks cannot reflect such features inherent in earthquakes as low shear stresses activating instability,low stress drop,repetitive dynamic instability,and connection with pre‐existing faults.This paper demonstrates that all these features can be induced by a recently discovered shear rupture mechanism(fan‐hinged),which creates dynamic ruptures in intact rocks under stress conditions corresponding to seismogenic depths.The key element of this mechanism is the fan‐shaped structure of the head of extreme ruptures,which is formed as a result of an intense tensile cracking process,with the creation of inter‐crack slabs that act as hinges between the shearing rupture faces.The preference of the fan mechanism over the stick–slip mechanism is clear due to the extraordinary properties of the fan structure,which include the ability to generate new faults in intact dry rocks even at shear stresses that are an order of magnitude lower than the frictional strength;to provide shear resistance close to zero and abnormally large energy release;to cause a low stress drop;to use a new physics of energy supply to the rupture tip,providing supersonic rupture velocity;and to provide a previously unknown interrelation between earthquakes and volcanoes.All these properties make the fan mechanism the most dangerous rupture mechanism at the seismogenic depths of the earth's crust,generating the vast majority of earthquakes.The detailed analysis of the fan mechanism is presented in the companion paper“New physics of supersonic ruptures”published in DUSE.Further study of this subject is a major challenge for deep underground science,earthquake and fracture mechanics,volcanoes,physics,and tribology.

染料木素对后期蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

【目的】探讨染料木素对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、鸡蛋品质和蛋黄抗氧化指标的影响。【方法】采用单因子设计,将450只490日龄罗曼蛋鸡随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复50只。Ⅰ(对照)、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组日粮中分别添加0,500和1 000mg/kg染料木素,每日记录各组蛋鸡的产蛋量和蛋质量,每周统计1次采食量和料蛋比,计算产蛋率。587日龄时,从每组随机取6枚鸡蛋,测定蛋形指数、蛋比重、蛋壳相对质量、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、哈夫单位及蛋黄中染料木素、维生素A、维生素E和丙二醛(MDA)的含量。【结果】与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅲ组蛋鸡采食量和产蛋率显著提高(P<0.05),料蛋比显著降低(P<0.05);蛋质量、蛋形指数和蛋比重差异均不显著(P>0.05),蛋壳相对质量、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度和哈夫单位显著提高(P<0.05);蛋黄中染料木素含量显著提高(P<0.05),MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05),维生素A和维生素E含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。Ⅱ组蛋鸡除蛋壳强度外,其余指标均与Ⅰ组差异不显著。【结论】在产蛋后期蛋鸡日粮中添加染料木素,可提高蛋鸡的产蛋性能及鸡蛋的品质和抗氧化能力。

枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、免疫及肠道菌群的影响

本试验旨在通过研究枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、免疫及肠道菌群的影响,探明其应用效果和适宜添加量。试验选用1440只产蛋后期(47周龄)"新杨黑"蛋鸡,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复90只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,3个试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.25%、0.5%、0.75%的枯草芽孢杆菌制剂(等量的沸石粉被替换),试验期60 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组Ⅰ能显著提高蛋鸡的平均蛋重(P<0.05),显著降低腹泻率(P<0.05);试验组Ⅱ和试验组Ⅲ能显著提高蛋鸡的产蛋率、平均蛋重、蛋黄相对重、血清Ig A和Ig G含量(P<0.05),降低破蛋率、料蛋比和腹泻率(P<0.05);3个试验组能不同程度的显著降低盲肠中大肠杆菌数量(P<0.05),提高乳酸菌和双歧杆菌数量(P<0.05)。结论:枯草芽孢杆菌制剂可显著提高产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和免疫,改善肠道健康,且适宜添加剂量为0.5%。

聚丙烯纤维和粗骨料对尾砂胶结充填体延性和流动性的影响

添加聚丙烯纤维和粗集料已成为提高尾砂胶结充填体强度和稳定性的常用方法,研究尾矿-骨料比和纤维含量对CTB试样力学性能的影响具有重要意义。本文基于抗压强度、坍落度和微观结构试验,建立了纤维和尾骨比对CTB试样强度、延性和流动性影响的回归模型。结果表明:考虑抗压强度、开裂应变、峰值应变和峰后延性,尾矿-骨料比为5:5、纤维掺量为0.5 kg/m^(3)时性能最优;其中尾骨比与强度呈一元二次关系,与坍落度呈负线性相关。微观结构分析结果表明,纤维主要表现为桥接作用,棒磨砂作为充填体骨架,可提高CTB的致密性和峰后延性。本文研究结果对认识和应用粗集料和纤维来改善CTB的力学性能具有重要意义。

煤岩组合体峰后卸加载力学特性及支护作用机理

为深入研究煤岩组合体的峰后卸加载力学特性,采用PFC(Particle Flow Code)数值模拟软件对其进行了模拟试验,分析了不同卸载应力水平、卸载速率和支护方案对其强度、弹性模量、峰值轴向应变、冲击能量指数及声发射等特征的影响。结果表明:煤岩组合体在峰后阶段已经产生损伤,其峰后卸加载强度、弹性模量、冲击能量指数和最大声发射撞击计数均低于峰前常规单轴压缩的结果。在相同的卸载速率下,峰后卸载应力水平越高,煤岩组合体峰后卸加载强度越高。卸载速率对煤岩组合体峰后卸加载有整体强化和局部弱化两方面的作用。在相同峰后卸载应力水平条件下,随卸载速率的增加,煤岩组合体峰后卸加载强度呈“先增大、后减小”的演化特征。支护能够显著提高破碎煤岩组合体的强度和弹性模量,但只有稳定的支护方式才能够有效降低其冲击能量指数。为提高破碎煤岩体的稳定性和降低冲击风险,应当选择具有高强度、高可靠性和大变形能力的支护系统并增加护表面积。工程示例证明研究成果对现场工程实践具有指导意义。