Study on synergistic leaching of potassium and phosphorus from potassium feldspar and solid waste phosphogypsum via coupling reactions

To achieve the resource utilization of solid waste phosphogypsum(PG)and tackle the problem of utilizing potassium feldspar(PF),a coupled synergistic process between PG and PF is proposed in this paper.The study investigates the features of P and F in PG,and explores the decomposition of PF using hydrofluoric acid(HF)in the sulfuric acid system for K leaching and leaching of P and F in PG.The impact factors such as sulfuric acid concentration,reaction temperature,reaction time,material ratio(PG/PF),liquid–solid ratio,PF particle size,and PF calcination temperature on the leaching of P and K is systematically investigated in this paper.The results show that under optimal conditions,the leaching rate of K and P reach more than 93%and 96%,respectively.Kinetics study using shrinking core model(SCM)indicates two significant stages with internal diffusion predominantly controlling the leaching of K.The apparent activation energies of these two stages are 11.92 kJ·mol^(-1)and 11.55 kJ·mol^(-1),respectively.

Removal of dolomite and potassium feldspar from apatite using simultaneous flotation with a mixed cationic-anionic collector

This study aims to investigate the effect of a cationic-anionic mixed collector(dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide/sodium oleate(DTAB/NaOL)on the selective separation of apatite,dolomite,and potassium feldspar.Herein,several experimental methods,including flotation experiments,zeta-potential detection,microcalorimetry detection,XPS analysis and FTIR measurements,were used.The flotation tests showed that dolomite and potassium feldspar can be successfully removed from apatite simultaneously when the molar ratio of DTAB to NaOL was 2:1 with pH 4.5.Zeta-potential and microcalorimetry detection suggested that NaOL and DTAB were adsorbed on the surface of dolomite and potassium feldspar respectively,and part of NaOL and DTAB formed co-adsorption on the surface of potassium feldspar to enhance the floatability of potassium feldspar.The XPS and FTIR spectra analysis demonstrated that the cationic collector,DTAB,was first adsorbed on the surface of potassium feldspar through electrostatic attraction in the DTAB/NaOL mixture system.Subsequently,the anionic NaOL collector and cationic DTAB collector form an electron neutralisation complex,thereby resulting in co-adsorption on the surface of potassium feldspar.NaOL was chemically reacted and adsorbed on dolomite surface,but almost no collector was adsorbed on apatite surface.Finally,the adsorption models of different collectors on mineral surface were obtained.

Simultaneous mineralization of CO_2 and recovery of soluble potassium using earth-abundant potassium feldspar

CO2 capture and storage(CCS) is an important strategy in combatting anthropogenic climate change.However,commercial application of the CCS technique is currently hampered by its high energy expenditure and costs.To overcome this issue,CO2 capture and utilization(CCU) is a promising CO2 disposal method.We,for the first time,developed a promising method to mineralize CO2 using earth-abundant potassium feldspar in order to effectively reduce CO2 emissions.Our experiments demonstrate that,after adding calcium chloride hexahydrate as an additive,the K-feldspar can be transformed to Ca-silicates at 800 C,which can easily mineralize CO2 to form stable calcium carbonate and recover soluble potassium.The conversion of this process reached 84.7%.With further study,the pretreatment temperature can be reduced to 250 C using hydrothermal method by adding the solution of triethanolamine(TEA).The highest conversion can be reached 40.1%.The process of simultaneous mineralization of CO2 and recovery of soluble potassium can be easily implemented in practice and may provide an economically feasible way to tackle global anthropogenic climate change.

钾长石混盐焙烧-浸出提钾过程研究

中国钾盐资源匮乏,而钾长石是一种重要的钾赋存形式。然而,钾长石的开发技术难度大、成本高,至今尚未实现工业化应用。为了解决钾长石开发利用过程中钾提取温度高、浸出率低等问题,该研究选取了贵州铜仁地区钾长石矿为研究对象,探究了钾长石-硫酸钠-碳酸钙混盐的焙烧-浸出过程,考察了钾长石-硫酸钠-碳酸钙的焙烧配比、焙烧温度、焙烧时间、浸取剂浓度等因素对钾长石中钾元素浸出率的影响。实验结果显示,在焙烧体系均匀混合、焙烧温度为800~900℃、焙烧时间为1 h、m(钾长石)∶m(硫酸钠)∶m(碳酸钙)为(1∶1∶6)^(1∶1∶8)条件下,以质量分数为5%NaOH溶液作为浸取液,钾的浸出率可高达99.79%。该研究提供了一条提高钾长石资源利用效率、解决钾盐资源供应问题的新途径,并为相关工业生产提供了有力的技术支持。

微生物活化钾长石对玉米抗弱光低温逆境的研究初报

解钾菌活化钾长石的肥效不仅与微生物的活化效果有关,还与微生物的抗光温逆境功能有关。在3个恒温光照培养箱分别设置了弱光、全光和弱光低温条件下的玉米苗栽培试验,比较化肥(氯化钾)、微生物活化钾长石和化学活化钾长石在不同光温条件下的肥效。结果表明:微生物活化钾长石在全光和弱光条件下的肥效均优于化肥的,揭示了微生物不仅能活化矿质营养,还具有抗光温逆境的功能;在弱光条件下,微生物活化钾长石处理的玉米鲜质量和干质量较优,表明微生物分泌物提供的有机碳营养可补充弱光下光合产物的亏缺,其优势得以凸显;在全光条件下,化学活化钾长石处理的玉米鲜质量和干质量较高,表明全光条件下的光合产物较弱光条件下的有大幅增加,使碳亏缺大为缓解,其肥效得以更好地发挥;就抗光温逆境而言,化肥处理仍然不具有微生物活化的优势。

氧化钪对钾长石结晶釉组织结构和性能的影响

以钾长石为主晶相的釉料对解决四方相氧化锆陶瓷粘接强度不足且脆性大的问题具有良好的应用前景。本文通过DSC、XRD、SEM、硬度、强度、折射率、可见光透过率、热膨胀系数等测试,研究了Sc_(2)O_(3)含量对钾长石结晶釉结构及性能的影响。结果表明,当Sc_(2)O_(3)含量从0%(质量分数,下同)增加至10%,结晶釉的析晶温度从958.5℃降低至827.8℃,析晶能力增强,烧结后的结晶釉晶粒尺寸不断增大。随着Sc_(2)O_(3)含量的增加,结晶釉中伴随析出硅酸钪晶体,结晶釉的结晶度、努氏硬度、抗弯强度和折射率均在Sc_(2)O_(3)含量为6.67%时达到最佳,可见光透过率先减小后增大,热膨胀系数减小。

水热法活化钾长石工艺过程优化

对氧化钙和钾长石水热化学法提钾的工艺过程进行了研究和条件优化。在对反应助剂进行筛选的基础上,探讨了反应时间、反应温度、液固比和n Ca/n(Si+Al)对钾长石活化提钾的影响。通过正交实验,确定了钾长石活化提钾的最优工艺。并利用X射线衍射和傅里叶红外研究了处理后的滤渣的晶型情况。结果表明,优选的碱基反应助剂CaO,在最佳的反应条件下,钾的浸取率最高为89.24%。处理后的钾长石滤渣主要由完整度和结晶度较好的钾霞石、水钙铝榴石和葡萄石构成,显示钾长石晶体结构被破坏。

级配和含盐度对钾长石质粉砂的静水沉降影响试验研究

细颗粒泥沙的沉降过程中易发生絮凝现象,絮凝是否发生受到粒径、盐度、级配、矿物组成等多因素的影响。以钾长石为例,研究粒径、级配和含盐度对钾长石质粉砂静水沉降的影响。试验研究发现,清水中的钾长石质粉砂絮凝临界粒径约为30μm,盐水可将絮凝粒径上限提高至50μm。絮凝最优含盐度为15 ppt,但不同粒径的絮凝指标有差异,盐度对粒径小于50μm的细颗粒影响更大,絮凝更显著,50μm以上的粗颗粒基本不发生絮凝。就絮凝结构而言,粗颗粒的钾长石质粉砂以单颗粒沉降为主,细颗粒则表现为颗粒间聚并絮凝。

采用超导磁选回收白云鄂博矿钾板岩中钾长石试验研究

我国长石资源丰富,但富矿资源少,可被直接开采利用的优质钾长石资源并不多,绝大部分需通过富集才能达到工业应用的标准。内蒙古白云鄂博矿床是世界闻名的Fe-Nb-REO超大型矿床,钾板岩属于白云鄂博矿体上部围岩。在包头钢铁(集团)公司对该铁矿40余年的开采中,已剥离的富钾板岩作为废石在矿区大量堆存,总量超过3亿t,每年新增剥离富钾板岩达200万t,白云鄂博矿区钾板岩资源丰富,为提高白云鄂博矿物的综合利用,实现钾长石资源的可持续发展,提出从白云鄂博矿钾板岩中回收钾长石。长石矿物常与其他杂质矿物共生,特别是其中的铁等少量杂质元素,影响钾长石精矿的品质和应用,因此,有效去除高铁钾板岩中铁矿物和云母等硅酸盐类含铁杂质是提高钾长石品位的关键。对白云鄂博高铁富钾板岩进行工艺矿物学分析,确定了“破碎-磨矿-永磁磁选-超导磁选”工艺流程,针对K_(2)O品位12.66%、Na_(2)O品位为0.6%、TFe品位5.55%的钾板岩原矿,在磨矿细度为-0.074 mm占92%的条件下,经永磁磁选和超导磁选,最终获得K_(2)O品位为15.53%、回收率为54.21%、TFe品位为0.55%的钾长石精矿。结果表明,利用永磁+超导磁选工艺可以实现从钾板岩中高效回收钾长石,为综合回收利用白云鄂博矿钾板岩中的钾长石提供了新的途径。

钾长石酸浸工艺中氟循环利用可行性研究

以钾长石酸浸工艺为研究对象,研究氟化物回收的可行性,分析了负压介入钾长石酸浸工艺对氟回收的影响及氟循环利用对浸出钾的影响。结果表明,恒低压和组合工艺介入钾长石酸浸过程时,氟回收具备可行性。将定容后的釜底液滤液在系统压强为-0.06MPa(低压)、温度为85℃的环境中蒸馏0.5h,用50mL去离子水吸收,可得恒低压工艺和组合工艺的氟回收率分别达到14.14%和8.39%。组合工艺的钾浸出率最高,能有效将钾元素转化为离子态。

贺州市八步区塘贡钾长石矿地质特征及开发利用

作为一种重要的非金属矿产资源,钾长石被广泛应用于陶瓷、玻璃和水泥等建材行业。本文结合贺州市八步区塘贡钾长石矿的区域地质背景,分析矿床地质特征及其成因,然后设计钾长石矿开发利用方案,为钾长石矿的开发利用提供理论指导。经详查,矿床类型为风化花岗岩型钾长石矿。钾长石深埋于侏罗纪晚期的花岗岩岩体中,强风化层及中风化层是钾长石矿的主要蕴藏区域。评估结果显示,矿区钾长石资源量丰富,矿床储量规模为中型。经设计,矿山开采规模为大型,钾长石原矿开采量为120万t/a,主要产品有2种,即钾长石精矿和建筑用砂,可以实现资源的高效利用。

信阳上天梯凝灰岩矿物分析及应用研究

对信阳上天梯凝灰岩进行矿物鉴定、化学组成与矿物组成分析、矿物分离提纯、矿物解离度等全方位测试分析,开展针对性的理化测试、应用研究。上天梯凝灰岩具有高硅、富钾、低铁和自然白度高的特征。矿石w(K_(2)O)在7.3%~8.2%之间,远高于国内同类凝灰岩的K_(2)O含量(w(K_(2)O)<5%),钾长石矿物含量(质量分数)达55%,是凝灰岩中钾的主要赋存矿物,是一种新型“工业岩石”类型。

鄂北风化斑状花岗岩型钾长石矿床工业指标探究

鄂北地区产出丰富的风化斑状花岗岩型钾长石矿,但缺乏专门的地质勘查规范和明确的工业指标,给该类钾长石矿的勘查开发和管理带来不便。以七尖峰岩体北部的上大南冲钾长石矿床为例,通过系统布置小竖井坑探和钻探工程,采集钾长石化学分析样品和含矿率样品,探究风化斑状花岗岩型钾长石矿床的工业指标。综合该矿床样品的统计数据和区内矿山开采的实际情况,拟定了该矿床的工业指标,即矿石有用矿物:粒径≥1 cm的钾长石斑晶;矿石有用矿物的化学成分:K_(2)O+Na_(2)O含量≥11.0%、K_(2)O/Na_(2)O比值≥2.0、Fe_(2)O_(3)含量≤2.5%;矿石有用矿物的含矿率:单工程平均≥25%。研究成果可为鄂北乃至其他地区的风化斑状花岗岩型钾长石矿床的勘查开发提供借鉴,建议及时建立该类矿床勘查的地方标准,促进钾长石矿的规范管理。

广西贺州八步区炭围钾长石矿地质特征及开发利用

我国工业上对钾长石矿产资源应用较为广泛,主要应用于玻璃和陶瓷等相关行业中。钾长石矿床类型主要分为伟晶岩岩型、岩浆岩型、沉积岩型和风化斑状花岗岩型,其中风化斑状花岗岩型钾长石矿床具有易于开采、规模大和矿石品质好的特点。广西贺州八步区炭围钾长石矿属风化斑状花岗岩型矿床。本文通过总结该矿床的主要地质特征、矿石质量以及加工工艺,探讨其矿床成因及开发利用前景,旨在为该区域寻找同类型的钾长石矿床提供帮助。

20 Years Advances in Preparation of Potassium Salts from Potassic Rocks:A Review

Long-term research on key techniques of clean utilization of potassic rocks from over twenty localities has been performed to settle the shortage of soluble potassium resources in China. The results show that K-feldspar as the principal mineral enriched in potassium could be decomposed in the media of Ca（OH）_2, NaOH, KOH-H_2O solution via hydrothermal treatment, into tobermorite, hydroxylcancrinite, and kalsilite respectively. By further processing, these compounds are feasible for being as slow-release carrier of potassium nitrate, extracting alumina, and preparing farm-oriented fertilizers of potassium sulphate and nitrate. Correspondingly, the filtrate is KOH,（Na, K）_2SiO_3, and K_2SiO_3 solution, from which potassium carbonate, sulphate, nitrate, and phosphate could be easily fabricated. As NaO H and KOH are recycled in the processing chains by causticizing sodium and/or potassium metasilicate solutions, the hydrothermal alkaline techniques as developed in this research have several advantages as lower consumption of disposable mineral resources and energy, maximized utilization of potassic mineral resources, as well as clean productions etc. Based on the approaches presented in this paper, the technical system of efficiently utilizing insoluble potassium resources has been established. The hydrothermal alkaline methods are feasible to be industrialized on a large scale, thus resulting in decreasing imports of potash fertilizers, improving the pattern of potassium fertilizer consumption, and enhancing the supplying guarantee of potassium resource in China.

有机无机复混肥配施钾长石土壤调理剂对烤烟产质量及养分利用率的影响

探索菜籽油枯有机无机复混肥配施钾长石土壤调理剂对植烟土壤肥力及烤烟生长、产质量及肥料利用率的影响,为烟田施肥提供理论依据。以烤烟品种‘红花大金元’为材料,在云南昆明红壤上,开展田间试验,设置6个处理:T1(CK),施无机肥;T2,有机无机复混肥(与T1等氮磷钾);T3,有机无机复混肥+土壤调理剂(与T1等氮磷);T4,有机无机复混肥+土壤调理剂(T1减氮磷钾20%);T5,土壤调理剂+不施肥;T6,不施肥。结果表明:与CK相比,T2、T3显著增加土壤pH 0.51和0.69个单位,土壤有机质、水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾和SOC含量显著提高13.02%~43.48%,T2的TN含量较CK显著增加10.98%,T3、T4分别显著增加土壤C/N 16.02%和13.23%。T2、T3可促进烟株生长,叶面积和叶面积系数显著增加2.11%、4.50%和7.39%、23.96%。与CK相比,T2、T3烟叶上等烟比例和产值分别增加7.87%、17.66%和11.75%、29.37%;T3、T4产量较CK显著提高14.92%、8.80%。T2、T3可改善烟叶填充值与叶梗重,质地均匀、物理性质优异,且综合得分最高。与CK相比,T2、T3烟叶总糖、还原糖含量分别显著下降4.37%、4.43%和23.93%、10.9%,而T2和T3烟叶的总氮、烟碱含量较CK显著增加12.64%、11.11%及15.81%、8.12%;T2和T3烟叶钾和水溶性氯含量分别显著提高27.65%、35.94%和4.76%、14.29%,烟叶化学成分更加协调。与CK相比,T2、T3和T4显著提高氮素表观利用率13.40%~24.14%,T2、T3氮素生理利用率分别显著增加5.85%、10.75%;T2、T3和T4磷素表观利用率较CK显著增加42.49%、48.99%和16.26%,而磷素生理利用率较CK分别显著增加22.68%、34.88%和13.53%。与CK相比,T2、T3和T4钾素表观利用率分别显著提高11.88%、20.30%和7.67%,T2、T3显著增加钾素生理利用率分别为9.45%和18.87%。施菜籽油枯有机无机复混肥或有机无机复混肥配施钾长石土壤调理剂有利于提高土壤pH及提升土壤肥力,促进烟株生长,提高烟叶产量和品质,促进烤烟对氮、磷、钾肥利用。

Preparation of Potassium Sulphate from Microcline Powder

Agricultural potassium sulphate is one of the most important non-chloride potash, which is the main fertilizer of avoid chlorine crop. Soluble potassium resource is bare in China, while insoluble potassium resource with the main mineral of microcline is extremely abundant. The microcline powder used is collected from Mountain Changling, Luonan county of Shaanxi Province. The chemical analysis results showed that the main chemical components of the powder are SiO2, Al2O3 and K2O, the K2O content is up to 13.56% (shown in table 1).

Deferrization of Potassium-Rich Rocks And Hydrothermal Decomposition Using KOH

The potassium-feldspar can be decomposed using the KOH as additive via hydrothermal synthesis methods, which can destroy the structure of the potassium-feldspar and turns its K+ into water soluble potash resources and make its silica component utilized. The potassium-feldspar from Inner Mogolia was decomposed after iron removing and hydrothermal processes successively. The results showed(Table 1) that the iron could be removed up to 98.56% after the treatment of 90℃ for 2 hours with 5.8mol/L density of HCL solution. It is seen from the Table 1that the content of iron significantly decreased while the content of SiO2, Al2O3, K2O increase. The treated sample was used to be decomposed by hydrothermal method in KOH solution. The results showed that the dissolution rate of SiO2 could be up to 64.73% after the hydrothermal treatment of 260 ℃ for 2 hours with 1.2 mol/L density of KOH(Fig 1). The solid product is mailnly kalsilite phase.

K-Feldspar Decomposition Using CaO by Hydrothermal Method

The decomposition of K-Feldspar is significant to the development and utilization of K-feldspar as potassium resources. Potassium feldspar powder was decomposed successfully by hydrothermal method using CaO additive. Tobermorite solid and KOH solution were obtained as a result of the hydrothermal decomposition.

南秦岭冷水沟铜钼金矿床年代学及其地质意义

冷水沟铜钼金矿床位于南秦岭山阳—柞水矿集区内,是南秦岭晚中生代斑岩-矽卡岩型铜(钼)矿床的代表性矿床之一。冷水沟矿区内除斑岩-矽卡岩型铜钼矿体外,还发育构造蚀变岩型金矿体,但对于铜钼矿化与金矿化之间是否存在成因联系一直存在疑惑。本次通过对斑岩-矽卡岩型铜钼矿体中辉钼矿与构造蚀变岩型金矿体中蚀变钾长石和绢云母分别进行Re-Os和^(40)Ar-^(39)Ar定年,以期能够通过成矿年代学研究来厘定两者之间的成因联系。测试结果显示,斑岩-矽卡岩型铜钼矿体的辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄为(147.4±8.4)Ma,构造蚀变岩型金矿体中蚀变钾长石和绢云母^(40)Ar-^(39)Ar年龄约为144 Ma,两者在误差范围内一致,说明铜钼矿体和金矿体均形成于晚侏罗世—早白垩世,是同一成矿作用的产物,并与区域内晚侏罗世—早白垩世岩浆岩具有密切的成因联系。结合区域构造演化特征,本次研究结果显示冷水沟铜钼金矿床形成于晚中生代秦岭造山带构造体制转变的动力学背景。同时,冷水沟地区金矿成矿时代的限定也表明南秦岭地区存在晚侏罗世—早白垩世金矿成矿作用。