Vacancy healing for stable perovskite solar cells via bifunctional potassium tartrate

Perovskite solar cell has gained widespread attention as a promising technology for renewable energy.However, their commercial viability has been hampered by their long-term stability and potential Pb leakage. Herein, we demonstrate a bifunctional passivator of the potassium tartrate(PT) to address both challenges. PT minimizes the Pb leakage in perovskites and also heals cationic vacancy defects, resulting in improved device performance and stability. Benefiting from PT modification, the power conversion efficiency(PCE) is improved to 23.26% and the Pb leakage in unencapsulated films is significantly reduced to 9.79 ppm. Furthermore, the corresponding device exhibits no significant decay in PCE after tracking at the maximum power point(MPP) for 2000 h under illumination(LED source, 100 mW cm^(-2)).

The microbial community,nutrient supply and crop yields differ along a potassium fertilizer gradient under wheat-maize double-cropping systems

Soil microorganisms play critical roles in ecosystem function.However,the relative impact of the potassium(K)fertilizer gradient on the microbial community in wheat?maize double-cropping systems remains unclear.In this long-term field experiment(2008-2019),we researched bacterial and fungal diversity,composition,and community assemblage in the soil along a K fertilizer gradient in the wheat season(K0,no K fertilizer;K1,45 kg ha^(-1) K_(2)O;K_(2),90 kg ha^(-1)K_(2)O;K3,135 kg ha^(-1)K2O)and in the maize season(K0,no K fertilizer;K_(1),150 kg ha^(-1) K_(2)O;K_(2),300 kg ha^(-1)K_(2)O;K_3,450 kg ha^(-1)K_(2)O)using bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal internally transcribed spacer(ITS)data.We observed that environmental variables,such as mean annual soil temperature(MAT)and precipitation,available K,ammonium,nitrate,and organic matter,impacted the soil bacterial and fungal communities,and their impacts varied with fertilizer treatments and crop species.Furthermore,the relative abundance of bacteria involved in soil nutrient transformation(phylum Actinobacteria and class Alphaproteobacteria)in the wheat season was significantly increased compared to the maize season,and the optimal K fertilizer dosage(K2 treatment)boosted the relative bacterial abundance of soil nutrient transformation(genus Lactobacillus)and soil denitrification(phylum Proteobacteria)bacteria in the wheat season.The abundance of the soil bacterial community promoting root growth and nutrient absorption(genus Herbaspirillum)in the maize season was improved compared to the wheat season,and the K_(2)treatment enhanced the bacterial abundance of soil nutrient transformation(genus MND1)and soil nitrogen cycling(genus Nitrospira)genera in the maize season.The results indicated that the bacterial and fungal communities in the double-cropping system exhibited variable sensitivities and assembly mechanisms along a K fertilizer gradient,and microhabitats explained the largest amount of the variation in crop yields,and improved wheat?maize yields by 11.2-22.6 and 9.2-23.8%with K addition,respectively.These modes are shaped contemporaneously by the different meteorological factors and soil nutrient changes in the K fertilizer gradients.

Treatment of Helicobacter pylori with potassium competitive acid blockers:A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infects over half the global population,causing gastrointestinal diseases like dyspepsia,gastritis,duodenitis,peptic ulcers,GMALT lymphoma,and gastric adenocarcinoma.Eradicating H.pylori is crucial for treating and preventing these conditions.While conventional proton pump inhibitor(PPI)-based triple therapy is effective,there’s growing interest in longer acid suppression therapies.Potassium competitive acid blocker(P-CAB)triple and dual therapy are new regimens for H.pylori eradication.Initially used in Asian populations,vonoprazan(VPZ)has been recently Food and Drug Administration-approved for H.pylori eradication.AIM To assess the efficacy of regimens containing P-CABs in eradicating H.pylori infection.METHODS This study,following PRISMA 2020 guidelines,conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching MEDLINE and Scopus libraries for randomized clinical trials(RCTs)or observational studies with the following command:[("Helicobacter pylori"OR"H pylori")AND("Treatment"OR"Therapy"OR"Eradication")AND("Vonaprazan"OR"Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker"OR"P-CAB"OR"PCAB"OR"Revaprazan"OR"Linaprazan"OR"Soraprazan"OR"Tegoprazan")].Studies comparing the efficacy of P-CABs-based treatment to classical PPIs in eradicating H.pylori were included.Exclusion criteria included case reports,case series,unpublished trials,or conference abstracts.Data variables encompassed age,diagnosis method,sample sizes,study duration,intervention and control,and H.pylori eradication method were gathered by two independent reviewers.Meta-analysis was performed in R software,and forest plots were generated.RESULTS A total of 256 references were initially retrieved through the search command.Ultimately,fifteen studies(7 RCTs,7 retrospective observational studies,and 1 comparative unique study)were included,comparing P-CAB triple therapy to PPI triple therapy.The intention-to-treat analysis involved 8049 patients,with 4471 in the P-CAB intervention group and 3578 in the PPI control group across these studies.The analysis revealed a significant difference in H.pylori eradication between VPZ triple therapy and PPI triple therapy in both RCTs and observational studies[risk ratio(RR)=1.17,95%confidence interval(CI):1.11-1.22,P<0.0001]and(RR=1.13,95%CI:1.09-1.17,P<0.0001],respectively.However,no significant difference was found between tegoprazan(TPZ)triple therapy and PPI triple therapy in both RCTs and observational studies(RR=1.04,95%CI:0.93-1.16,P=0.5)and(RR=1.03,95%CI:0.97-1.10,P=0.3),respectively.CONCLUSION VPZ-based triple therapy outperformed conventional PPI-based triple therapy in eradicating H.pylori,positioning it as a highly effective first-line regimen.Additionally,TPZ-based triple therapy was non-inferior to classical PPI triple therapy.

基于CEEMDAN-QPSO-BLS模型的径流预测研究

准确的径流预测是水资源优化配置和高效利用的前提,是制定防洪减灾决策的基础,然而受到人类活动、环境、气候等因素的影响,径流序列呈现出非线性、非稳态、多尺度变化的特点,这为径流的精准预测增加了难度。为提高径流预测的精准度和可信度,结合自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解(Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise,CEEMDAN)方法,量子粒子群优化算法(Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization,QPSO)、宽度学习系统(Broad Learning System,BLS)模型,提出了一种基于CEEMDAN-QPSO-BLS组合式的径流预测模型。该组合模型首先使用CEEMDAN方法对原始径流信号进行分解,得到若干相对平稳的本征模态分量。其次利用QPSO算法对BLS模型的特征层节点组数、增强层节点组数和组内节点数进行寻优,得到最优的宽度学习网络拓扑结构,进而使用最优的QPSOBLS对多个稳态分量进行预测,并对预测分量进行重构,从而获得更高的预测精度。以黄河流域小浪底水库的日径流值为实验数据,将EMD-QPSO-BLS、QPSO-BLS作为CEEMDAN-QPSO-BLS的对比模型,并采用纳什效率系数(NSE)、均方根误差(RMSE)、平均绝对误差(MAE)和平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)作为模型预测可信度和精准度的评价指标。实验表明,在预见期4天内,与QPSO-BLS、EMD-QPSO-BLS模型相比,CEEMDAN-QPSO-BLS的预测精准度分别提高了79.87%、19.80%,可信度分别提高了131.2%、10.98%,径流预测精度的提高,可为防洪抗旱保护人民生命财产和可持续发展提供决策支持。

C57BL/6小鼠微小三毛滴虫的观察与种系发育分析

为鉴定从某外单位引进的C57BL/6小鼠粪样检测中发现的虫体种类,本试验对虫体进行形态学观察,并进行种系发育分析。取C57BL/6小鼠粪样涂片和瑞士染色后进行显微镜观察,提取粪样总DNA,根据三毛滴虫的16S rRNA进行PCR扩增后测序,运用MEGA11进行种系发育分析。显微镜观察发现,虫体符合微小三毛滴虫的形态学特征,测序发现微小三毛滴虫的基因序列与鼠三毛滴虫高度同源。

枸杞多糖对C57BL/6J骨质疏松症小鼠的早期防治

目的探讨枸杞多糖(LBP)对C57BL/6J骨质疏松症小鼠的早期防治作用。方法选用12周C57BL/6J雌鼠,采用双侧卵巢完全切除术制备骨质疏松症模型,假手术组切除卵巢周围脂肪组织,术后1周,选取手术成功的小鼠分为假手术组、模型组和LBP组。LBP组给予灌胃LBP 0.1 g·kg^(-1),1次/d,连续12周,假手术组和模型组灌胃等量蒸馏水。酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测小鼠血清中雌二醇(E_(2))含量;生物化学方法检测血清氧化应激指标丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量;Micro CT扫描胫骨微观结构,观察骨小梁厚度(Tb·Th)、骨表面积和骨体积之比(BS/BV)、骨小梁分离度(Tb·Sp)、骨密度(BMD)、骨体积分数(BV/TV)、骨体积(BV)的变化。结果与假手术组小鼠比较,模型组小鼠的体质量增长率升高、子宫脏器系数明显减小、血清E_(2)含量下降、血清氧化应激指标MDA含量增高、SOD活力降低(P均<0.01);与模型组小鼠比较,LBP组小鼠子宫脏器系数、血清E_(2)含量差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),但体质量增长率下降、血清MDA含量降低、SOD活力增加(P均<0.01),骨组织BMD、BV升高(P均<0.05),Tb·Th及BV/TV均显著升高(P均<0.01)。胫骨三维重建图显示,模型组骨皮质变薄,呈现骨质疏松改变,骨小梁数量减少,排列紊乱,髓腔明显扩大;LBP组较模型组骨小梁数量增加。结论LBP可能通过调控早期骨质疏松症小鼠的氧化应激反应,发挥改善骨质疏松的作用。

C57BL/6N小鼠早期视网膜变性及小胶质细胞活化状态研究

目的:观察C57BL/6N(Crb1 rd8/rd8)小鼠早期视网膜变性以及小胶质细胞的活化情况。方法:取雄性SPF级C57BL/6N小鼠15只、C57BL/6J小鼠15只,正常饲养。分别在入组时,入组4、8、12 wk,使用Micron-Ⅲ小动物视网膜影像系统进行双眼彩色眼底照相检查计算病变数量、病变面积。观察结束后处死小鼠,摘取右侧眼球制备视网膜组织切片,进行HE染色后光镜下观察视网膜组织形态;采用免疫组织化学染色分析两组小鼠视网膜CX3CR1的表达水平及位置。摘取左侧眼球分离视网膜,使用Western-Blot检测CD86、CD206的表达情况,使用电化学发光法测定视网膜中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、IL-4、IL-10炎性因子含量水平。结果:眼底彩照结果显示在入组4、8、12 wk,C57BL/6N组眼底病变数量均较入组时显著增加,与C57BL/6J组同时间点变化量比较均有差异(均P<0.05);眼底病变面积变化量两组间入组12 wk有差异(P<0.05),各组内变化量比较均无差异(均P>0.05);视网膜组织HE染色示:C57BL/6N组视网膜结构异常,细胞排列疏松、紊乱,光感受器层向视网膜内侧明显的玻璃膜疣样凸起,C57BL/6J组视网膜结构清晰,细胞排列有序,无明显异常;免疫组化结果示:C57BL/6N组视网膜中CX3CR1高表达于神经节细胞层、内外丛状层、感光细胞层及病灶处位置,平均光密度为0.285±0.056,C57BL/6J组为0.189±0.084(P<0.05);Western-Blot结果显示:与C57BL/6J组相比,C57BL/6N组视网膜CD86、CD206蛋白有不同程度升高,两组CD86蛋白表达有差异(P<0.05);细胞因子检测结果显示:C57BL/6N组IL-1β、TNF-α水平显著高于C57BL/6J组,而IL-10含量则明显较低(均P<0.05)。结论:C57BL/6N(Crb1 rd8/rd8)小鼠视网膜变性进展缓慢,随年龄呈进行性加重,病灶部位视网膜结构紊乱,伴有以M1型极化为主的小胶质细胞浸润。

Constructing Carbon Nanobubbles with Boron Doping as Advanced Anode for Realizing Unprecedently Ultrafast Potassium Ion Storage

Carbonaceous material with favorable K^(+)intercalation feature is considered as a compelling anode for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).However,the inferior rate performance and cycling stability impede their large-scale application.Here,a facile template method is utilized to synthesize boron doping carbon nanobubbles(BCNBs).The incorporation of boron into the carbon structure introduces abundant defective sites and improves conductivity,facilitating both the intercalation-controlled and capacitivecontrolled capacities.Moreover,theoretical calculation proves that boron doping can effectively improve the conductivity and facilitate electrochemical reversibility in PIBs.Correspondingly,the designed BCNBs anode delivers a high specific capacity(464 mAh g^(-1)at 0.05 A g^(-1))with an extraordinary rate performance(85.7 mAh g^(-1)at 50 A g^(-1)),and retains a considerable capacity retention(95.2%relative to the 100th charge after 2000 cycles).Besides,the strategy of pre-forming stable artificial inorganic solid electrolyte interface effectively realizes high initial coulombic efficiency of 79.0%for BCNBs.Impressively,a dual-carbon potassium-ion capacitor coupling BCNBs anode displays a high energy density(177.8 Wh kg^(-1)).This work not only shows great potential for utilizing heteroatom-doping strategy to boost the potassium ion storage but also paves the way for designing high-energy/power storage devices.

Combination of Diclofenac Potassium and Propolis in the Therapy of Oral Aphthosis: A Randomized, Clinical, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Background: Oral aphthosis has a negative impact on oral health. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of gel formulation including diclofenac and propolis in the treatment of oral ulcers. Methods: Participants included 100 normal individuals with aphthous, excluding those having allergies to any ingredient in the diclofenac formulation. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups: one group received treatment with a combination of diclofenac potassium 3% (10 mg/g, 60 g) and propolis 5% gel (Group II), and the other group received a placebo (Group 1). The patient was evaluated using standard digital photographs and chronic oral mucosal questionnaires on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after healing. Utilizing the Mann-Whitney U test, the two groups were compared. Each group’s changes were examined using Friedman’s test. Results: There was a statistically dramatic change over time in Group II. After one day, the median total score dropped statistically significantly, and from one to three days with effect size (d) 2.485, Group II demonstrated 48% complete healing and 52% partial healing, while Group I demonstrated 4% partial healing and 96% no change. Effect size (V): 0.995. Conclusions: The combination of diclofenac and propolis provided instant relief and an affordable new regimen for treating oral aphthosis.

U2BL调控拟南芥下胚轴伸长的机制研究

下胚轴的伸长在植物早期存活和后期生长发育过程中均具有重要作用。本研究对拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana(L.)Heynh.)突变体进行了筛选,得到了具有短下胚轴表型的突变体u2bl,并对其下胚轴变短机制进行了初步研究。结果显示,突变体u2bl在不同光照条件下均表现出下胚轴较短的表型。细胞学实验表明,突变体u2bl下胚轴细胞长度的降低是其下胚轴较短的原因。赤霉素(GAs)是促进下胚轴伸长的主效应因子。但u2bl突变体对外源GA处理及内源GA合成抑制剂多效唑(PAC)处理均不敏感,表明U2BL基因可能影响GA的信号转导。亚细胞定位结果表明,U2BL在细胞核中富集。荧光定量Q-PCR分析结果显示,在u2bl突变体中,PRE1、SAUR16、YUC2、YUC8和PIF4等基因的表达均有显著下调,U2BL可能通过调控上述基因来间接调控下胚轴的伸长。本研究结果为进一步探讨U2BL在拟南芥生长发育及在其他物种中可能行使的功能提供了参考。

Preliminary discussion on the ignition mechanism of exploding foil initiators igniting boron potassium nitrate

Exploding foil initiator(EFI)is a kind of advanced device for initiating explosives,but its function is unstable when it comes to directly igniting pyrotechnics.To solve the problem,this research aims to reveal the ignition mechanism of EFIs directly igniting pyrotechnics.An oscilloscope,a photon Doppler velocimetry,and a plasma spectrum measurement system were employed to obtain information of electric characteristics,impact pressure,and plasma temperature.The results of the electric characteristics and the impact pressure were inconsistent with ignition results.The only thing that the ignition success tests had in common was that their plasma all had a relatively long period of high-temperature duration(HTD).It eventually concludes that the ignition mechanism in this research is the microconvection heat transfer rather than the shock initiation,which differs from that of exploding foil initiators detonating explosives.Furthermore,the methods for evaluating the ignition success of semiconductor bridge initiators are not entirely applicable to the tests mentioned in this paper.The HTD is the critical parameter for judging the ignition success,and it is influenced by two factors:the late time discharge and the energy of the electric explosion.The longer time of the late time discharge and the more energy of the electric explosion,the easier it is to expand the HTD,which improves the probability of the ignition success.

C57BL/6小鼠炎症性肠病模型的建立与指标评价

【目的】通过葡聚糖硫酸钠(dextran sulfate sodium,DSS)或脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)刺激构建小鼠炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)模型,为IBD研究提供高效经济的模型参考,并为IBD抗炎药物筛选与药效评价提供可靠的方法支撑。【方法】本试验以C57BL/6雄性小鼠为研究对象,分别暴露于不同浓度的DSS(3%、4%和5%)7 d或LPS(5、10和20 mg/kg)4 h。通过测量小鼠结肠长度,HE染色观察肠道形态结构及实时荧光定量PCR检测肠道炎性因子的mRNA表达等对模型进行评价。【结果】DSS诱导小鼠结肠变短、病理出血、腺体萎缩、结构排列絮乱、炎性细胞浸润以及结肠中炎性因子白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、IL-6、IL-10和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumour necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)的mRNA表达显著上升(P<0.05),4%DSS即可高效建立IBD模型。同时,LPS引起小鼠肠系膜出血、肠道肿胀和充血,肠绒毛高度降低,隐窝深度升高,小肠中IL-10和IL-1βmRNA水平升高、IL-6 mRNA水平下降,十二指肠和回肠TNF-αmRNA水平上升,空肠TNF-αmRNA水平降低,且以5 mg/kg LPS综合影响最为显著。【结论】4%DSS和5 mg/kg LPS是C57BL/6小鼠IBD模型建立的最适浓度,肠道病理形态改变、肠道炎性细胞浸润及炎性因子IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10和TNF-α的mRNA表达异常是评价IBD模型的重要指标。

BL Lac的光学多普勒因子估算

蝎虎天体(BL Lacertae object,BL Lac)是一类特殊的活动星系核,表现出极端的观测特征,如高光度和偏振、快速光变、超光速运动、射电核主导、极高能辐射等,极端观测特性可能都与喷流效应有关,而表征喷流效应的物理量是多普勒因子(Doppler factor).多普勒因子有助于了解BL Lac的辐射物理和本征特性.基于BL Lac和Fanaroff-Riley type I/Fanaroff-Riley type II(G)的统一模型思路,提出BL Lac的本征视星等与红移(哈勃图)的分布应该与FRI/FRII(G)的观测视星等与红移的分布相似,并提出了估算BL Lac的光学多普勒因子的方法.该方法所估算的多普勒因子与前人的光学多普勒因子比较具有很好的相关性,说明该光学波段估算BL Lac多普勒因子的方法是可靠的.

一种可快速验证的可聚合BLS签名方案

BLS签名是一种双线性映射友好椭圆曲线上的数字签名方案,它具有签名大小短、在聚合签名场景中验证高效、支持同态性与非交互聚合等优点.但由于需要进行双线性映射操作,单个BLS签名的验证算法相对较慢,这阻碍了其在区块链系统中进一步的应用.本文提出了一种BLS签名方案的变体—CPABLS,其主要优点如下:第一,将Chaum-Pedersen离散对数相等性证明纳入签名中,使得签名验证算法不再需要双线性映射操作,从而提升了验证速度;第二,在公钥聚合时只需对各个签名者的公钥简单求和,而无需进行大量的标量乘法操作;第三,相比于群G2,签名验证算法可在群G1中更快地进行哈希到曲线和聚合公钥检验操作.给出了该方案在聚合签名安全模型中的安全证明及原型实现,并进行了性能测试与效率评估.

Assessing Dietary Consumption of Sodium and Potassium in China through Wastewater Analysis

A causal relationship has been reported between the average population salt(sodium chloride)intake and the increased risk of stroke and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in some epidemiological and clinical studies.The World Health Organization has recommended that a sodium intake of<2 g/day is preventive against cardiovascular disease,although the current intake is in excess in most countries.

Study on synergistic leaching of potassium and phosphorus from potassium feldspar and solid waste phosphogypsum via coupling reactions

To achieve the resource utilization of solid waste phosphogypsum(PG)and tackle the problem of utilizing potassium feldspar(PF),a coupled synergistic process between PG and PF is proposed in this paper.The study investigates the features of P and F in PG,and explores the decomposition of PF using hydrofluoric acid(HF)in the sulfuric acid system for K leaching and leaching of P and F in PG.The impact factors such as sulfuric acid concentration,reaction temperature,reaction time,material ratio(PG/PF),liquid–solid ratio,PF particle size,and PF calcination temperature on the leaching of P and K is systematically investigated in this paper.The results show that under optimal conditions,the leaching rate of K and P reach more than 93%and 96%,respectively.Kinetics study using shrinking core model(SCM)indicates two significant stages with internal diffusion predominantly controlling the leaching of K.The apparent activation energies of these two stages are 11.92 kJ·mol^(-1)and 11.55 kJ·mol^(-1),respectively.

Synergetic Bioproduction of Short-Chain Fatty Acids from Waste Activated Sludge Intensified by the Combined Use of Potassium Ferrate and Biosurfactants

The synergetic effect and underlying mechanism of potassium ferrate(PF)with tea saponin(TS,a biosurfactant)in producing short chain fatty acids(SCFAs)from anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge(WAS)were explored in this work.Experimental results showed that 0.2 g PF(g TSS)^(-1)(total suspended solid)combined with 0.02 g TS(g TSS)^(-1) could further improve SCFAs’production,and the maximum SCFAs content reached 2008.7 mg COD L^(-1),which is 1.2 and 4.5 times higher than those with PF and TS individually added,respectively,and 5.3 times higher than that of blank WAS on Day 12.In the model substrates experiments,the degradation rates of bovine serum albumin and dextran with combination of PF and TS were 41.3%±0.1% and 48.5%±0.06%,respectively,on Day 3,which are lower than those in blank WAS(with degradation rates of 72.3%±0.5%and 90.3%±0.3%).It was revealed that the oxidative effect of PF and the solubilization of TS caused more organic matters to be dissolved out from WAS,providing a large number of biodegradable substances for subsequent SCFAs production.While WAS pretreated with the combination of PF and TS,the relative abundances of Firmicutes increased from 6.4%(blank)to 38.6%,and that of Proteobacteria decreased from 41.8%(blank)to 21.8%.The combination of PF and TS promoted the hydrolysis process of WAS by enriching Firmicutes,and then increased acetic acid production by inhibiting Proteobacteria that consumed SCFAs.Meanwhile,at the genus level,acidogenesis bacteria(e.g.,Proteiniclasticum and Petrimonas)were enriched whereas SCFAs consuming bacteria(e.g.,Dokdonella)were inhibited.

Removal of rubidium from brine by an integrated film of sulfonated polysulfone/graphene/potassium copper ferricyanide

A novel integrated film of sulfonated polysulfone/graphene/potassium copper ferricyanide(KCuFC/SPSG)was used for selectively extracting rubidium ion(Rb^(+))from brine.To form KCuFC/SPSG,the precursor film of sulfonated polysulfone/graphene(SPSG)was synthesized by phase conversion process,which was alternately immersed in 0.1 mol·L^(-1)CuSO_(4)/K_(4)[Fe(CN)_(6)]by in-situ adsorption coupled co-precipitation method.Various data such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer,Fourier transform infrared spectroscope,X-ray photoelectron spectroscope,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope,and energy dispersive spectroscopy all verified that abundant KCuFC were uniformly located on the film.The resulting KCuFC/SPSG was used in film separation system.As the solution was fed into the system,the Rb^(+)could be selectively adsorption by KCuFC/SPSG.After the saturation adsorption,0.5 mol·L^(-1)NH_(4)Cl/HCl was fed into the film cell,Rb^(+)could be quickly desorbed by ion-exchange between Rb^(+)and NH_(4)^(+)in the lattice of KCuFC.The purpose of separating and recovering Rb^(+)from the brine can be achieved after the repeated operation.The effects of pH,adsorption time,and interferential ions on the adsorption capacity of Rb^(+)were investigated by batch experiments.The adsorption behavior fits the pseudo-second order kinetic process,while KCuFC has a higher adsorption capacity(Langmuir maximum sorption 165.4 mg·g^(-1)).In addition,KCuFC/SPSG shows excellent selectivity for Rb^(+)even in complex brine systems.KCuFC/SPSG could maintain 93.5%extraction efficiency after five adsorption/desorption cycles.

孕期低剂量镉暴露对C57BL/6母鼠肾脏组织的毒性损伤作用

为研究孕期低剂量镉暴露对母鼠肾脏的毒性效应,基于前期构建的孕期低剂量镉暴露小鼠模型,通过组织显微切片技术对镉暴露母鼠的肾脏组织结构进行观察,并通过实时定量PCR法和蛋白质免疫印迹法对肾脏中炎症相关基因和凋亡调控基因的mRNA和蛋白质表达水平进行检测。实验结果显示:孕期低剂量镉暴露可导致肾脏结构出现一定程度的病变,如肾小球内细胞数目增多,肾小囊变窄,肾小球略微肿胀等;与对照组相比,镉暴露母鼠肾脏中凋亡功能调控基因Bax的mRNA和蛋白质表达水平显著升高。综上所述,孕期低剂量镉暴露可导致母体肾脏结构发生损伤,该毒性作用可能与凋亡调控基因Bax的表达水平升高相关。研究结果旨在阐明孕期低剂量镉暴露对母体器官的毒性效应机制,为镉暴露下家畜的母胎健康风险评估和环境管理提供基础数据支持。

Efficient Polytelluride Anchoring for Ultralong-Life Potassium Storage: Combined Physical Barrier and Chemisorption in Nanogrid-in-Nanofiber

Metal tellurides(MTes) are highly attractive as promising anodes for high-performance potassium-ion batteries. The capacity attenuation of most reported MTe anodes is attributed to their poor electrical conductivity and large volume variation. The evolution mechanisms, dissolution properties, and corresponding manipulation strategies of intermediates(K-polytellurides, K-pTe_(x)) are rarely mentioned. Herein,we propose a novel structural engineering strategy to confine ultrafine CoTe_(2) nanodots in hierarchical nanogrid-in-nanofiber carbon substrates(CoTe_(2)@NC@NSPCNFs) for smooth immobilization of K-pTe_(x) and highly reversible conversion of CoTe_(2) by manipulating the intense electrochemical reaction process. Various in situ/ex situ techniques and density functional theory calculations have been performed to clarify the formation, transformation, and dissolution of K-pTe_(x)(K_(5)Te_(3) and K_(2)Te), as well as verifying the robust physical barrier and the strong chemisorption of K_(5)Te_(3) and K_(2)Te on S, N co-doped dual-type carbon substrates. Additionally, the hierarchical nanogrid-in-nanofiber nanostructure increases the chemical anchoring sites for K-pTe_(x), provides sufficient volume buffer space, and constructs highly interconnected conductive microcircuits, further propelling the battery reaction to new heights(3500 cycles at 2.0 A g^(-1)). Furthermore, the full cells further demonstrate the potential for practical applications. This work provides new insights into manipulating K-pTe_(x) in the design of ultralong-cycling MTe anodes for advanced PIBs.