Over a period of two years , field experiments were conducted on four silty loam soils grown with foliar vegetable crops including Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis Rupr., cv. Lu-Bai 3), autumn greens (B. chinensis...Over a period of two years , field experiments were conducted on four silty loam soils grown with foliar vegetable crops including Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis Rupr., cv. Lu-Bai 3), autumn greens (B. chinensis L., cv. Piao-Geng-Bai), winter greens (B. var. rosularis Tsen et Lee, cv. You-Dong-Er), and summer greens (B. chinensis L., cv. Zao-Shu 5), respectively. Each experiment included one CK treatment without K, N and P fertilizers applied, and four treatments with from low to high doses, 0-300 kg hm-2 for Chinese cabbage, 0-150 kg hm-2 for autumn and winter greens and 0-180 kg hm-2 for summer greens, of K fertilizers in the form of sulfate of potash (SOP) applied together with N and P fertilizers. One treatment of K fertilizer in the form of muriate of potash (MOP) applied at high levels (150 or 180 kg hm-2) together with N and P fertilizers was included in the experiments of autumn, winter and summer greens , respectively, in order to compare the effects of SOP and MOP. The market yields of the tested crops increased significantly with the increasing rate of K application. The crops supplied with K fertilizers yielded more stably as the CV% of their yields decreased with the rate of K application. K fertilization increased not only K contents but also the amounts of N, P and K absorbed in shoots of autumn, winter and summer greens, which were statistically significantly correlated to their yields. It can also be found that potassium improved the quality of the foliar vegetable crops as their dry mater contents were generally increased and Vc contents obviously increased and nitrate contents markedly decreased. As compared to MOP, SOP was more effective on the yields and quality of autumn, winter and summer greens at the high levels of fertilization.展开更多
Over a period of two years, field experiments were conducted on two silty loam soils grown with four solanaceous vegetable crops of eggplant (var. serpentinum Bailey), tomato (var. commune Bailey), sweet pepper (var. ...Over a period of two years, field experiments were conducted on two silty loam soils grown with four solanaceous vegetable crops of eggplant (var. serpentinum Bailey), tomato (var. commune Bailey), sweet pepper (var. grossum Bailey) and chilli (var. lengum Bailey), respectively. Each experiment included four treatments with from low to high doses, 0-450 kg ha-l for eggplant, tomato and sweet pepper, and 0-270 kg ha-1 for chilli, of K fertilizers in the form of sulfate of potash (SOP) applied together with N and P fertilizers. One CK treatment without K, N and P fertilizers applied and one treatment of K fertilizer in the form of muriate of potash (MOP) applied at the high level (450 kg ha-1) together with N and P fertilizers were included in the experiments of eggplant, in order to compare the effects of SOP and MOP. The fruit yields of the tested crops increased significantly with the increasing rate of K application. The crops supplied with K fertilizers yielded more stably as the CV% of their yields decreased with the rate of K application. The dry matter and vitamin C contents in fruits of tomato, sweet pepper and chilli, and the sugar content and the titratable acidity level of tomato fruits were increased, and the S/A ratio (ratio of sugar content to titratable acidity) of tomato fruits were decreased by K fertilization, indicating that K fertilization could improve the fruit quality of the solanaseous vegetable crops. However, the high rate of K fertilizer might lower the dry matter and vitamin C contents of tomato fruits and sweet pepper fruits. SOP was more effective than MOP in increasing the yield and quality of eggplant fruits at the high fertilization rate; therefore, the choice of applying SOP may be better for high levels of K fertilization.展开更多
【目的】近年来兰州百合(Lilium davidli var. unicolor)产业由于受到品种退化、品质降低和连作障碍等问题制约,产量、品质与经济效益受到影响,因此本试验通过对兰州百合进行不同施肥处理来探寻为其增产提质的方法。【方法】本研究设置...【目的】近年来兰州百合(Lilium davidli var. unicolor)产业由于受到品种退化、品质降低和连作障碍等问题制约,产量、品质与经济效益受到影响,因此本试验通过对兰州百合进行不同施肥处理来探寻为其增产提质的方法。【方法】本研究设置4个处理:CK(对照)、SF(硅肥)、MF(微生物菌剂)、SMF(硅肥和微生物菌剂联用)分别施入兰州百合连作土壤,测定植株生长指标、叶绿素荧光参数、产量和品质指标,并采用主成分分析法和相关系数矩形图对测定指标进行综合评价。【结果】与CK相比,各处理均能有效促进兰州百合的生长发育,其中SMF处理效果最好。此外,SF处理可显著提高百合不同生育期的根系活力;与CK相比,各处理均能显著提高百合叶片的PSⅡ光化学效率,且能显著降低非光化学淬灭系数NPQ;与CK相比,SF、MF和SMF处理的经济产量分别显著增加11.88%、9.73%和21.70%;SF、MF和SMF处理的总产量分别显著增加13.45%、8.90%和20.50%。与CK相比,SMF处理能显著提高兰州百合鳞茎中可溶性蛋白和维生素C的含量,且有效降低了硝酸盐含量;通过主成分分析和隶属函数法分析表明:硅肥和微生物菌剂联用对兰州百合提产增质效果最好,单施硅肥较单施微生物菌剂效果更好;兰州百合盛花期壮苗指数和根冠比(鲜质量)可以作为优选的百合壮苗指数模型,用于植株生长状况评估与产量品质预测。【结论】单施微生物菌剂、硅肥或二者联用均可提高百合叶片利用光能的能力和降低叶片热耗散,并促进根系生长,提高土壤养分吸收能力,最终促进百合生长,提升商品百合的产量和品质。在各施肥处理中以硅肥与微生物菌剂联用效果最优。根冠比(鲜质量)可以作为简易实用的百合植株大田生长状况及产量品质评价指标。展开更多
基金supported by the International Potash Institute.
文摘Over a period of two years , field experiments were conducted on four silty loam soils grown with foliar vegetable crops including Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis Rupr., cv. Lu-Bai 3), autumn greens (B. chinensis L., cv. Piao-Geng-Bai), winter greens (B. var. rosularis Tsen et Lee, cv. You-Dong-Er), and summer greens (B. chinensis L., cv. Zao-Shu 5), respectively. Each experiment included one CK treatment without K, N and P fertilizers applied, and four treatments with from low to high doses, 0-300 kg hm-2 for Chinese cabbage, 0-150 kg hm-2 for autumn and winter greens and 0-180 kg hm-2 for summer greens, of K fertilizers in the form of sulfate of potash (SOP) applied together with N and P fertilizers. One treatment of K fertilizer in the form of muriate of potash (MOP) applied at high levels (150 or 180 kg hm-2) together with N and P fertilizers was included in the experiments of autumn, winter and summer greens , respectively, in order to compare the effects of SOP and MOP. The market yields of the tested crops increased significantly with the increasing rate of K application. The crops supplied with K fertilizers yielded more stably as the CV% of their yields decreased with the rate of K application. K fertilization increased not only K contents but also the amounts of N, P and K absorbed in shoots of autumn, winter and summer greens, which were statistically significantly correlated to their yields. It can also be found that potassium improved the quality of the foliar vegetable crops as their dry mater contents were generally increased and Vc contents obviously increased and nitrate contents markedly decreased. As compared to MOP, SOP was more effective on the yields and quality of autumn, winter and summer greens at the high levels of fertilization.
文摘Over a period of two years, field experiments were conducted on two silty loam soils grown with four solanaceous vegetable crops of eggplant (var. serpentinum Bailey), tomato (var. commune Bailey), sweet pepper (var. grossum Bailey) and chilli (var. lengum Bailey), respectively. Each experiment included four treatments with from low to high doses, 0-450 kg ha-l for eggplant, tomato and sweet pepper, and 0-270 kg ha-1 for chilli, of K fertilizers in the form of sulfate of potash (SOP) applied together with N and P fertilizers. One CK treatment without K, N and P fertilizers applied and one treatment of K fertilizer in the form of muriate of potash (MOP) applied at the high level (450 kg ha-1) together with N and P fertilizers were included in the experiments of eggplant, in order to compare the effects of SOP and MOP. The fruit yields of the tested crops increased significantly with the increasing rate of K application. The crops supplied with K fertilizers yielded more stably as the CV% of their yields decreased with the rate of K application. The dry matter and vitamin C contents in fruits of tomato, sweet pepper and chilli, and the sugar content and the titratable acidity level of tomato fruits were increased, and the S/A ratio (ratio of sugar content to titratable acidity) of tomato fruits were decreased by K fertilization, indicating that K fertilization could improve the fruit quality of the solanaseous vegetable crops. However, the high rate of K fertilizer might lower the dry matter and vitamin C contents of tomato fruits and sweet pepper fruits. SOP was more effective than MOP in increasing the yield and quality of eggplant fruits at the high fertilization rate; therefore, the choice of applying SOP may be better for high levels of K fertilization.
文摘【目的】近年来兰州百合(Lilium davidli var. unicolor)产业由于受到品种退化、品质降低和连作障碍等问题制约,产量、品质与经济效益受到影响,因此本试验通过对兰州百合进行不同施肥处理来探寻为其增产提质的方法。【方法】本研究设置4个处理:CK(对照)、SF(硅肥)、MF(微生物菌剂)、SMF(硅肥和微生物菌剂联用)分别施入兰州百合连作土壤,测定植株生长指标、叶绿素荧光参数、产量和品质指标,并采用主成分分析法和相关系数矩形图对测定指标进行综合评价。【结果】与CK相比,各处理均能有效促进兰州百合的生长发育,其中SMF处理效果最好。此外,SF处理可显著提高百合不同生育期的根系活力;与CK相比,各处理均能显著提高百合叶片的PSⅡ光化学效率,且能显著降低非光化学淬灭系数NPQ;与CK相比,SF、MF和SMF处理的经济产量分别显著增加11.88%、9.73%和21.70%;SF、MF和SMF处理的总产量分别显著增加13.45%、8.90%和20.50%。与CK相比,SMF处理能显著提高兰州百合鳞茎中可溶性蛋白和维生素C的含量,且有效降低了硝酸盐含量;通过主成分分析和隶属函数法分析表明:硅肥和微生物菌剂联用对兰州百合提产增质效果最好,单施硅肥较单施微生物菌剂效果更好;兰州百合盛花期壮苗指数和根冠比(鲜质量)可以作为优选的百合壮苗指数模型,用于植株生长状况评估与产量品质预测。【结论】单施微生物菌剂、硅肥或二者联用均可提高百合叶片利用光能的能力和降低叶片热耗散,并促进根系生长,提高土壤养分吸收能力,最终促进百合生长,提升商品百合的产量和品质。在各施肥处理中以硅肥与微生物菌剂联用效果最优。根冠比(鲜质量)可以作为简易实用的百合植株大田生长状况及产量品质评价指标。
