Transcriptome analysis reveals effects of red and blue lightemitting diodes(LEDs)on the growth,chlorophyll fluorescence and endogenous plant hormones of potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)plantlets cultured in vitro

Red and blue light illumination has been reported to significantly affect plantlet growth.Potato is an important food and feed crop in the world and potato plantlet cultured in vitro plays an important role in potato production.However,few studies have documented the effects of red and blue light on the growth of potato plantlets revealed at the transcriptome level.The objective of this study was to determine the growth and physiological responses of potato plantlets cultured in vitro under monochromatic red(RR),monochromatic blue(BB)as well as combined red and blue(RB)LEDs using the RNA-Seq technique.In total,3150 and 814 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were detected in potato plantlets under RR and BB,respectively,compared to RB(used as control).Compared to the control,the DEGs enriched in"photosynthesis"and"photosynthesis-antenna proteins"metabolic pathways were up-regulated and down-regulated by BB and RR,respectively,which might be responsible for the increases and decreases of maximum quantum yield(F_(v)/F_(m)),photochemical quantum yield(φ_(PSII)),photochemical quenching(q_(P))and electron transfer rate(ETR)in BB and RR,respectively.Potato plantlets exhibited dwarfed stems and extended leaves under BB,whereas elongated stems and small leaves were induced under RR.These dramatically altered plantlet phenotypes were associated with variable levels of endogenous plant hormones gibberellin(GAs),indoleacetic acid(IAA)and cytokinins(CKs),as assessed in stems and leaves of potato plantlets.In addition,monochromatic red and blue LEDs trigged the opposite expression profiles of DEGs identified in the"plant hormone signal transduction"metabolic pathway,which were closely related to the endogenous plant hormone levels in potato plantlets.Our results provide insights into the responses of potato plantlets cultured in vitro to red and blue LEDs at the transcriptomic level and may contribute to improvements in the micro-propagation of potato plantlets cultured in vitro from the light spectrum aspect.

Preliminary Findings on Yield Response of Potatoes （Solanum tuberosum） to Umostart Super Zn （11.46,0 ＋ 2 Zn ＋ Humates）

Field trials to determine the yield response of potatoes to Umostart Super Zn （USZ） fertilizer （11.46.0 ＋ 2 Zn ＋ Humates） were carried out in 2004 using the cultivar Tigoni. During the long rains season, the treatments included USZ at 15 kg ha^-1 at planting; 30 kg ha^-1 split into 15 kg ha^-1 at planting and 15 kg ha^-1 during final earthing-up; 30 kg ha^-1 at planting; and 45 kg ha^-1 at planting. Treatments during the short rains included USZ at 30 kg ha^-1 split into 15 kg ha^-1 at planting and 15 kg ha^-1 during final earthing-up; 30 kg ha^-1 at planting; 40 kg ha^-1 at planting; 50 kg ha^-1 at planting; 50 kg ha^-1 split into 25 kg ha^-1 at planting and 25 kg ha^-1 during final earthing-up; and 60 kg ha^-1 at planting. USZ was contrasted with Diammonium phosphate （DAP） fertilizer （18：46：0） at 300 kg ha^-1 and 500 kg ha^-1 applied at planting and a control in which no fertilizer was applied. The DAP 300 kg ha^-1 treatment was however, not included during the long rains season. The highest tuber yields among the USZ treatments were obtained in plots treated with 45 kg ha^-1 （27.11 t ha^-1） during the long rains and 60 kg ha^-1 （55.17 t ha^-1） during the short rains season. Application of USZ resulted in a yield increase of at least 3.90 and 19.06 t ha^-1 during the long and short rains seasons respectively.

Impact of Organic Soil Amendments on the Physical Characteristics and Yield Components of Potato （Solanum tuberosurn L.） in the Highlands of Cameroon

A field experiment was conducted in the Western Highlands of Cameroon to study the effects of Calliandra calothyrsus, sterilized compost, non-sterilized compost and mineral fertilizers （NPK 11：11：22） on physical characteristics, yield components and late blight disease severity of potato （Solanum tuberosum）. A two factorial treatment combination made up of fertilization schemes and sanitary measures were laid out in a randomized complete block design （RCBD） with four replicates and 10 treatments. Data collected were subjected to a multivariate ANOVA and means separated with the Dunnett t-test with Calliandra calothyrsus considered as the main treatment. Mineral fertilizers and Calliandra calothyrsus significantly augmented stem diameter, plant height and plant vigor, total and marketable yields, despite the fact that late blight severity was high in the two treatments. The correlation matrix showed that total yield had significant and positive correlation with stem diameter （r = 0.74）, plant height （r = 0.61）, plant vigor （r = 0.61） and marketable yield （r = 0.99） and negative correlation （r = -37） with late blight severity. The increase observed is attributed to the nutrient contents of the treatments applied. Leafy prunings of C. calothyrsus increase soil organic matter which probably improves moisture retention and biological activity. The highest late blight severity recorded between the 45 and 60 coincides with active development of plant canopy which influences disease severity and create a canopy microclimate conducive to disease development. This study suggests that Calliandra calothyrsus has the potential of improving potato production provided appropriate fungicide is used.

Classification and Integration of Storage and Transportation Engineering Technologies in Potato Producing Areas of China

Considering the development of potato （Solanum tuberosum） industry in China, the existing technologies of potato storage and transportation in the produc- ing area were analyzed through investigation on four main potato production areas. Unear classification was used to conduct the technology classification. According to the technical attributes and characteristics, the potato technologies of storage and transportation in producing area were classified with large classes, middle classes, small classes and subclasses, into the agricultural production area processing and storage engineering technology system, to reveal the structure and functions. Mean- while, the widely used technologies were integrated and summarized into 5 principal technology integration programs, which could be used for the technology integration of the new management subjects such as planting professional cooperatives, family farms, enterprises and so on.

The Key Factors Affecting Tuber Development of Potato in vitro and the Relation with Protein Fractions

According to previous analysis, some properties bounding up with tuber yield were investigated. The results showed that tuber average weight, plastid Mg2 + -ATPase activity, plastid Ca2 + -ATPase activity, mitochondria Mg2 + -ATPase activity, total soluble protein content, tuber average diameter, and Q-enzyme activity were important factors determining the tuber yield. The linear regression equation was:Y = 0.5211 + 0.0595X(1)+0.8389X(2) +0.0882X(3) -0.0073X(4) +0.1449X(5) +0.3510X(6) +0.0031X(7) -0.00003X(8) + 0.3412X(9) + 0.0127X(10) + 0.2904X(ll) + 0.0570X(12) + 0.0159X(13) + 0.3585X(14) + 0.0134X(15) - 0.1012X(16). At the same time, the relation between several important properties and soluble protein fractions were analyzed.

The Impact of High Temperature during Growing Season on Potato Cultivars with Different Response to Environmental Stresses

Potato crop is the fourth main food crops in the world after maize, rice and wheat. It is characterized by specific temperature requirements and develops best at about 20°C. Forecasts of global warming prompt us to study the tolerance of potato genotypes to heat during the growing season. The aim of this work was to assess the response of chosen potato cultivars to high temperature during the different stages of plant growth under conditions of good soil moisture and drought. The impact of high temperature 32°C/25°C on potato plants was determined in pot experiment in three growth stages. A main measure of tolerance of the potato cultivars to high temperature during the growing season was an evaluation of the yield in relation to the Control combination. Here we demonstrated that tested potato cultivar’s response to high temperature during the growing season is dependent on the growth stage. The earlier it occurs, the more negative its impact on the growth and yield of potatoes is.

The Role of Biodiversity in Food Security and Nutrition: A Potato Cultivar Case Study

Biodiversity is considered a critical measure of the agricultural health of the world. Not only does increased biodiversity contribute to nutrient production and consumption, but it acts as a safeguard against food shortages due to pests and diseases by spreading the risk. Biodiversity can improve dietary diversity in such a way to ultimately contribute to improved food and nutrition security. As a result biodiversity is often highlighted in global discussions related to food and nutrition security. Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are highly biodiverse food crops, with more than 4000 different cultivars grown globally. The crop is sometimes considered as part of the vegetable component of food baskets, but it is mainly added to meals as a starch because potatoes have a high starch content and are thus high in energy. However, significant differences in the nutritional content (including micronutrient composition) of different potato cultivars have been reported in many countries. It is therefore proposed that specific cultivars could potentially contribute more to critical nutrients required in the diet of countries at risk of malnutrition. The nutritional profile (macronutrients and minerals) of 11 potato cultivars cultivated in sub-Saharan Africa was determined and the contribution which these different potatoes could make to the diet, and consequently to food and nutrition security, is discussed. The results showed that significant differences are found in the nutritional content between the different cultivars. Significant differences (p < 0.001) were found in macronutrients such as protein and fat as well as micronutrients such as copper, phosphorus and potassium. These results indicate the potentially beneficial role which a biodiverse range of crops such as potatoes, could play in the food and nutrition security of developing countries.

Genetic Variance Estimates in Heterogeneous Potato Populations Propagated from True Potato Seed(TPS)

Twenty nine cross populations developed according to line × tester mating design along with their twelve parents raised from true potato seeds, were used to study variability and correlation for seven characters. The range of variation for all the characters were found to be wide and pronounced which indicated that characters were quantitative in nature and were under polygenic control. For all the characters, greater portion of the total δ2p was mostly contributed by the δ2g. Among the seven characters, tuber weight per plant showed the highest δ2g, PCV, GCV, H2b, GA and expected GA%. On the other hand, dry matter contents (%) showed the lowest H2b. Phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients of plant height with no. of tubers per plant and tuber weight per plant; no. of branches per plant with no. of tubers per plant and tuber weight per plant were found to be significant and positive.

Effects of Agrobacterial<i>rol</i>-Genes on the Thermodynamic and Structural Features of Starches Extracted from Potato Microtubers

Wild-type potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants and their transformants harboring agrobacterial rolB or rolC genes under control of the patatin class I promoter were cultured in vitro. These plants were used as a source of single-node stem cuttings. The structure of native starch in tubers formed on cuttings was determined using methods of X-ray scattering and differential scanning microcalorimetry (DSC). It was found that in starch from tubers of rolB plants the melting temperature of crystalline lamella was lower and their thickness was less than that in wild-type potato. In tubers of rolC plants starch differed from starch in wild-type plants by a higher melting temperature, reduced melting enthalpy, and a greater thickness of crystalline lamellae. The melting of starch from tubers of rolC plants proceeded as the melting of two independent crystalline structures with melting temperatures of 338.0°K and 342.8°K. Overall data show that starches of different structure can be obtained by using transgenic approach.

Analysis of Diversity among Potato Accessions Grown in Eritrea Using Single Linkage Clustering

Potato is an important cash and food crop, a source of income to many small scale farmers in Eritrea. In the long tradition of potato cultivation farmers have adopted a number of landraces. However, very little is known about their genetic diversity which limits further breeding programs to improve productivity. The objective of the study was to characterize potato accessions grown in Eritrea. A total of 21 accessions collected from farmers and NARI were used in this study for characterization employing 33 phenotypic descriptors. Single linkage (nearest neighbor) clustering method using UPGMA employing Euclidean test was used to yield a dendrogram. The clustering generated three main clusters with further sub clusters. The clustering helped to identify accessions that shared the same characteristics and/or that were closely related and vice versa. It was noted that there was no distinct relationship between the clusters groups and geographic sources of accession. Yet, accessions sharing the same name may not necessarily share the same genetic content. Mean deviation of variables for each group from the total mean indicated that Group III followed by group I showed negative deviation in most of the recorded yield related traits. Group I was particularly affected by the presence of two inferior accessions in the group. On the other hand, Group II accessions showed relatively maximum deviation from the total mean and could be recommended for use as parent for any breeding program in Eritrea.

Effects of different planting systems on yield of potato crop in Kaghan Valley: A mountainous region of Pakistan

Conversion of potato from conventional methods to wide bed planting systems may increase water and nitrogen use efficiency in commercial potato production system by reducing the amount of irrigation water and water applied nitrogen fertilizer bypassing the potato root zone. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) cv. Desiree was tested against different planting system for yield and yield components at Kaghan, a high mountainous Himalayan region ofPakistan. The experiment was carried out at Himalayan Agricultural Research Station (HARS), Kaghan during the summer season of 2005. The results showed that maximum tuber growth (88.7%), number of stems per plant (3.5), plant expansion (45.5 cm), average number of tubers per plant (10.1) and yield per hectare (12.4 t/ha) were significantly different and higher when potatoes were planted on wide bed and covered with soil from one side. Tallest plants (53.4 cm) were observed when potatoes were sown on the ridges. Maximum number of green potatoes (12.5) and injured potatoes (5.3%) were observed when the tubers were planted following local farmers’ method. Keeping in view the soil type, land slopping, we recommend sowing potatoes on relatively plain wide beds and covering it with soil from one side, for potato cultivation in the area.

马铃薯DHN基因家族的鉴定与分析

脱水素(dehydrin,DHN)作为一种高亲水性蛋白,在植物响应各种生物、非生物胁迫过程中发挥重要作用。本研究在马铃薯基因组中鉴定出7个StDHNs基因,不均匀地分布在3条染色体上,编码氨基酸数目为80~243 aa,内含子数目均为1;StDHNs蛋白分子量在8.54~25.12 kDa之间,等电点为5.24~7.38,共3个保守motifs,保守基序及进化关系分析表明StDHN家族成员在进化上具有高度的保守性。转录表达分析结果显示,StDHN5、StDHN6、StDHN7在特定逆境胁迫下显著高表达。诱导表达模式分析表明,StDHN5、StDHN6受到盐和ABA胁迫的显著诱导,StDHN7响应干旱胁迫。本研究结果可为深入研究马铃薯DHN基因家族的功能及其在逆境胁迫抗性中的应用提供科学依据。

马铃薯种质资源抗黑痣病鉴定及SSR聚类分析

马铃薯黑痣病已成为影响马铃薯产量和商品价值的重要土传病害。为丰富马铃薯抗黑痣病种质资源,提高抗黑痣病育种工作效率,研究通过54份马铃薯种质资源地下茎与匍匐茎黑痣病抗性评价,共筛选出7份中抗资源,分别为克17-33-270、龙18-124-8、龙18-7-100、ND11-7-22、克18-134-5、克17-115-1、克17-6-9。研究利用8对SSR适宜引物对7份抗性材料DNA进行PCR扩增,获得SSR多态性条带42条,多态性比率89.36%,遗传相似性系数在0.444 4~0.833 3之间,以相似性系数0.62为基准,可将7份抗性材料分为3类,其中克18-134-5和克17-115-1为一类;龙18-124-8和龙18-7-100为一类;克17-33-270、ND11-7-22和克17-6-9为一类。

马铃薯根系分泌物对马铃薯金线虫孵化和趋化的影响及外源酸类物质的验证

【目的】探究马铃薯不同抗性品种、不同生育期根系分泌物对马铃薯金线虫(Globodera rostochiensis)孵化和趋化的影响,为马铃薯金线虫绿色防控提供理论依据。【方法】收集4个马铃薯品种3个生育期的根系分泌物,采用浸泡法和滤纸片法研究根系分泌物对马铃薯金线虫孵化和趋化的影响;通过GC-MS分析各根系分泌物的组分;选用8种外源酸类物质咖啡酸、丁二酸、氢化肉桂酸、3-羟基丙酸、3-氨基-3-甲基丁酸、乙醇酸、硬脂酸、L-乳酸的标准品,运用浸泡法和滤纸片法验证根系分泌物中占比较大的主要酸类物质对马铃薯金线虫孵化和趋化的影响。【结果】感病品种青薯9号、会-2的根系分泌物比抗病品种宣薯6号、云薯505的根系分泌物刺激孵化快且孵化量大,在3个生育期(15 d(发芽期)、30 d(幼苗期)和55 d(块茎形成期)),感病品种根系分泌物的刺激孵化效果强于抗病品种,各品种30 d(幼苗期)的根系分泌物刺激孵化效果好于15 d(发芽期)、55 d(块茎形成期),青薯9号根系分泌物的刺激孵化率15、30、55 d依次为7.20%、27.30%、5.70%,会-2依次为10.50%、38.00%、9.40%,宣薯6号依次为5.40%、20.40%、16.30%,云薯505依次为13.20%、21.80%、3.10%。感病品种青薯9号的根系分泌物对马铃薯金线虫幼虫的吸引能力强;从3个生育期看,除了宣薯6号,其余3个品种15 d根系分泌物的吸引效果好于30、55 d,15、30、55 d的根系分泌物吸引率青薯9号依次为13.73%、9.68%、6.13%,会-2依次为5.65%、4.76%、4.89%,云薯505依次为4.86%、4.13%、2.91%,宣薯6号依次为4.11%、5.77%、6.47%。用GC-MS对根系分泌物进行分析鉴定,马铃薯根系分泌物中主要含有9类物质,其中酸类24种、氨基酸类13种、盐类5种、醇类3种、烃类3种、糖类3种、酚类2种、酮类1种、脂类1种,从种类和所占比例可知酸类、氨基酸类、酚类和醇类是供试马铃薯根系分泌物中的主要成分。选择8种代表性酸类物质验证表明,8种物质中丁二酸、3-羟基丙酸对马铃薯金线虫的孵化有显著影响,咖啡酸、氢化肉桂酸对马铃薯金线虫的趋化有显著影响。但与4个品种30 d根系分泌物对马铃薯金线虫的影响对比,上述影响显著的酸类物质刺激孵化效果显著低于根系分泌物,趋化则无显著差异。【结论】不同马铃薯品种的根系分泌物均对马铃薯金线虫孵化和趋化有较大影响,感病品种根系分泌物对马铃薯金线虫孵化、趋化的影响强于抗病品种,总体表现为抗病、感病品种对马铃薯金线虫的影响在根系出现时即播种15 d(发芽期)开始,在30 d(幼苗期)影响最强,到55 d(块茎形成期)影响减弱。马铃薯的根系分泌物种类多样,主要组分为酸类、氨基酸类和醇类,抗病、感病品种略有差异。丁二酸、3-羟基丙酸对孵化的影响显著,咖啡酸、氢化肉桂酸对趋化的影响显著,单一酸性物质对马铃薯金线虫孵化的影响显著小于根系分泌物。

氮磷钾及有机肥对马铃薯生长发育和干物质积累的影响

采取田间试验,探讨不同施肥处理对马铃薯生长发育及干物质积累的影响。结果表明,N1PKM处理(氮300 kg.hm-2,磷200 kg.hm-2,钾200 kg.hm-2,有机肥17.5 t.hm-2)的马铃薯叶片叶绿素含量最高,比对照处理的叶片叶绿素a、b、总量分别高出15.12%、18.18%和36.37%。施用磷肥有效促进了叶面积的增加,N1PKM、N1P、N1PK、P处理的叶面积比对照分别高出27.78%,24.57%,20.26%和20.16%。其中施用磷肥促进马铃薯根系生长的效果最明显,而单施钾肥、有机肥对根长发育的影响不明显。氮、磷、钾、有机肥配比施用可以促进马铃薯地上及地下部的生长,采用氮磷钾与有机肥配合施用时,马铃薯干物质累积总量N1PKM>N1PK>N1K>N1P。N1PKM处理的马铃薯生物量较对照显著提高了117.1%,可以作为旱地马铃薯的施肥方案。

水分胁迫对马铃薯光合生理特性和产量的影响

以云南主栽培马铃薯品种会-2和合作88为材料,进行盆栽比较试验,研究了水分胁迫对马铃薯光合生理特性和产量的影响。结果表明,两种马铃薯品种的叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶面积、SPAD值和产量随干旱胁迫强度增强而降低。两种马铃薯品种水分胁迫处理结果存在差异。随干旱胁迫强度增强,会-2品种光合生理指标、叶面积下降程度较合作88品种小,但合作88品种产量下降程度较会-2品种小。

多效唑对马铃薯试管苗生长和块茎形成的影响

采用离体培养方法,研究了不同浓度多效唑处理对马铃薯试管苗生长和块茎形成的影响.结果表明,0.1～1mg/L多效唑处理完全抑制了MS扩繁培养基中马铃薯试管苗的生长,而0.01mg/L多效唑处理虽抑制了试管苗茎叶的生长,但叶色加深、根重和根长显著增加.在试管薯诱导条件下,0.1mg/L多效唑处理促进了'夏波蒂'提早结薯,使单瓶试管薯鲜重、平均直径和单薯鲜重都显著增加,同时降低了畸形薯率;而单瓶试管薯的结薯数量低于BA+CCC处理,但接近对照.这些结果表明:与广泛应用的矮壮素相比,在马铃薯试管薯生产中使用多效唑能提高试管薯产量和质量,且其使用浓度仅为矮壮素的1/5000,有利于降低残留并节约成本,是矮壮素较好的替代物之一.

超低温保存法去除马铃薯X病毒和马铃薯纺锤块茎类病毒

病毒病严重危害马铃薯生产,是造成马铃薯减产和品质下降的主要因素。PVX和PSTVd属于危害马铃薯最主要的病毒。本文尝试用超低温保存法和常规方法(茎尖分生组织培养、温热疗法以及温热疗法结合茎尖分生组织培养)来去除马铃薯试管苗中的PSTVd和PVX。结果显示马铃薯茎尖经过超低温保存后,存活率和成苗率分别为83.64%和72.04%,高于茎尖分生组织培养(46.67%和31.49%)、温热疗法(72.22%和44.44%)以及温热疗法结合茎尖分生组织培养(50.54%和30.38%)。4种方法都可以去除PVX,其中超低温保存法的脱毒率最高,为59.13%,温热疗法结合茎尖分生组织培养为56.02%,温热疗法和茎尖分生组织培养较低,为42.61%和35.83%。但是4种方法都未能有效地去除PSTVd类病毒,只能通过严格检疫来控制。

马铃薯试管薯形成过程中几种内源激素的变化

以马铃薯早熟品种‘费乌瑞它’脱毒试管苗为材料 ,在试管薯形成过程中 ,研究其GA3 、IAA、 6 -呋喃氨基嘌呤 (KT)、 6 -苄氨基嘌呤 (BAP)、ABA含量的变化。结果表明 :无论是换入试管薯诱导培养基前的试管苗 ,还是试管薯诱导形成过程中的母株试管苗 ,根内各种内源激素含量始终高于茎叶。随着诱导环境的改变 ,以及匍匐茎、试管薯的形成和发育 ,各种内源激素含量发生明显变化。转入诱导培养基后的试管苗在光照培养条件下 ,茎叶内GA3 、IAA、KT、BAP和根内ABA含量均有不同程度的增加 ;黑暗培养 3d匍匐茎形成时 ,GA3 、KT、BAP及茎叶内IAA含量下降 ;黑暗培养 7d匍匐茎顶端开始膨大时 ,茎叶内GA3 、KT、BAP含量再次增高 ,而根内GA3 、BA含量继续下降 ,IAA、ABA含量无明显变化 ;黑暗培养 14d试管块茎基本形成时 ,IAA、BAP含量缓慢上升 ,根内GA3 含量下降 ,茎叶GA3 含量处于相对稳定状态。

土壤熏蒸-微生物有机肥联用对连作马铃薯生长和土壤生化性质的影响

甘肃省中部沿黄灌区是全国重要的加工型马铃薯生产基地,但因集约化种植带来的连作障碍问题已严重影响到产业的健康发展,因而寻求能够缓解或克服马铃薯连作障碍的有效措施。本研究评估了土壤熏蒸和微生物有机肥联用的方法对马铃薯连作障碍的防控效果,特别是对植株生长发育、土传病害抑制以及微生物区系和酶活性等土壤生化性质的影响。田间试验共设置5个处理:对照(CK)、氨水熏蒸(SFA)、石灰+碳铵熏蒸(SFB)、氨水熏蒸与微生物有机肥联用(SFA+BOF)、石灰+碳铵熏蒸与微生物有机肥联用(SFB+BOF)。结果表明,SFA+BOF和SFB+BOF处理较CK均显著增加连作马铃薯的块茎产量,增幅分别达到13.62%和20.36%,也显著降低植株的发病率(54.92%和72.82%)和收获后的病薯率(66.15%和64.76%),并且提高叶绿素含量和改善根系形态结构。SFA+BOF和SFB+BOF处理显著影响土壤可培养微生物的数量,表现为增加马铃薯生育后期土壤细菌和放线菌的数量,降低真菌的数量,在土壤中维持一个更高的细菌/真菌。与CK、SFA和SFB处理相比,SFA+BOF和SFB+BOF处理大幅度降低了连作马铃薯生育期内主要土传致病菌——镰刀菌的数量,使植株发病率降低且块茎产量显著增加。SFA+BOF和SFB+BOF处理对连作土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、脱氢酶和过氧化氢酶的活性无显著影响,但显著提高磷酸酶的活性。因此,土壤熏蒸和微生物有机肥联用的方法在克服甘肃省中部沿黄灌区的马铃薯连作障碍上具有较大的应用潜力,且石灰+碳铵熏蒸与微生物有机肥联用的效果优于氨水熏蒸与微生物有机肥联用。