Transcriptome analysis reveals effects of red and blue lightemitting diodes(LEDs)on the growth,chlorophyll fluorescence and endogenous plant hormones of potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)plantlets cultured in vitro

Red and blue light illumination has been reported to significantly affect plantlet growth.Potato is an important food and feed crop in the world and potato plantlet cultured in vitro plays an important role in potato production.However,few studies have documented the effects of red and blue light on the growth of potato plantlets revealed at the transcriptome level.The objective of this study was to determine the growth and physiological responses of potato plantlets cultured in vitro under monochromatic red(RR),monochromatic blue(BB)as well as combined red and blue(RB)LEDs using the RNA-Seq technique.In total,3150 and 814 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were detected in potato plantlets under RR and BB,respectively,compared to RB(used as control).Compared to the control,the DEGs enriched in"photosynthesis"and"photosynthesis-antenna proteins"metabolic pathways were up-regulated and down-regulated by BB and RR,respectively,which might be responsible for the increases and decreases of maximum quantum yield(F_(v)/F_(m)),photochemical quantum yield(φ_(PSII)),photochemical quenching(q_(P))and electron transfer rate(ETR)in BB and RR,respectively.Potato plantlets exhibited dwarfed stems and extended leaves under BB,whereas elongated stems and small leaves were induced under RR.These dramatically altered plantlet phenotypes were associated with variable levels of endogenous plant hormones gibberellin(GAs),indoleacetic acid(IAA)and cytokinins(CKs),as assessed in stems and leaves of potato plantlets.In addition,monochromatic red and blue LEDs trigged the opposite expression profiles of DEGs identified in the"plant hormone signal transduction"metabolic pathway,which were closely related to the endogenous plant hormone levels in potato plantlets.Our results provide insights into the responses of potato plantlets cultured in vitro to red and blue LEDs at the transcriptomic level and may contribute to improvements in the micro-propagation of potato plantlets cultured in vitro from the light spectrum aspect.

Impact of Organic Soil Amendments on the Physical Characteristics and Yield Components of Potato （Solanum tuberosurn L.） in the Highlands of Cameroon

A field experiment was conducted in the Western Highlands of Cameroon to study the effects of Calliandra calothyrsus, sterilized compost, non-sterilized compost and mineral fertilizers （NPK 11：11：22） on physical characteristics, yield components and late blight disease severity of potato （Solanum tuberosum）. A two factorial treatment combination made up of fertilization schemes and sanitary measures were laid out in a randomized complete block design （RCBD） with four replicates and 10 treatments. Data collected were subjected to a multivariate ANOVA and means separated with the Dunnett t-test with Calliandra calothyrsus considered as the main treatment. Mineral fertilizers and Calliandra calothyrsus significantly augmented stem diameter, plant height and plant vigor, total and marketable yields, despite the fact that late blight severity was high in the two treatments. The correlation matrix showed that total yield had significant and positive correlation with stem diameter （r = 0.74）, plant height （r = 0.61）, plant vigor （r = 0.61） and marketable yield （r = 0.99） and negative correlation （r = -37） with late blight severity. The increase observed is attributed to the nutrient contents of the treatments applied. Leafy prunings of C. calothyrsus increase soil organic matter which probably improves moisture retention and biological activity. The highest late blight severity recorded between the 45 and 60 coincides with active development of plant canopy which influences disease severity and create a canopy microclimate conducive to disease development. This study suggests that Calliandra calothyrsus has the potential of improving potato production provided appropriate fungicide is used.

Preliminary Findings on Yield Response of Potatoes （Solanum tuberosum） to Umostart Super Zn （11.46,0 ＋ 2 Zn ＋ Humates）

Field trials to determine the yield response of potatoes to Umostart Super Zn （USZ） fertilizer （11.46.0 ＋ 2 Zn ＋ Humates） were carried out in 2004 using the cultivar Tigoni. During the long rains season, the treatments included USZ at 15 kg ha^-1 at planting; 30 kg ha^-1 split into 15 kg ha^-1 at planting and 15 kg ha^-1 during final earthing-up; 30 kg ha^-1 at planting; and 45 kg ha^-1 at planting. Treatments during the short rains included USZ at 30 kg ha^-1 split into 15 kg ha^-1 at planting and 15 kg ha^-1 during final earthing-up; 30 kg ha^-1 at planting; 40 kg ha^-1 at planting; 50 kg ha^-1 at planting; 50 kg ha^-1 split into 25 kg ha^-1 at planting and 25 kg ha^-1 during final earthing-up; and 60 kg ha^-1 at planting. USZ was contrasted with Diammonium phosphate （DAP） fertilizer （18：46：0） at 300 kg ha^-1 and 500 kg ha^-1 applied at planting and a control in which no fertilizer was applied. The DAP 300 kg ha^-1 treatment was however, not included during the long rains season. The highest tuber yields among the USZ treatments were obtained in plots treated with 45 kg ha^-1 （27.11 t ha^-1） during the long rains and 60 kg ha^-1 （55.17 t ha^-1） during the short rains season. Application of USZ resulted in a yield increase of at least 3.90 and 19.06 t ha^-1 during the long and short rains seasons respectively.

冷驯化前后野生马铃薯Solanum acaule内参基因的筛选

为找到表达稳定性最好的内参基因,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析了4个内参基因ef1-a、Actin、β-tubulin2和β-tubulin3在野生马铃薯S.acaule冷驯化前后的表达稳定性。结果表明:β-tubulin2和ef1-a表达均稳定,Actin变化最大。因此,β-tubulin2和ef1-a适宜作为野生马铃薯S.acaule的内参基因。

Classification and Integration of Storage and Transportation Engineering Technologies in Potato Producing Areas of China

Considering the development of potato （Solanum tuberosum） industry in China, the existing technologies of potato storage and transportation in the produc- ing area were analyzed through investigation on four main potato production areas. Unear classification was used to conduct the technology classification. According to the technical attributes and characteristics, the potato technologies of storage and transportation in producing area were classified with large classes, middle classes, small classes and subclasses, into the agricultural production area processing and storage engineering technology system, to reveal the structure and functions. Mean- while, the widely used technologies were integrated and summarized into 5 principal technology integration programs, which could be used for the technology integration of the new management subjects such as planting professional cooperatives, family farms, enterprises and so on.

基于SOLANUM模型的甘肃中东部马铃薯潜在产量研究

为探究马铃薯专用生长模拟模型SOLANUM对甘肃省中东部马铃薯产量预测的适用性,并分析该地区主要气候因子对马铃薯产能差的影响。本试验以3个马铃薯基因型为参试材料,利用SOLANUM模型计算并校准甘肃省天水市和定西市马铃薯模型参数,并对SOLANUM模型进行统计学的模型评价。结果表明,SOLANUM模型在甘肃省适用性评价中,产量和冠层覆盖度模拟结果相对均方根误差(RRMSE)均在16%~76.2%之间,模型效应系数(EF)在0.068~0.805之间。相关性分析表明,产能差变化与太阳辐射变化相关系数为0.8,与年降雨量变化相关系数为0.71;潜在产量与年降雨量相关系数为0.92,与太阳辐射相关系数为0.78;实际产量与年降雨量相关系数为0.89,与太阳辐射相关系数为0.68。综上,SOLANUM模型对甘肃省中东部地区马铃薯潜在产量和冠层覆盖度模拟具有适用性,但还需对马铃薯生长发育和生育期长短的估算进行深入研究,从而提高模型模拟精度和适用性。为缩小产能差,甘肃省应选择晚熟抗旱马铃薯品种种植。本研究结果为补充SOLANUM模型模拟精度和提高甘肃省马铃薯潜在产量提供了决策依据。

The Key Factors Affecting Tuber Development of Potato in vitro and the Relation with Protein Fractions

According to previous analysis, some properties bounding up with tuber yield were investigated. The results showed that tuber average weight, plastid Mg2 + -ATPase activity, plastid Ca2 + -ATPase activity, mitochondria Mg2 + -ATPase activity, total soluble protein content, tuber average diameter, and Q-enzyme activity were important factors determining the tuber yield. The linear regression equation was:Y = 0.5211 + 0.0595X(1)+0.8389X(2) +0.0882X(3) -0.0073X(4) +0.1449X(5) +0.3510X(6) +0.0031X(7) -0.00003X(8) + 0.3412X(9) + 0.0127X(10) + 0.2904X(ll) + 0.0570X(12) + 0.0159X(13) + 0.3585X(14) + 0.0134X(15) - 0.1012X(16). At the same time, the relation between several important properties and soluble protein fractions were analyzed.

The Impact of High Temperature during Growing Season on Potato Cultivars with Different Response to Environmental Stresses

Potato crop is the fourth main food crops in the world after maize, rice and wheat. It is characterized by specific temperature requirements and develops best at about 20°C. Forecasts of global warming prompt us to study the tolerance of potato genotypes to heat during the growing season. The aim of this work was to assess the response of chosen potato cultivars to high temperature during the different stages of plant growth under conditions of good soil moisture and drought. The impact of high temperature 32°C/25°C on potato plants was determined in pot experiment in three growth stages. A main measure of tolerance of the potato cultivars to high temperature during the growing season was an evaluation of the yield in relation to the Control combination. Here we demonstrated that tested potato cultivar’s response to high temperature during the growing season is dependent on the growth stage. The earlier it occurs, the more negative its impact on the growth and yield of potatoes is.

The Role of Biodiversity in Food Security and Nutrition: A Potato Cultivar Case Study

Biodiversity is considered a critical measure of the agricultural health of the world. Not only does increased biodiversity contribute to nutrient production and consumption, but it acts as a safeguard against food shortages due to pests and diseases by spreading the risk. Biodiversity can improve dietary diversity in such a way to ultimately contribute to improved food and nutrition security. As a result biodiversity is often highlighted in global discussions related to food and nutrition security. Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are highly biodiverse food crops, with more than 4000 different cultivars grown globally. The crop is sometimes considered as part of the vegetable component of food baskets, but it is mainly added to meals as a starch because potatoes have a high starch content and are thus high in energy. However, significant differences in the nutritional content (including micronutrient composition) of different potato cultivars have been reported in many countries. It is therefore proposed that specific cultivars could potentially contribute more to critical nutrients required in the diet of countries at risk of malnutrition. The nutritional profile (macronutrients and minerals) of 11 potato cultivars cultivated in sub-Saharan Africa was determined and the contribution which these different potatoes could make to the diet, and consequently to food and nutrition security, is discussed. The results showed that significant differences are found in the nutritional content between the different cultivars. Significant differences (p < 0.001) were found in macronutrients such as protein and fat as well as micronutrients such as copper, phosphorus and potassium. These results indicate the potentially beneficial role which a biodiverse range of crops such as potatoes, could play in the food and nutrition security of developing countries.

Genetic Variance Estimates in Heterogeneous Potato Populations Propagated from True Potato Seed(TPS)

Twenty nine cross populations developed according to line × tester mating design along with their twelve parents raised from true potato seeds, were used to study variability and correlation for seven characters. The range of variation for all the characters were found to be wide and pronounced which indicated that characters were quantitative in nature and were under polygenic control. For all the characters, greater portion of the total δ2p was mostly contributed by the δ2g. Among the seven characters, tuber weight per plant showed the highest δ2g, PCV, GCV, H2b, GA and expected GA%. On the other hand, dry matter contents (%) showed the lowest H2b. Phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients of plant height with no. of tubers per plant and tuber weight per plant; no. of branches per plant with no. of tubers per plant and tuber weight per plant were found to be significant and positive.

Detection of Adaptive Genetic Diversity in Wild Potato Populations and Its Implications in Conservation of Potato Germplasm

A better understanding on how genetic diversity is structured at natural habitats can be helpful for exploration and acquisition of plant germplasm. Historically, studies have relied on DNA markers to elucidate potato genetic diversity. Current advances in genomics are broadening applications allowing the identification of markers linked to genomic regions under selection. Those markers, known as adaptive markers, unlock additional ways to value and organize germplasm diversity. For example, conservation priorities could be given to germplasm units containing markers associated to unique geographic identity, and/or linked to traits of tolerance to abiotic stresses. This study investigated if adaptive marker loci were possible to be identified in a large AFLP marker dataset of ninety-four populations of the wild potato species S. fendleri. These populations originated from six different mountain ranges in southern Arizona, USA. A total of 2094 polymorphic AFLP markers were used to conduct genetic diversity analyses of populations and mountain ranges. Adaptive markers were detected using Bayesian methods which distinguished marker loci departing significantly from frequencies expected under neutral models of genetic differentiation. This identified 16 AFLP loci that were considered to be adaptive. To contrast diversity parameters generated with each set of markers, analyses that included all the 2094 AFLP markers, and only the 16 adaptive markers were conducted. The results showed that both were efficient for establishing genetic associations among populations and mountain ranges. However, adaptive markers were better on revealing geographic patterns and identity which would suggest these markers were linked to selection at the natural sites. An additional test to determine if adaptive markers associated to climate variables found two loci associated to specific climate variables in populations from different regions but sharing similar environmental structure. The distribution of adaptive markers among populations revealed that only two were needed to build a core subset able to keep all the markers. This preliminary assessment shows that adaptive genetic diversity could offer an additional way to measure diversity in potato germplasm and to set up options for conservation and research.

Analysis of Diversity among Potato Accessions Grown in Eritrea Using Single Linkage Clustering

Potato is an important cash and food crop, a source of income to many small scale farmers in Eritrea. In the long tradition of potato cultivation farmers have adopted a number of landraces. However, very little is known about their genetic diversity which limits further breeding programs to improve productivity. The objective of the study was to characterize potato accessions grown in Eritrea. A total of 21 accessions collected from farmers and NARI were used in this study for characterization employing 33 phenotypic descriptors. Single linkage (nearest neighbor) clustering method using UPGMA employing Euclidean test was used to yield a dendrogram. The clustering generated three main clusters with further sub clusters. The clustering helped to identify accessions that shared the same characteristics and/or that were closely related and vice versa. It was noted that there was no distinct relationship between the clusters groups and geographic sources of accession. Yet, accessions sharing the same name may not necessarily share the same genetic content. Mean deviation of variables for each group from the total mean indicated that Group III followed by group I showed negative deviation in most of the recorded yield related traits. Group I was particularly affected by the presence of two inferior accessions in the group. On the other hand, Group II accessions showed relatively maximum deviation from the total mean and could be recommended for use as parent for any breeding program in Eritrea.

Effects of Agrobacterial<i>rol</i>-Genes on the Thermodynamic and Structural Features of Starches Extracted from Potato Microtubers

Wild-type potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants and their transformants harboring agrobacterial rolB or rolC genes under control of the patatin class I promoter were cultured in vitro. These plants were used as a source of single-node stem cuttings. The structure of native starch in tubers formed on cuttings was determined using methods of X-ray scattering and differential scanning microcalorimetry (DSC). It was found that in starch from tubers of rolB plants the melting temperature of crystalline lamella was lower and their thickness was less than that in wild-type potato. In tubers of rolC plants starch differed from starch in wild-type plants by a higher melting temperature, reduced melting enthalpy, and a greater thickness of crystalline lamellae. The melting of starch from tubers of rolC plants proceeded as the melting of two independent crystalline structures with melting temperatures of 338.0°K and 342.8°K. Overall data show that starches of different structure can be obtained by using transgenic approach.

Effects of different planting systems on yield of potato crop in Kaghan Valley: A mountainous region of Pakistan

Conversion of potato from conventional methods to wide bed planting systems may increase water and nitrogen use efficiency in commercial potato production system by reducing the amount of irrigation water and water applied nitrogen fertilizer bypassing the potato root zone. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) cv. Desiree was tested against different planting system for yield and yield components at Kaghan, a high mountainous Himalayan region ofPakistan. The experiment was carried out at Himalayan Agricultural Research Station (HARS), Kaghan during the summer season of 2005. The results showed that maximum tuber growth (88.7%), number of stems per plant (3.5), plant expansion (45.5 cm), average number of tubers per plant (10.1) and yield per hectare (12.4 t/ha) were significantly different and higher when potatoes were planted on wide bed and covered with soil from one side. Tallest plants (53.4 cm) were observed when potatoes were sown on the ridges. Maximum number of green potatoes (12.5) and injured potatoes (5.3%) were observed when the tubers were planted following local farmers’ method. Keeping in view the soil type, land slopping, we recommend sowing potatoes on relatively plain wide beds and covering it with soil from one side, for potato cultivation in the area.

马铃薯野生种烯酰水合酶超家族基因ScDHNS的克隆与功能分析

【目的】1,4-二氢氧-2-石脑-CoA合成酶(1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA synthase,DHNS)基因是茄科植物糖苷生物碱合成代谢的潜在重要基因,开展马铃薯DHNS基因功能研究与验证,为低糖苷生物碱马铃薯品种(系)的选育提供基因和材料来源。【方法】利用RACE方法克隆得到马铃薯野生种恰柯薯(Solanum chacoense)ScDHNS基因,对其进行生物信息学分析和亚细胞定位,通过构建过表达载体pBWA(V)HS-DHNS转化马铃薯栽培种进行功能验证。【结果】ScDHNS cDNA序列开放阅读框1023 bp,编码340个氨基酸,分子量为37.34 kD,等电点pI为8.592,具有典型的ECH保守结构域,属于烯酰水合酶超家族成员,在二穗短柄草(Brachypodium distachyon)、蒺藜苜蓿(Medicago truncatula)等植物基因组中都有其同源基因,且存在基因扩张和收缩事件。过表达ScDHNS基因后发现转化株ScDHNS和SGT1基因表达量显著上调,且表达量显著高于马铃薯WT植株。且对应转化植株的总糖苷生物碱含量显著高于马铃薯WT植株,最高可达到364.3 mg/kg,是对照的2.4倍。亚细胞定位结果显示ScDHNS定位于过氧化物酶体。【结论】马铃薯ScDHNS基因可能参与调控糖苷生物碱合成关键基因SGT1的表达,通过β-氧化途径和甲羟戊酸通路协同影响糖苷生物碱的合成,该基因与糖苷生物碱在亚细胞水平上的区室化有重要关系,对于培育低糖苷生物碱的马铃薯品种(系)具有重要的应用价值。

暹罗芽胞杆菌JZ1-4-10对马铃薯干腐病的抑菌作用及机理

为了得到对马铃薯干腐病具有良好抑菌效果的生防细菌,本研究从4株芽胞杆菌中筛选出暹罗芽胞杆菌JZ1-4-10,并通过马铃薯活体试验探究菌株JZ1-4-10防治马铃薯干腐病及其相关防御酶活性的影响。结果表明,4株芽胞杆菌中菌株JZ1-4-10的抑菌活性最高,对茄病镰刀菌的抑菌率达59.15%,发酵液的抑菌率达61.25%;此外,菌株JZ1-4-10处理有效提高了马铃薯SOD和POD活性,降低PPO酶活性和MDA含量,保持了马铃薯贮藏期间的品质,且对马铃薯干腐病的预防效果优于治疗、钝化的防治效果,达85.17%;同时,该菌株菌悬液及挥发性有机物均有较高的抑菌活性,并具有较强的生物膜形成能力。因此,暹罗芽胞杆菌JZ1-4-10对马铃薯干腐病有着巨大的防治潜力,可进一步开发成生防菌剂。

马铃薯DHN基因家族的鉴定与分析

脱水素(dehydrin,DHN)作为一种高亲水性蛋白,在植物响应各种生物、非生物胁迫过程中发挥重要作用。本研究在马铃薯基因组中鉴定出7个StDHNs基因,不均匀地分布在3条染色体上,编码氨基酸数目为80~243 aa,内含子数目均为1;StDHNs蛋白分子量在8.54~25.12 kDa之间,等电点为5.24~7.38,共3个保守motifs,保守基序及进化关系分析表明StDHN家族成员在进化上具有高度的保守性。转录表达分析结果显示,StDHN5、StDHN6、StDHN7在特定逆境胁迫下显著高表达。诱导表达模式分析表明,StDHN5、StDHN6受到盐和ABA胁迫的显著诱导,StDHN7响应干旱胁迫。本研究结果可为深入研究马铃薯DHN基因家族的功能及其在逆境胁迫抗性中的应用提供科学依据。

马铃薯种质资源抗黑痣病鉴定及SSR聚类分析

马铃薯黑痣病已成为影响马铃薯产量和商品价值的重要土传病害。为丰富马铃薯抗黑痣病种质资源,提高抗黑痣病育种工作效率,研究通过54份马铃薯种质资源地下茎与匍匐茎黑痣病抗性评价,共筛选出7份中抗资源,分别为克17-33-270、龙18-124-8、龙18-7-100、ND11-7-22、克18-134-5、克17-115-1、克17-6-9。研究利用8对SSR适宜引物对7份抗性材料DNA进行PCR扩增,获得SSR多态性条带42条,多态性比率89.36%,遗传相似性系数在0.444 4~0.833 3之间,以相似性系数0.62为基准,可将7份抗性材料分为3类,其中克18-134-5和克17-115-1为一类;龙18-124-8和龙18-7-100为一类;克17-33-270、ND11-7-22和克17-6-9为一类。

马铃薯根系分泌物对马铃薯金线虫孵化和趋化的影响及外源酸类物质的验证

【目的】探究马铃薯不同抗性品种、不同生育期根系分泌物对马铃薯金线虫(Globodera rostochiensis)孵化和趋化的影响,为马铃薯金线虫绿色防控提供理论依据。【方法】收集4个马铃薯品种3个生育期的根系分泌物,采用浸泡法和滤纸片法研究根系分泌物对马铃薯金线虫孵化和趋化的影响;通过GC-MS分析各根系分泌物的组分;选用8种外源酸类物质咖啡酸、丁二酸、氢化肉桂酸、3-羟基丙酸、3-氨基-3-甲基丁酸、乙醇酸、硬脂酸、L-乳酸的标准品,运用浸泡法和滤纸片法验证根系分泌物中占比较大的主要酸类物质对马铃薯金线虫孵化和趋化的影响。【结果】感病品种青薯9号、会-2的根系分泌物比抗病品种宣薯6号、云薯505的根系分泌物刺激孵化快且孵化量大,在3个生育期(15 d(发芽期)、30 d(幼苗期)和55 d(块茎形成期)),感病品种根系分泌物的刺激孵化效果强于抗病品种,各品种30 d(幼苗期)的根系分泌物刺激孵化效果好于15 d(发芽期)、55 d(块茎形成期),青薯9号根系分泌物的刺激孵化率15、30、55 d依次为7.20%、27.30%、5.70%,会-2依次为10.50%、38.00%、9.40%,宣薯6号依次为5.40%、20.40%、16.30%,云薯505依次为13.20%、21.80%、3.10%。感病品种青薯9号的根系分泌物对马铃薯金线虫幼虫的吸引能力强;从3个生育期看,除了宣薯6号,其余3个品种15 d根系分泌物的吸引效果好于30、55 d,15、30、55 d的根系分泌物吸引率青薯9号依次为13.73%、9.68%、6.13%,会-2依次为5.65%、4.76%、4.89%,云薯505依次为4.86%、4.13%、2.91%,宣薯6号依次为4.11%、5.77%、6.47%。用GC-MS对根系分泌物进行分析鉴定,马铃薯根系分泌物中主要含有9类物质,其中酸类24种、氨基酸类13种、盐类5种、醇类3种、烃类3种、糖类3种、酚类2种、酮类1种、脂类1种,从种类和所占比例可知酸类、氨基酸类、酚类和醇类是供试马铃薯根系分泌物中的主要成分。选择8种代表性酸类物质验证表明,8种物质中丁二酸、3-羟基丙酸对马铃薯金线虫的孵化有显著影响,咖啡酸、氢化肉桂酸对马铃薯金线虫的趋化有显著影响。但与4个品种30 d根系分泌物对马铃薯金线虫的影响对比,上述影响显著的酸类物质刺激孵化效果显著低于根系分泌物,趋化则无显著差异。【结论】不同马铃薯品种的根系分泌物均对马铃薯金线虫孵化和趋化有较大影响,感病品种根系分泌物对马铃薯金线虫孵化、趋化的影响强于抗病品种,总体表现为抗病、感病品种对马铃薯金线虫的影响在根系出现时即播种15 d(发芽期)开始,在30 d(幼苗期)影响最强,到55 d(块茎形成期)影响减弱。马铃薯的根系分泌物种类多样,主要组分为酸类、氨基酸类和醇类,抗病、感病品种略有差异。丁二酸、3-羟基丙酸对孵化的影响显著,咖啡酸、氢化肉桂酸对趋化的影响显著,单一酸性物质对马铃薯金线虫孵化的影响显著小于根系分泌物。

中国马铃薯病虫害发生情况与农药使用现状

作为继水稻、玉米和小麦之后的第四大主粮作物,马铃薯在保障我国粮食安全、精准扶贫、种植业结构调整以及农业产业转型升级中发挥着至关重要的作用。我国马铃薯的种植面积和总产量均位居世界首位,但单产水平因病虫害等瓶颈因素的制约低于世界平均水平。在国家重点研发项目的资助下,项目组在马铃薯六大优势产区开展了有害生物疫情监测和农药使用现状普查工作。明确了我国马铃薯生产上的主要病虫害共计27种,提出以晚疫病、早疫病、黑痣病、枯萎病、黑胫病、疮痂病、金针虫、蛴螬、二十八星瓢虫、马铃薯块茎蛾、蚜虫、蓟马等"六病六虫"为重点防控对象,根据各区域情况兼顾青枯病、环腐病、黄萎病、粉痂病等病虫害的防控。探明了我国马铃薯单位面积农药施用次数和施用量分别为17次和40.03 kg·hm^-2,高于全国平均水平的4.16次和3.49 kg·hm^-2。马铃薯现有农药登记产品防治对象的覆盖范围严重不足,青枯病、疮痂病、粉痂病等重要病虫害面临无登记农药可用的窘境。在农药减施策略方面,提出践行有害生物综合治理方针。建立马铃薯病虫害监测预警和早期精确诊断技术体系,为制定科学防控策略,适时精准施药奠定基础。选育推广抗病、虫品种,优化品种布局。适时播种、合理间套作,从时空两个维度阻隔规避马铃薯有害生物的侵染。种薯源头管控,完善种薯认证监管体系。扩大合格脱毒种薯的应用面积,大力推广种薯处理技术。研发推广化学农药高效施用技术与绿色防控替代技术是实现马铃薯化学农药减施的核心驱动。