The Effect of Plant Growth Regulator and Active Charcoal on the Development of Microtubers of Potatoes

With the detoxicated seedling of a potato cultivation breed named “Mire” as the material, the effect of auxins CCC, 6-BA, and active carbon to microtubers of potato (Solanum tubersum L.) was investigated under the in-vitro circumstances. The result indicated the exogenous auxins improved the production and quality of microtubers of potatoes. The effect of induction can be described as CCC > CCC + 6-BA > 6-BA > CK, the number of microtubers in per flask is 8.17 > 7.67 > 7.29 > 5.46, and the number of large potatoes in per flask is 6.33 > 5.17 > 3.17 > 1. In addition, by adding 0.5‰ of active charcoal, the growth period was shortened from 25.0 days to 9.33 days on average, and the amount of larger potatoes increased 8.54%. These results benefited the growth of microtubers of potato.

Generation of Virus Free Potato Plantlets through Meristem Culture and Their Field Evaluation

Different aspects of micropropagation through meristem culture for the production of virus indexed source plants, in vitro tuberization and field evaluation of the in vitro regenerated plants were studied on four commercial cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) viz., Diamant, Cardinal, Shilbilati and Lalpakri. The investigation was conducted at Rajshahi, Bangladesh from December 2010 to March 2012 to produce virus-free potato plantlets through meristem culture, shoot multiplications with root induction as well as their acclimatization and evaluation of morphological characters and tuber yield under field condition. Shoot tips of 25 - 30 day old field-grown plants of above mentioned four cultivars were used for meristem isolation. After isolation, meristems of these varieties of potato were cultured on “M” shaped filter paper bridge in Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium. Four different treatments of media formulations viz. 0.1 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L GA3, 0.1 mg/L KIN + 0.5 mg/L GA3, 0.5 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L GA3 and 0.5 mg/L KIN + 0.5 mg/L GA3 were used as plant growth regulators. From these formulations MS + 0.1 mg/L KIN + 0.5 mg/L GA3 was found to be the best for the primary establishment of meristem culture. The primarily established meristems were subcultured on to MS semisolid basal medium supplemented with four different treatment combinations of hormones viz. 0.5 mg/L BA + 1.0 mg/L IBA;0.1 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L GA3;0.5 mg/L BA + 0.5 mg/L GA3 and 0.5 mg/L KIN + 0.5 mg/L GA3 were used to identify the suitable media compositions for shoot proliferation. Results showed that out of these four media treatments the formulation 0.5 mg/L BA + 0.5 mg/L GA3 was found to be the best suitable for shoot generation. Among the four cultivars of potato higher frequency of shoot proliferation (number of shoots/explant and longest shoot length) was observed in Diamant, though the highest shoot formation (76%) was recorded in Cardinal. Virus free in vitro grown potato plantlets were obtained through DAS-ELISA test and used substantially for micro-propagation. After gradual acclimatization of rooted plantlets of four potato cultivars, they were transferred into the field for cultivation and established successfully. It was observed from the field study of in vitro meristem-derived plantlets that there were no virus-affected plants. The virus-free exotic varieties were much superior in all vegetative attributes and yield compared to those of indigenous varieties with producing potato plants of normal height. In contrast, the indigenous varieties took a longer time to tuber initiation and maturity, lower plant height and number of leaves per plant, a higher number of tubers but a lower amount of tuber weight per plant, and poorer tuber grade than the exotic varieties. However, the variety Cardinal exposed the best performances in the context of survival percentage of plantlets (90%), days to tuber initiation (DTI), a number of leaves per plant (NL), tuber weight per plant (343.40%) and the percentage of rich tuber grade.

Establishment and Growth of Potato Micro-Cuttings in Sand Trays

Two separate experiments were conducted to evaluate the success of the establishment and growth of micro-cuttings of potato (5 - 6 cm tall) in sand trays [38 cm (L) × 28 cm (W) × 7.5 cm (H) plastic trays] under controlled environment (22?C ± 2?C, 60 - 75 μmosm–1?s–1 light energy for 16 h daily). In the first experiment, micro-cuttings of potato cv. Diamant were planted at six populations (500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000 cuttings per tray) in treated sand (sun dry, 1% formaldehyde, 0.2% Dithane M-45 and control). The mortality percentage of micro-cuttings was nil for sun dry sand while formaldehyde and dithane M-45 treated sand had 1% - 4% against 15% in the control with the highest population density. Mortality of micro-cuttings in formaldehyde and dithane M-45 treated sand trays were found not to be related to pathogenic organism rather toxic effect of these two chemicals. Micro-cuttings in Sun dry and control treatments showed better growth performance than these in chemically treated sand trays. In the second experiment, urea @ 1, 2 and 3 g per tray was applied as solid form after 15 days of planting the micro-cuttings and as liquid form @ 0.5, 1 and 2% solution sprayed in the micro-cuttings repeatedly after 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of planting. The micro-cuttings which received urea as solid state died within 2 - 3 days and 2% urea solution was also detrimental. Urea solution @ 0.5% found to be very effective for vegetative growth of micro-cuttings in sand trays. The control was also good for vegetative growth but at a slower rate.

不同光质对马铃薯生长及光合特性的影响

【目的】为探究不同光质对马铃薯生长发育的调节规律。【方法】以马铃薯品种费乌瑞它为供试材料,研究白光、远红光、红光、绿光、蓝光、紫外光对马铃薯植株生长和光合特性的影响。【结果】不同光质对植株生长具有不同调节作用,红光处理下株高、根表面积、叶绿素含量、单个块茎重较白光分别增加37.20%、35.54%、18.82%、112.69%,单株结薯数较白光降低50.70%;蓝光处理下根表面积、蒸腾速率、单株结薯数、单个块茎质量、单株产量较白光分别增加18.98%、17.02%、25.91%、65.67%、108.11%;绿光处理下茎粗、净光合速率、单株结薯数、单株产量较白光分别降低20.45%、6.44%、22.56%、22.45%;远红光处理下根长、根表面积、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率较白光分别降低24.73%、30.91%、26.47%、10.67%、34.75%;紫外光处理下株高、根表面积、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率较白光分别降低21.72%、20.75%、21.18%、7.78%、15.60%。【结论】根据主成分分析综合评价表明,蓝光可有效促进马铃薯生长,提高光合效率,在实际生产中可通过蓝光照射提高马铃薯种薯生产效率。

植物生长调节剂复配对甘薯薯苗生长及产量的影响

为研究不同植物生长调节剂复配组合对甘薯生长增产的效果,以‘烟薯25’为试验材料,开展甘薯苗期与田间药效试验。苗期试验中,167 mg/kg的0.02%二氢卟吩铁SP分别与50 mg/kg的NAA、IBA和IAA进行复配处理,3个复配处理组甘薯的发根数及根鲜重高于清水对照,其中0.02%二氢卟吩铁SP与NAA复配表现最佳,发根数与清水对照呈显著性差异。田间试验中,各植物生长调节剂复配处理的甘薯产量均高于清水对照,其中0.02%二氢卟吩铁SP分别和IBA、NAA的复配处理小区平均产量高于对照药剂(50 mg/kg 60%氯化胆碱AS),与清水对照相比产量增幅分别为12.2%和21.3%。各植物生长调节剂复配处理后,甘薯的大薯率和中薯率均高于清水对照,植物生长调节的施用加快了薯块膨大速度,这可能是甘薯产量提升的重要原因之一。田间施用各处理药剂均无药害发生,各处理裂薯率为5.3%~6.7%,各处理间无显著性差异。167 mg/kg的0.02%二氢卟吩铁SP与50 mg/kg的NAA复配对甘薯的生长增产促进效果最佳。

植物生长调节剂拌种对马铃薯生长和产量的影响

以云南陆良县召夸镇为试验地点,通过设置寡聚酸碘、5%氨基寡糖素、甲壳寡糖素3种植物生长调节剂6种不同的配置方案,对不同植物生长调节剂配置拌种下马铃薯生长情况和产量指标2个角度进行评估,探究植物生长调节剂拌种对马铃薯生长和产量的影响,以期为马铃薯的科学种植提供试验数据依据。

不同植物生长调节剂对冬作马铃薯块茎的影响

为了科学引导平坝区植物生长调节剂在马铃薯生产上的应用,增加粮食产量的同时保障粮食安全,以马铃薯“费乌瑞它”为主要试验材料,综合比较不同植物生长调节剂对马铃薯生长特性、农艺性状、产量及品质的影响,筛选适合平坝区冬作马铃薯的施药方法。结果表明,植物生长调节剂均能有效降低马铃薯植株株高,增加主茎粗壮程度,提高马铃薯产量;同时对品质方面均有不同程度的增加,但多效唑、矮壮素、胺鲜酯会降低马铃薯商品率。综合考虑商品率与产量指标,1 500 mg/kg氯化胆碱处理是最佳的外施方案。

薯苗类型和种植密度对鲜食型甘薯生长发育及产量形成的影响

本试验以龙薯9号为材料,研究薯苗类型和种植密度对鲜食型甘薯生长发育及块根产量形成的影响。结果表明:大田苗返苗早、生长快,块根形成时间早于苗床苗。栽后40 d,相同密度条件下,大田苗的单株基部分枝数、最长蔓长、单株叶片数均显著高于苗床苗;相同薯苗类型条件下,最低密度处理的最长蔓长和单株叶片数显著高于最高密度处理。收获时,与苗床苗相比,大田苗鲜薯产量、商品薯产量、单株薯重、单株结薯数和单株商品薯数均显著提高,商品薯数量占比、平均单薯重、平均单块商品薯重和平均单块商品薯直径显著降低。在一定密度范围内,鲜薯产量、商品薯产量随密度增加而增加,单株薯重、单株商品薯块数、平均单薯重、平均单块商品薯重随密度增加而下降。

不同植物生长调节剂对甘薯薯苗生长及产量的影响

为了研究不同植物生长调节剂对甘薯薯苗农艺性状及产量的影响,以烟薯25为试验材料,进行了甘薯苗期试验和大田试验。结果表明,甘薯苗期施用不同浓度0.02%二氢卟吩铁SP,处理②、处理③和处理④(0.02%二氢卟吩铁SP分别稀释4000、6000、8000倍)对薯苗生长均具有一定的促进作用,其中处理③在所有处理中表现最佳,生根率、发根数、根长与对照呈显著差异,田间施用后增产幅度为9.3%;施用不同植物生长调节剂复配处理,处理⑤(NAA∶IBA∶IAA=7∶1∶1)和处理⑥(NAA∶IBA∶IAA=4∶1∶1)对薯苗生长均有促进作用,施用后增产幅度分别为15.5%和5.7%。表明稀释6000倍0.02%二氢卟吩铁SP或浓度为50 mg/kg NAA∶IBA∶IAA=7∶1∶1复配药剂处理可更好地促进甘薯生长和产量提升。

植物生长调节剂对马铃薯原原种生产的影响研究

为了了解不同类型植物生长调节剂对马铃薯原原种生产的影响,开展不同类型植物生长调节剂在马铃薯原原种生产中的应用对比研究。结果表明,施用不同类型植物生长调节剂对马铃薯原原种生产的影响不同。其中:施用矮壮素处理对马铃薯株高有明显的控制效果,马铃薯匍匐茎形成期平均株高为30.0 cm,较对照减少5.0 cm;施用赤霉素处理可促进马铃薯茎叶生长,马铃薯株高可达到39.3 cm,较CK高4.3 cm;施用低浓度多效唑处理可增加马铃薯结薯数量,每1 m2结薯数量达到440粒,较对照增加57粒;施用细胞分裂素、萘乙酸处理对马铃薯结薯影响不大。

不同株距对紫甘薯“内渝紫2号”生长和产量性状的影响

为确定紫甘薯新品种“内渝紫2号”最佳种植株距,为新品种的示范推广提供技术依据,设置5种不同株距(20、25、30、35、40cm),对不同株距条件下紫甘薯“内渝紫2号”的植株性状、产量性状进行调查分析。结果表明:加大株距有利于提高茎蔓长度、分枝数、单株结薯数、单株鲜薯质量和大中薯比例;在30~40 cm范围内,缩小株距,有利于提高鲜薯产量、茎叶产量和薯干产量;30 cm株距时鲜薯产量和薯干产量最高,667 m2产量分别为1722.67 kg和480.63 kg。综合考虑,建议“内渝紫2号”栽培株距为30 cm,可获得较为理想的鲜薯产量。

马铃薯原原种雾培法栽培光照时间调控技术研究

试验采用黑膜遮挡水培架上的马铃薯植株茎叶,设置白天与夜间不同的光照时间处理,研究不同光照时间处理对马铃薯植株生长及结薯的影响。结果表明,光照时间8 h、黑暗时间16 h处理(处理(8))的马铃薯匍匐茎形成量最多,同时茎叶黄化速度加快;其次为光照时间9 h、黑暗时间15 h处理(处理(7)),马铃薯匍匐茎形成量次于处理(8),但马铃薯茎叶黄化速度慢,有利于块茎膨大生长及茎叶的正常生长。可以看出光照时间长、黑暗时间短,植株营养生长旺盛、叶绿素含量高、生长快,匍匐茎不形成;随着光照时间变短、黑暗时间变长,植株营养生长变慢,生殖生长加快,匍匐茎逐步形成,顶端开始膨大。

外源激素对马铃薯试管薯形成和发育的影响

研究几种外源激素IAA、GA和BAP互作对马铃薯试管薯形成和发育的影响,结果表明,IAA与GA互作对马铃薯试管苗生长有积极的促进作用,能够明显提高试管苗的高度,最大增幅可达90.3％,而IAA与BAP互作对试管苗生长有明显抑制作用。IAA与GA互作对试管苗根的形成和生长影响不明显。BAP对试管薯形成有重要作用,而GA与BAP互作能进一步促进试管薯生长,处理4(IAA+GA+BAP)比处理3(IAA+BAP)的试管薯鲜重和直径分别增加163.8％和46.4％。

植物生长调节剂和种植密度对马铃薯‘陇薯7号’生长、产量及不同质量块茎分布的影响

【目的】探索陇中半干旱区‘陇薯7号’种薯繁育合理的种植密度和对株型调控有效的植物生长调节剂种类,为建立‘陇薯7号’北繁南种脱毒种薯繁育技术体系提供依据.【方法】以‘陇薯7号’原种为试验材料,采用裂区设计,研究植物生长调节剂烯效唑(S3307)、多效唑(PP333)、矮壮素(CCC)和不同种植密度对马铃薯植株生长及生理指标、产量及其构成因素、不同质量块茎分布、成熟期以及块茎休眠期的影响.【结果】烯效唑和多效唑能够显著降低株高,减少分枝数,降低叶面积指数;显著增加叶片叶绿素含量,提高叶片光合能力;能够增加单株结薯数、降低平均单薯质量,显著提高产量,缩短生育期.烯效唑可缩短块茎休眠期,多效唑和矮壮素不同程度延长了块茎休眠期.在4.5~10.5万株/hm^2的种植密度范围内,随着密度的增加,茎粗减小,分枝数减少,叶面积指数下降;随着密度的增加,单株结薯数显著减少,平均单薯质量显著降低,群体产量呈逐渐增加的趋势.烯效唑、多效唑处理和增加种植密度均对不同质量块茎分布有显著影响,且作用效果一致,<20 g和20~50 g块茎比率显著提高,>100 g块茎比率显著降低,50~100 g块茎比率变化不明显.【结论】陇中半干旱区繁育‘陇薯7号’脱毒一级种供南方冬作区冬播用种,种植密度以7.5万株/hm^2为宜,配合初花期叶面喷施100 mg/L(45 g/hm^2)烯效唑,可有效调控植株生长,提高产量,提早成熟.

植物生长调节剂对马铃薯还原糖及淀粉含量的影响

[目的]研究不同植物生长调节剂对马铃薯还原糖及淀粉含量的影响。[方法]在大田栽培条件下,以马铃薯(Solanum tuberosumL.)荷兰212为材料,叶面喷施不同植物生长调节剂,通过比较叶片、匍匐茎及块茎内还原糖和淀粉含量的变化,研究喷施植物生长调节剂对马铃薯碳代谢的调控效应。[结果]2-N,N-二乙氨基乙基己酸酯(DTA-6)可以显著降低取样末期匍匐茎内淀粉和还原糖的含量,同时还能降低块茎内还原糖的含量,提高叶片内还原糖的积累量;烯效唑(S3307)可以极显著提高块茎内淀粉积累量并极显著促进取样末期匍匐茎内淀粉的转移,而且还可降低取样后期块茎内还原糖含量、极显著提高叶片内淀粉的积累量;SOD模拟物SODM与S3307的效果相似。[结论]该研究结果对了解植物生长调节剂的作用机制及促进植物生长调节剂在马铃薯上的应用具有重要意义。

嫁接与短日照处理下3种植物生长调节剂对诱导甘薯开花结实的影响

本研究采用裂区试验设计,以短日和嫁接双重诱导下的3个甘薯品种为主区,植物生长调节剂处理为副区,研究3种植物生长调节剂单独作用时对甘薯开花结实有促进作用的最佳浓度,分析了各品种作为杂交亲本时的利用价值。结果表明,渝薯2号和浙13的开花结实能力均显著高于商丘52-7,可作为优良的亲本材料加以利用;诱导甘薯开花和结实促进作用最显著的植物生长调节剂处理为25 mg/L 6-BA,其次是50 mg/L NAA和400 mg/L GA3。

植物生长营养液对干旱期及复水后马铃薯渗透调节物质的影响

基于盆栽试验,研究了3种水分条件及复水后植物生长营养液对马铃薯叶片及根系渗透调节能力的影响。结果表明,不同水分胁迫程度及复水条件下,喷施植物生长营养液均能提高马铃薯叶片和根系渗透调节物质,与CK相比,叶片游离脯氨酸增加了8.05%~21.35%,根系游离脯氨酸增加了4.04%~18.37%;叶片可溶性糖增加了12.93%~20.12%,根系可溶性糖增加了10.76%~28.36%;叶片可溶性蛋白增加了6.22%~14.12%,根系可溶性蛋白增加了1.17%~6.54%,马铃薯产量增加了3.19%~7.55%。水分胁迫下植物生长营养液对马铃薯叶片和根系渗透调节物质的影响大于正常供水,且显著提高重度水分胁迫下马铃薯产量。

马铃薯试管薯诱导因子研究

以马铃薯栽培品种Favorite、Atltantic和克新 1号脱毒试管苗为材料 ,着重研究了离体条件下外源激素、碳源以及活性炭对试管薯形成和发育的影响。结果表明 :①加入一定浓度的外源激素 ,利于提高试管薯的产量和质量 ,其诱导效应依次为BA >BA +CCC >CCC >无外源激素 ;②诱导试管薯对碳源纯度要求不高 ,食用白糖替代蔗糖完全可能 ;③活性炭能够明显提高试管薯前期的形成和发育。

冬种马铃薯生长发育规律观测

【目的】明确冬种马铃薯的生长发育规律,为提高冬种马铃薯的产量和品质及推进广西冬种马铃薯产业发展提供理论依据。【方法】以冬种马铃薯主栽品种费乌瑞它和广西选育品种桂农薯1号为研究对象,观测其株高、茎粗、叶干重、茎干重、块茎数和块茎干重等6个关键生长指标的变化动态。【结果】两个参试冬种马铃薯的生长发育指标呈规律变化,株高、茎粗、块茎数和块茎干重等4个指标均发生三段式的S形变化规律,叶干重和茎干重则呈倒U形变化规律;地上"源"器官(叶、茎)与地下"库"器官(块茎)呈极显著(P<0.01)或显著(P<0.05)相关。【结论】可将冬种马铃薯生长发育阶段分为5个时期,即出苗期、现蕾期、块茎形成期、块茎膨大期和块茎成熟期,生产上可依据不同生长时期的特点安排生产管理,使地上"源"器官和地下"库"器官相协调,达到增产增收的目的。

不同株行距对甘薯生长和产量性状的影响

在0.8~1.0 m行距和0.15~0.25 m株距条件下,采用9种不同株行距配置方式,在海南省种植短蔓型甘薯品种广薯79,结果表明:加宽行距有利于提高分枝数、单株鲜薯重、干物率、薯干产量和淀粉产量;缩小株距有利于提高鲜薯产量和薯干产量;加宽株距有利于提高分枝数、单株结薯数、单株鲜薯重和大中薯比率。在9个处理中,0.8 m×0.15 m株行距配置方式收获最高的鲜薯产量,(0.9~1.0 m)×(0.15~0.20 m)株行距配置方式获得较高的薯干产量和淀粉产量。