Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis of Fagopyrum tataricum Varieties(Lines)

In order to reveal the genetic differences and agronomic traits of Fagopy-rum tataricum_ varieties （lines） intuitively, explore good resources and avoid the blindness of parent selection during the breeding process, six primary agronomic traits of 45 F. tataricum_ varieties （lines） that came from the eleven buckwheat breeding departments across the country were analyzed with principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results of principal component analysis showed that the six agronomic traits could be simplified into three principal components, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 83%. The results of cluster analysis showed that the 45 F. tataricum varieties （lines） were classified into four groups：high stalk, medium yield and smal grain type, medium stalk, high yield and large grain type, medium stalk, low yield and smal grain type and high stalk, medium yield and medium grain type. Among them, performance of comprehensive trait of the second type was better than that of the other types. Thus, the F. tataricum_va-rieties （lines） that were classified into the second type could be considered as good varieties （lines） or breeding materials. The genetic differences among F. tataricum_varieties （lines） had no necessary correlations with origin and geographical distance. ln addition to complementary traits and geographical distance, genetic distances （dif-ferent populations） should be taken into consideration during parent selection in cross breeding.

Characterization of QTL for unique agronomic traits of new-plant-type rice varieties using introgression lines of IR64

To enhance the yield potential of an elite indica rice cultivar,an introgression(BC_3-derived) line of IR64,YTH288,was developed using a new-plant-type cultivar,IR66215-44-2-3,as a donor parent.YTH288 has agronomically valuable characteristics such as large panicles,few unproductive tillers,and large leaves inherited from NPT.To identify the genetic basis of these traits,we used 167 F_2 plants derived from a cross between IR64 and YTH288 to conduct QTL analysis for five agronomic traits:days to heading(DTH),culm length(CL),flag leaf length(FLL),flag leaf width(FLW),and filled spikelet number per panicle(FSN).Six putative QTL were detected:four on chromosome4(for CL,FLL,FLW,and FSN) and two on chromosome 2(for DTH and FLL).All QTL with the IR66215-44-2-3 allele,except that for FLL on chromosome 2,had positive effects on each trait.To confirm the effects of these putative QTL,we developed NILs with the IR64 genetic background by marker-assisted selection.We observed significant differences in several agronomic traits between IR64 and NILs that carried these QTL on chromosomes2 and 4.Additionally,four IR64-NILs carrying chromosomal segments derived from different NPT varieties on the long arm of chromosome 4 exhibited similar pleiotropic To enhance the yield potential of an elite indica rice cultivar, an introgression(BC3-derived) line of IR64, YTH288, was developed using a new-plant-type cultivar,IR66215-44-2-3, as a donor parent. YTH288 has agronomically valuable characteristics such as large panicles, few unproductive tillers, and large leaves inherited from NPT.To identify the genetic basis of these traits, we used 167 F2 plants derived from a cross between IR64 and YTH288 to conduct QTL analysis for five agronomic traits: days to heading(DTH), culm length(CL), flag leaf length(FLL), flag leaf width(FLW), and filled spikelet number per panicle(FSN). Six putative QTL were detected: four on chromosome4(for CL, FLL, FLW, and FSN) and two on chromosome 2(for DTH and FLL). All QTL with the IR66215-44-2-3 allele, except that for FLL on chromosome 2, had positive effects on each trait. To confirm the effects of these putative QTL, we developed NILs with the IR64 genetic background by marker-assisted selection. We observed significant differences in several agronomic traits between IR64 and NILs that carried these QTL on chromosomes2 and 4. Additionally, four IR64-NILs carrying chromosomal segments derived from different NPT varieties on the long arm of chromosome 4 exhibited similar pleiotropiceffects for unique agronomic traits. These NILs can be used as research materials for studying each trait and as breeding materials for yield improvement of indica rice cultivars.

Nutritional and Technological Characteristics of New Cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i>) Lines and Varieties Grown in Eastern Kenya

Protein sources in the diet of people living in semi-arid land of Kenya are lacking and if available it is costly to them. In terms of safe food and a healthy food supply, cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata.) are a significant source of protein, carbohydrates, and minerals especially for poor populations in the Kenya, it is said to be poor man’s meat. The aim of this study was to determine nutritional composition of newly bred ten cowpea lines and five varieties commonly grown in Eastern Kenya of Kitui, Machakos and Makueni counties to understand their potential utilization in curbing rising food and nutrition insecurity in arid and semi-arid lands ASALs and in any other food applications in Kenya. The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) whereby proximate composition and minerals were determined using standard AOAC and AACC methods and technological characteristics checked using modified methods used by other researchers. Collected data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using SAS (2006) version 9.1, mean separation was done using Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) method at 5% level of significance. Cowpeas composition ranged from 12.28% - 13.35% for moisture content, 49.37% - 55.74% for total carbohydrates, 2.99% - 3.34% for crude ash, 0.13% - 0.81% for crude lipids, 23.37% - 29.70% for crude protein and 1.40% - 4.34% for crude fibers. Cowpea samples recorded highest percentage of essential amino acids (60.71%) and non-essential amino acids (39.29%). Minerals ranged from 1.97 - 2.69 mg/100g for calcium, 3.23 - 3.90 mg/100g for magnesium, 205.53 - 223.30 mg/100g for sodium, 0.80 - 1.23 mg/100g for zinc, 1071.15 - 1152.62 mg/100g for potassium and 0.62 - 1.06 mg/100g for phosphorus. For technological properties, lines absorbed water equivalent to their weights and they were comparable to varieties grown in the region. From the results it showed that cowpea line IT97K-1042-3, TEXAN PINKIYE, TX123, IT85F-867-5, IT82D-889-1 and IT82D-889 have desirable attributes such as high crude protein contents, good water absorption capacities and volumetric expansion. They compared well with existing K80 variety. These cowpea lines could possibly be bred and combined into a single cowpea line and further improved by breeders to have other good properties such as higher levels of water absorption during soaking hence reduced cooking times. Therefore, this work has shown that cowpea lines developed can be used as food security crop, industrial food applications and enriching foods of low protein like in complementary foods for healthy food supply in Eastern Kenya.

Effect of Potassium Levels on Growth and Productivity of Potato Varieties

Potato is one of the priority vegetable crops in the highlands of Eritrea growing as a key component in the livelihood systems of farmers. Potato requires a variety of balanced plant mineral nutrients for growth and development without which yield and qualities of tubers are reduced. Potato growers in Eritrea commonly use Di-ammonium Phosphate, Urea and Farmyard manure while potassium fertilizers are overlooked assuming that the soil is developed from K rich parent material and contains sufficient amount of K to support crop growth. However this assumption is based on the result obtained forty-seven years ago. As a result the yield and quality of potato produced is very low as compared with international standards. Therefore the present experiment was conducted to assess the effect of potassium levels on growth and productivity of potato varieties at Hamelmalo Agricultural College, Eritrea. The experiment was conducted in factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with fifteen treatment combinations of three varieties (Ajiba, Zafira and Picasso) and five potassium levels (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg K2O/ha) replicated thrice. The results of the study showed that both variety and potassium had significant effect on growth and yield parameters. Aerial stem number, leaf number per plant and plant height were increased with increasing K levels from 0 to 150 kg while number of days to maturity was increased in the range of 0 - 300 kg K2O/ha. The result also indicated that variety Ajiba treated with 300 kg K2O/ha produced significantly highest tuber weight (1.14 kg) per plant and tuber yield of 49.38 t/ha. The economic analysis result revealed that maximum gross margin 13,665.816 USD/ha was obtained from the application of 300 kg K2O/ha. On the whole, it gives an impression that using potassium fertilizer according to soil requirements will have good influence on growth and tuber yield.

Correlation of Inhibitor Proteinase in Varieties and Lines of Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) to Different Geographic Population of Verticillium dathliae Klebahn

Breeding for wilt resistance and its theoretical basis are primarily responsible for increases in cotton yield and fiber quality. Breeding for immunity is the most efficient method in our struggle with infectious diseases.

Comparison of Physicochemical,Organoleptic and Nutritional Abilities of Eight Sweet Potato(Ipomoea batatas)Varieties

In Martinique (F.W.I.), biodiversity of vegetable varieties remain unexploited due to public unawareness or supply problems. To further enhance the sweet potato, physicochemical, sensory and nutritional characteristics of eight varieties of sweet potato were established. The eight sweet potatoes cultivars were noticeably diverse with phenotypic, sensory, physicochemical and nutritional characteristics which were very varied. The eight cultivars grown in Martinique were advantageously positioned in relation to the globally identified sweet potato, regarding fibre, starch, potassium, copper, vitamin B1, B3 and B9 contents. Compared to the ordinary potato, Martiniquan sweet potatoes have a much better nutritional potential. Energy value and vitamin C levels were twice as much as in normal potatoes. Martiniquan sweet potatoes cultivars were also richer in minerals and vitamins, with 2.7 times more vitamin B9 and 63 times more beta-carotene than the ordinary potato.

Research on the Adaptability of New Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties(Lines) in Ankang Tobacco Growing Area

In order to screen new flue-cured tobacco varieties （lines） with mountain characteristics of Ankang tobacco growing area, the adaptable selection experiments of 6 newly introduced flue-cured tobacco varieties （lines） were carried out at the 2 set test sites in Ankang producing areas with K326, ＇Yunyan 87＇ and ＇Qinyan 96＇ as controls. The results showed that YN105 had more leaves per plant and coordi- nate chemical composition, and the yield per unit area was 2 221.05 kg/hm2 with the single output of 33 960.00 yuan/hm^2. Its rate of high and medium class leaves was 80.17%, presenting good performances in testing varieties （lines）. The flowering of YN99 was late but showed coordinate chemical composition, and the yield per unit area was 2 128.50 kg/hm^2 with the single output of 33 454.05 yuan/hm^2. Its rate of high and medium class leaves was 83.17%, which also had good perfor- mances in testing varieties （lines）. It was recommended that YN105 and YN99 be moderate planted in Ankang tobacco growing area, but further experiment is needed to confirm.

NEW VARIETIES AND LINES

Ⅱ-you 92: a new hybrid rice for late seasonⅡ-you 92 is an indica hybrid rice that was developed by Jinhua Agri Res Inst, Zhejiang Province.Ⅱ-you 92 has a suitable growth duration of 122-125 d as double-cropping late season rice, 3-4 dshorter than that of Shanyou 64 and 6-7 d shorter than Shanyou 10. It has a compact plant type, high tiller-ing ability and plant height of 85-90 cn. A number of 3.4-3.6 million effective panicles per ha can be

NEW VARIETIES AND LINES

Qixiuzhan 3:a new high-yielding, good-quality indica rice varietyBy crossing Qishanzhan with Xinxiu 299, a new variety Qixiuzhan 3 was developed by the Rice Res Inst ofGuangdong Acad of Agri Sci.Being planted in the early season, this variety belongs to mid-late-maturity rice, with the same ma-

Cultivar Mixture Cooperation(CMC)of rice varieties(lines) with different blast resistant gene

We studied Cultivar Mixture Cooperation(CMC)of rice varieties(lines)by screening mixture ofrice varieties which possess different genes,1983-1996.

马铃薯新品种‘牡育薯1号’的选育

‘牡育薯1号’是以‘GP2-12’为母本、‘NS78-17’为父本,通过有性杂交选育而成的鲜食型马铃薯新品种。2022年通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记,登记编号:GPD马铃薯(2022)230011。‘牡育薯1号’生育期77 d,植株半直立,平均株高约68.8 cm,生长势强,茎绿色,叶绿色,花冠浅紫色。天然结实性中等。块茎卵圆形,黄色皮、深黄色肉,芽眼深度中等。平均单株结薯数6.1个,平均单薯重171 g,商品薯率79.70%。干物质含量19.00 g/100 g,淀粉含量13.30 g/100 g,块茎粗蛋白含量2.04 g/100 g,维生素C含量14.20 mg/100 g,还原糖含量1.10%。2年区域试验中,较对照‘克新13号’平均总增产9.16%。中抗晚疫病、中抗马铃薯X病毒(Potato virus X,PVX)和马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)。‘牡育薯1号’适宜在黑龙江省春季种植。

基于主成分和聚类分析7个深绿线椒品种的商品品质和产量评价

【目的】探明深绿线椒品种的商品品质和产量差异,为贵州辣椒产业品种结构调整和优势区域布局提供科学依据。【方法】以7个深绿线椒品种(长辣七号、湘辣17号、卓椒七号、卓椒八号、香辣八号、红冠303、泰丰五号)为研究对象,采用SPSS 26.0进行变异系数分析和主成分分析,Origin 2022进行相关性和聚类分析,对其商品品质与产量进行综合评价。【结果】7个深绿线椒品种的商品品质及产量性状变异系数为6.91%~28.17%,其中,以果形指数变异系数最小,单果鲜重的变异系数最大;单果鲜重与果纵径、鲜椒产量与干物质含量分别呈极显著相关性,果纵径与果横径、单果鲜重与果横径、干椒产量与单株挂果数、单株挂果数与果纵径、单株挂果数与单果鲜重、单果鲜重与干物质含量分别呈显著相关性。基于深绿线椒品种的9个性状,通过主成分分析建立综合表现评价模型,得出品种卓椒七号的综合表现最佳,其产量最高,达2410 kg/667m^(2)。聚类分析将7个线椒品种分为适合鲜加工(长辣七号、红冠303、香辣八号和湘辣17号)、既适合鲜加工又适合干加工(泰丰五号和卓椒八号)及适合绿熟期采收上市(卓椒七号)3类。【结论】7个深绿线椒品种的多样性丰富,单果鲜重、果横径、果纵径、单株挂果数是构成鲜椒产量的主要因素,单株挂果数是构成干椒产量的主要因素;卓椒七号鲜椒产量最高,适合在绿熟期采收上市;卓椒八号果形和果肉厚适中,鲜椒和干椒产量中上,是理想的加工型辣椒品种。

甘薯骨干亲本南瑞苕的利用与研究进展

南瑞苕是从美国引进的优良甘薯品种,也是我国甘薯育种上的骨干种质材料,具有显著的经济效益。收集、整理有关南瑞苕的研究报道和数据,综述南瑞苕的种质研究与引种表现、其后代及衍生品种选育、分子标记及遗传多样性分析、遗传转化等育种利用,组织培养与脱毒技术、块根的发育、代谢及产量、抗氧化特性等栽培生理,茎蔓顶部越冬做种技术、压蔓平栽、施肥与栽插等栽培技术,线虫、黑斑病、病毒病、干旱抗逆性等方面的研究进展;从南瑞苕优良基因的发掘和利用、南瑞苕产量和品质的形成机理和调控因素等方面展望其研究方向。

不同加工型马铃薯块茎中淀粉含量及其理化特性差异分析

马铃薯淀粉是重要工业原料,因其优异的理化特性在原料市场需求量稳定。为探究不同马铃薯品种淀粉理化特性差异,以6个马铃薯品种为研究对象,比较淀粉含量及理化特性,结合其在生育期和贮藏期的动态变化进行综合评价。结果表明,不同马铃薯品种淀粉理化特性在基因型间存在显著差异。生育期间淀粉含量整体呈升高趋势;直链淀粉含量呈阶梯式下降趋势;透明度呈逐步下降趋势;冻融稳定性在苗后70 d最佳。贮藏期间淀粉含量和淀粉析水率主要受贮藏温度影响;直链淀粉含量和淀粉透明度受贮藏温度和贮藏时间的共同调控;淀粉粒径分布因品种而异。通过主成分分析得出,生育期综合表现较好的是延薯5号和东农317,贮藏期综合得分较高的是东农317和克新27。

Evaluation and screening for resistance of some varieties(lines)to major diseases and insect pests of rice

During 1984-1988,2,231 varieties(lines)from International Rice Testing Program(IRTP)were evaluated and screened for resistance to riceblast(Bl),bacterial blight(BB),sheath blight

马铃薯新品种比较试验

为了筛选出适宜克拜地区大面积推广种植的马铃薯新品种,本研究对黑龙江省农业科学院克山分院自育的6个马铃薯品种进行产量、品质的筛选和鉴定试验。结果表明,有3个品种综合性状良好,其中,高淀粉品种克202032-37,块茎圆形,淡黄皮白肉,淀粉含量18.5 g/100 g,产量31 187.50 kg/hm^(2),比对照增产3.96%;中晚熟品种克202045-14,块茎椭圆形,白皮白肉,淀粉含量15.9 g/100 g,产量41 375.00 kg/hm^(2),比对照增产37.92%;中熟品种克202042-2,块茎圆形,白皮白肉,淀粉含量15.7 g/100 g,产量42 820.51 kg/hm^(2),比对照增产42.74%。这3份材料可作为优质品种继续鉴定筛选,为该地区马铃薯高产优质生产提供参考。

中国樱桃不同品种(优系)果实品质分析

对中国樱桃果实品质进行分析,有利于选育适合区域发展的樱桃品种,为中国樱桃种质资源的保护奠定理论基础。本研究结合主成分分析、相关性分析和聚类分析,选取相同栽培条件下30个不同品种(优系)的中国樱桃果实进行内、外品质分析。结果表明:在相同的栽培条件下,不同品种(优系)的中国樱桃果实品质存在显著差异,综合性状评价得分排名依次为C78、C6、C14、C34和C32,C20(贵州玛瑙红)这一品种在各地栽培均表现优异,本次综合评价排名为11。9个果实内在品质指标存在不同程度的变异,变异系数为11.27%~36.32%。果实品质指标间存在相关系数,其中12项在0.01水平下极显著相关,17项在0.05水平下显著相关。主成分分析结果显示,前7个主成分的累计贡献率为88.196%,能够反映数量性状的基本特征。欧氏聚类分析结果显示,30个不同的中国樱桃品种(优系)初步聚为4大类。该研究得到的果实品质分析结果可以初步探索中国樱桃资源的遗传变异图谱,同时也可以作为新品种选育的参考依据。

早熟彩色马铃薯新品种石薯7号的选育

石薯7号由HZ09-6作母本、WN07-5作父本杂交选育而成。该品种属早熟彩色品种,河北二季作区春季地膜覆盖种植从出苗到成熟65 d左右,植株直立。薯块短卵圆形,红皮红肉,薯皮光滑,芽眼中等;单株结薯数7个,结薯集中,匍匐茎极短,单株块茎质量0.48 kg。中抗晚疫病、早疫病。2019—2020年区域试验平均667 m2产量2077.39 kg,商品薯率82.7%。品质佳,干物质含量(w,后同)19.6 g·100 g^(-1),淀粉含量16.8 g·100 g^(-1),蛋白质含量2.24 g·100 g^(-1),鲜薯维生素C含量15.9 mg·100 g^(-1),还原糖含量0.18 g·100 g^(-1),粗纤维含量0.35 g·100 g^(-1),肉质细腻。适宜在河北省二季作区春播种植。2022年通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。

菜用甘薯品种评价及营养品质分析

本研究对25个菜用甘薯品种进行茎尖表型性状描述、食味以及营养品质评价,并对产量进行比较。结果表明:福菜薯18号、万菜薯5号、湘菜薯2号、鄂菜薯2号、湘菜薯4号、宁菜薯3号、川菜薯211、鄂菜薯3号、福菜薯23、薯绿1号食用品质综合表现与对照福薯7-6相当。隶属函数法评价结果表明,叶片营养品质综合排名前十的依次为福菜薯23、福菜薯18号、万菜薯7号、湘菜薯4号、台农71、万菜薯5号、鄂菜薯2号、湘菜薯3号、宁菜薯4号、鄂菜薯10号;叶柄营养品质综合排名前十的依次为鄂菜薯2号、万菜薯5号、台农71、万菜薯1号、广菜薯3号、福菜薯22、宁菜薯4号、湘菜薯4号、湘菜薯3号、宁菜薯1号;茎营养品质综合排名前十的依次为万菜薯19号、湘菜薯4号、万菜薯8号、鄂菜薯10号、台农71、宁菜薯1号、福菜薯22、川菜薯211、万菜薯5号、福菜薯18号。参试品种中,湘菜薯4号和川菜薯211的茎叶产量显著低于对照品种福薯7-6,其余品种均高于对照或与对照相当。生产上可根据菜用甘薯的营养品质和产量特性进行开发利用及配套栽培技术管理。

马铃薯块茎低温糖化研究进展及展望

为减少马铃薯采收后病虫害、块茎萌发等造成的损失,通常将马铃薯置于2~5℃低温环境贮存,但随马铃薯块茎贮存时间推移,葡萄糖、果糖等还原糖积累过多,发生“低温糖化”(Cold-induced sweetening,CIS)。过高含量的还原糖与游离氨基酸在高温油炸过程中发生化学反应,产生褐色、味苦的物质,严重影响马铃薯加工质量。因此,控制马铃薯低温糖化是马铃薯加工产业链高效运转的关键。综述总结前人研究进展,从低温条件下淀粉-糖代谢响应和马铃薯块茎微观结构变化两个方面,解释低温糖化现象成因,概括马铃薯品种、贮藏条件、植物激素因素对低温糖化的影响,并从分子育种和外源施加植物激素两个方面对调控马铃薯低温糖化提出建议及展望。