Mapping QTL underlying tuber starch content and plant maturity in tetraploid potato

Tuber starch content and plant maturity are two important agronomic traits of potato. To investigate the complex genetic basis of these traits in the cultivated potato, as well as the relationship between them, we developed a linkage map in a tetraploid population of 192 clones derived from the cross Longshu 8 × Zaodabai and mapped quantitative trait loci(QTL) for tuber starch content and plant maturity using data collected in three diverse environments over two years. We detected eleven QTL for tuber starch content distributed on seven chromosomes, of which four, on chromosomes I, II, and VIII, were expressed in at least three environments. For plant maturity, we identified six QTL on chromosomes II, IV,V, VII, and XI, one of which, on chromosome V, showed LOD peaks ranging from 45.2 to 62.5 cM and explained 21.6%–26.6% of phenotypic variation was expressed in five of the six environments. Because the reproducible QTL for plant maturity and tuber starch content mapped to different chromosomes and neither overlapping QTL, nor any genetic interaction between QTL were detected, we infer that tuber starch content and plant maturity are controlled by independent genetic loci. This inference supports the prospect of breeding potato for both early maturity and high starch content.

Effects of RNAi Silencing of SSIII Gene on Phosphorus Content and Characteristics of Starch in Potato Tubers

The sense and antisense fragments of the soluble starch synthase （SSII1） gene and the intron fragment of somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase （SERK1） gene were cloned from potato using PCR techniques. The RNAi plant expression vectors pBI-SSIII-RNAi and pBIC-SSIII-RNAi were constructed which containing fusion fragment of ＂sense fragment-intron-antisense fragment＂ driven by the constitutive expression promoter CaMV 35S and the tuber-specific expression promoter CIPP, respectively. The putative transgenic plants of potato cultivars Kexin-1 and Kexin-4 were obtained using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. PCR assay showed that the interference fragment of SSlll gene was integrated into potato genome. The RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of SSlll gene was repressed apparently on the transcription level. Starch granules of the transgenic potato plants were different in morphology and became cracked in starch granule centre compared with the non-transgenic control plants. The amylose content of starch was increased by 2.68-29.05%, amylopectin to amylose ratio of starch had declined significantly, and the phosphorus content of the starch of the transgenic plants was reduced 9.94-58.36% compared with control plants. The results could provide certain foundation for improvement of potato starch quality.

Effects of Bacterial Manure from Cassava Alcohol Fermentation Mash on Yield and Starch Content of Cassava

In order to provide a scientific basis for the utilization of cassava alcohol fermentation mash and the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of cassava,compound microbial inoculum was inoculated into the cassava alcohol fermentation mash to prepare bacterial manure,which was then applied to two cassava varieties,Nanzhi 199 and SC 205 to explore the optimum application amount,application method and application concentration. The results showed that when the inoculation amount of the compound microbial inoculum was 2‰ of the mass of the mash,the requirements of industrial production of liquid bacterial manure and agricultural application can be met,saving costs. After the emergence of cassava seedlings,if they were drenched with the bacterial manure of cassava alcohol fermentation mash through roots once according to the amount of 67. 5 t/ha and irrigated with the bacterial manure once every 15 d under drought conditions,both the yield and quality of cassava can be improved significantly. The yield and starch content of Nanzhi 199 reached 26 196. 23 kg/ha and 30. 32%,36. 57% and4. 75 percentage points higher than those of CK. The yield and starch content of SC 205 reached 41 126. 06 kg/ha and 23. 74%,99. 25% and3. 19 percentage points higher than those of CK. Under the application modes of foliar spray,root irrigation and foliar spray + root irrigation,the fertilization effect was more obvious. When undiluted bacterial manure of cassava alcohol fermentation mash was applied according to the amount of 52. 5 t/( ha·time),the fertilization effect of the application mode of foliar spray + root irrigation was the best. The bacterial manure from cassava alcohol fermentation mash can be directly applied without dilution,and the fertilizer efficiency will be reduced significantly after dilution.

紫外辐照及甲基磺酸乙酯诱变对马铃薯早熟品种淀粉含量和产量性状的影响

针对黑龙江省现有马铃薯早熟品种淀粉含量较低的问题,通过紫外辐照和甲基磺酸乙酯浸泡2种方式,对东农303和中龙薯1号的组培苗进行处理,经过3 a的种植、调查和数据采集,确定诱变方式对不同品种马铃薯变异程度和诱变方向的影响,以改良获得早熟且高淀粉含量的马铃薯品种。结果表明,诱变后,整体变化表现为无变化>抑制>促进,其中东农303更易发生变异,紫外辐照的诱变效果更佳。在组培苗阶段,多数处理显示为抑制作用;在原原种阶段,紫外辐照有利于东农303产量的提升和中龙薯1号淀粉含量的增加;在原种阶段,甲基磺酸乙酯浸泡对东农303的商品性有提升作用,而2种诱变方式对中龙薯1号的产量和结薯数量均有明显抑制作用,紫外辐照的影响更为显著。在紫外辐照处理中,2个品种均发现了1个淀粉含量明显提升的单株,2个单株的发现将有利于黑龙江省不同熟期品种的搭配种植,减少完全依赖晚熟品种所带来的种植风险,并可有效提升产业效益。

高光效甘薯品种浙薯86的选育、产量与品质特征

塑造理想株型是实现作物产量突破和高光效育种的基础和重要途径。采用半直立、优质双亲——淀粉型品种浙薯20和食用型地方品种岳冬进行杂交选育,以理想株型、高产、优质为主要选择目标,育成高光效品种浙薯86。该品种具有理想株型的形态特征,短蔓,基部分枝数多,由较多的直立次生分枝构成半直立株型,垄上株高优势明显,形成较高的冠层空间,叶面积指数高,七裂中等深缺刻叶形,叶片较小而厚,上部叶茎叶夹角小,叶势上冲明显,单株结薯数较多,光合效率和经济系数高,表现出优良的早熟性和丰产性。在浙江省和长江中下游甘薯品种区试中,浙薯86每年的鲜薯产量均居所有参试品种之首,鲜薯、薯干和淀粉产量均比对照徐薯22增产30%左右。浙薯86的块根β-淀粉酶活性高,蒸熟后麦芽糖和可溶性糖含量高,食味优,淀粉率较高,且淀粉的峰值黏度、崩解值和回生值高,糊化温度低,适合用于鲜食、薯脯和淀粉加工。浙薯86适应性广,抗蔓割病,中抗黑斑病、根腐病、Ⅱ型薯瘟病,感茎线虫病、Ⅰ型薯瘟病和基腐病。综上,浙薯86是一个优质、高产、多用途的高光效甘薯品种,适宜在长江中下游地区种植,不宜在浙东南基腐病重疫区推广。

9个不同使用类型木薯品系在合浦县的适应性研究

为筛选适宜在合浦县推广的木薯品系,本研究以主栽品种‘南植199’为对照,对9个木薯新品系的生物学特性进行了观察,并测定其农艺性状和经济性状,同时进行相关性分析。结果表明,9个品系分枝角度小、块根长度适中和主茎高度中等以上;‘RC4’的块根产量显著高于对照,其余8个品系与对照差异不显著;‘RC4’等8个品系的淀粉产量高于对照;9个品系的淀粉含量高于对照,其中‘RC3’等5个品系的淀粉含量显著或极显著高于对照;9个木薯品系的直链淀粉含量显著或极显著低于对照‘;RC6’等6个品系的氢氰酸含量低于50 mg/kg。相关性分析结果表明:块根产量与生长中期株高、成熟期株高、块根直径呈极显著正相关,与茎粗呈显著正相关;淀粉含量与生长中期株高、成熟期株高、茎粗呈显著正相关;淀粉产量与生长中期株高、成熟期株高、茎粗、块根直径、块根产量呈极显著正相关,与淀粉含量呈显著正相关。综合来看,这9个木薯新品系的综合表现良好,适合在合浦县进行推广。其中‘,RC3’、‘RC4’和‘RC7’可作为加工型品系;‘RC5’和‘RC10’可作为食用品系;‘RC2’、‘RC6’、‘RC11’和‘RC12’可作为鲜食加工兼用品系;‘RC2’和‘RC5’作为食用品系具有很好的推广前景。

中高温大曲发酵中小麦籽粒营养组分的动态变化分析

该研究利用离子色谱和高效液相色谱等方法,研究了中高温大曲不同发酵时期小麦营养成分的变化及其与微生物群落演替间关系。结果表明,曲皮和曲心分别消耗了直链淀粉含量的39.08%和49.12%,支链淀粉含量的84.43%和81.35%,A型淀粉粒的6.41%和26.92%,B型淀粉粒的66.67%和83.33%。麦谷蛋白含量从8 mg/g降为4.73 mg/g(曲皮)和3.53 mg/g(曲心)。黄酮含量从0.08 mg/g增加到0.12 mg/g(曲皮)和0.29 mg/g(曲心)。纤维素含量总体呈下降趋势,但曲心后期有平缓上升;阿拉伯糖和蔗糖含量增加,葡萄糖含量降低。曲心游离氨基酸含量增加幅度高于曲皮,其中谷氨酸含量最高。冗余分析表明18个品质指标与9个细菌属和11个真菌属的相对丰度显著相关(P<0.05),其中直链淀粉含量与叶杆菌属(Phyllobacterium),葡萄糖、果糖、支链淀粉含量与醋酸单胞菌属(Acetobacter)、双杆菌属(Undibacterium)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)均显著正相关。因此,具有高支链淀粉和高葡萄糖含量的小麦品种可能更适用于制曲。该研究结果为探究大曲质量控制、小麦品质与大曲品质间关系,以及选育专用型原料(小麦)品种提供参考。

不同微生物菌剂浸种对马铃薯生长发育及薯田土壤养分的影响

【目的】探究不同微生物菌剂浸种对马铃薯生长发育及薯田土壤养分的影响,为内蒙古自治区马铃薯绿色、可持续种植提供参考。【方法】以马铃薯品种V7为试验材料,分别采用蒸馏水(CK)、Bacillus sp.188菌剂(T1)、Pseudomonas sp.BP16菌剂(T2)和Streptomyces rochei D74菌剂(T3)浸种30 min,测定马铃薯种植后不同生长时期产量、块茎淀粉含量、各器官干物质量、单株养分积累量,叶片叶绿素含量、硝酸还原酶活性以及土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷和速效钾含量。【结果】马铃薯种植后110 d,与CK相比,T2、T3处理马铃薯产量显著提高7.14%、9.16%(P<0.05),块茎淀粉含量显著提高11.84%、16.38%(P<0.05);T3处理马铃薯根、茎、叶、块茎干物质量显著增加26.87%、16.92%、11.77%、13.59%(P<0.05),氮素、磷素、钾素积累量显著提高28.86%、32.78%、30.81%(P<0.05)。种植后70 d,T3处理马铃薯叶片叶绿素含量最高[4.29 mg/(g·FW)],叶片硝酸还原酶活性较CK显著提高15.29%(P<0.05)。马铃薯种植后50 d,T3处理土壤硝态氮含量达到最大值(42.32 mg/kg),速效磷含量较CK显著提高26.17%,(P<0.05),T1、T3处理速效钾含量分别较CK显著提高24.95%、21.65%(P<0.05);种植后70 d,T2处理土壤铵态氮含量较CK显著提高47.03%(P<0.05)。【结论】Streptomyces rochei D74菌剂浸种可提高成熟期马铃薯产量、块茎淀粉含量、各器官干物质量和植株氮素、磷素、钾素积累量以及块茎形成期叶片叶绿素含量,生育前期土壤硝态氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,块茎形成期土壤铵态氮含量,可作为内蒙古自治区马铃薯栽培较适宜施入的微生物菌剂。

木薯新品种桂薯1289的选育与抗螨性研究

为选育株型好、高产、高淀粉、广适性等综合性状优良的木薯新品种,本研究以华南5号(SC5)为母本,华南205(SC205)为父本,通过系统选育程序,育成优良木薯新品种桂薯1289(Gui 1289)。该品种区域性试验的平均鲜薯产量为49.92 t/hm^(-2),比对照南植199(NZ 199)增产24.21%。生产性试验的平均鲜薯产量为50.76 t/hm^(-2),比对照增产21.26%,鲜薯产量表现突出。区域性试验的平均淀粉含量为30.22 g/100 g,比对照增加5.42 g/100 g。生产性试验的平均淀粉含量为29.96 g/100 g,比对照增加5.57 g/100 g。抗螨性田间鉴定结果为中抗。适宜在广西、广东、海南、江西等省(区)木薯种植区推广。本研究为我国实现木薯良种化生产提供新的种质资源,对促进薯农增收、企业增效具有重要意义。

不同马铃薯品种产量和淀粉含量对比研究

优良品种的更新换代可保障国家粮食安全。开展新品种比较试验,筛选适宜呼伦贝尔市马铃薯新品种,对该地区马铃薯产业发展具有重要意义。2022—2023年以‘克新13号’作对照,调查11个马铃薯品种的物候期和块茎性状,对其产量和淀粉含量的表现及其稳定性进行鉴定和评价。‘龙薯22号’‘北方002’和‘北方001’平均产量较高,分别为3602、3470和3291 kg/667m^(2),显著高于‘克新13号’,稳定性较好,可作为鲜食品种在呼伦贝尔市推广。‘中薯早39’淀粉含量最高(19.09%)且稳定性好,显著高于‘克新13号’,产量高于‘克新13号’,但差异不显著,稳定性一般,可作为早熟高淀粉品种在呼伦贝尔市推广,但应配套相应栽培技术,保证该品种产量。

Comparative analysis on grain quality and yield of different panicle weight indica-japonica hybrid rice(Oryza sativa L.) cultivars

Indica-japonica hybrid rice(Oryza sativa L.) cultivars showed high yield potential and poor tasting quality when compared with common japonica rice cultivars. Large panicle is a prominent factor of high yield for indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars, and the panicle weight varies greatly among different indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars. It is important to research on yield and grain quality of different panicle weight indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars. In this study, two different panicle types indica-japonica hybrid cultivars were used to research on the relation of yield and grain quality. The yields of two heavy panicle weights indica-japonica hybrid cultivars were significantly higher than that of two medium panicle weight rice cultivars. The cooking and eating quality and starch properties of different panicle type cultivars were evaluated. Yongyou 6715(medium panicle) and Yongyou 1852(heavy panicle) got the relatively higher cooking and eating quality. Rice cultivars with medium panicle weight had more large starch granules and higher relative crystallinity than cultivars with heavy panicle weight. Transition temperature and retrogradation enthalpy(ΔHret) of medium panicle type cultivars were significantly higher than that of heavy panicle type cultivars. There was no significant difference in amylose content among different panicle type cultivars. Protein content of heavy panicle type cultivar was higher than that of medium panicle type cultivar, and protein content is the main factor affect cooking and eating quality in this study. The cultivar Yongyou 6715 got the highest taste value with the lowest protein content. Thus, it is suggested that the emphasis on improving rice cooking and eating quality of indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars is how to reduce the protein content in rice grain. According to the results of this study, medium panicle type with high grain weight is the desired panicle type for high quality indica-japonica hybrid rice breeding.

Comparison of grain yield and quality of different types of japonica rice cultivars in the northern Jiangsu plain,China

In recent years,an increasing number of different types of japonica rice cultivars have been released in the southern rice region of China.The grain yield and quality of these new cultivars showed significant differences in large scale planting.However,the causes of the differences remain little known.Therefore,three typical types of japonica rice cultivars were used in this study to investigate their grain yield and quality.A scanning calorimeter(DSC),X-ray powder diffractometer(XRD),rapid viscosity analyzer(RVA)and taste analyzer were used to evaluate the cooking and eating properties.The results showed that the yield of non-soft hybrid japonica rice cultivars was significantly higher than that of non-soft inbred japonica rice cultivars and soft inbred japonica rice cultivars.Soft inbred japonica rice cultivars had a low amylose content and moderate protein content,which are the main reasons for the superior cooking and eating quality.In addition,the relative crystallinity of soft inbred japonica rice cultivars was significantly higher than that of non-soft inbred and non-soft hybrid japonica rice cultivars,which is considered the major factor resulting in higher transition temperature and gelatinization enthalpy(ΔH_(gel)).Non-soft hybrid japonica rice cultivars had a higher number of large starch granules than soft inbred and non-soft inbred japonica rice cultivars.The setback value(SB)and breakdown value(BD),indirectly reflecting the cooking and eating quality of the three types of japonica rice cultivars,also confirmed that soft inbred japonica rice cultivars with a low SB value and a high BD value had better palatability than the other two types.This study provides guidance for future plantation of different types of japonica rice cultivars in large rice-producing areas.

高产高淀粉早熟木薯新品种桂热13号的选育

木薯桂热13号(GR13)以高产品种新选048(XX048)为母本,高粉品种南植199(NZ199)为父本,采用开花调控技术诱导亲本开花,并通过嫁接预测杂种优势的方法获得杂交F1代,经优良单株评选、单排试验、各级品比试验、区域试验和生产性试验,鉴定、评价、筛选等选育而成。GR13平均鲜薯产量47.06 t/hm^(2)、淀粉含量32.0%,分别比对照NZ199和华南205(SC205)增产22.93%、21.48%,淀粉分别提高3.74、5.30个百分点;薯块干物质率45.2%,比对照高4.7、7.5个百分点;鲜薯平均氢氰酸含量25.7 mg/kg,均低于对照;粗纤维0.73%,与SC205相当;维生素C42.87mg/hg、蛋白质0.57g/hg、总糖3%、可溶性糖1.1%,均与NZ199相当;GR13抗螨性田间鉴定结果为中抗,在植后180 d淀粉含量稳定在27.0%以上,说明其早熟、高产、高淀粉、氢氰酸含量低、适应性广,是早熟丰产稳产性好的鲜食及加工兼用型优良品种,具有耐旱耐寒和较抗螨、不易落叶等特点,适合在广西、江西和云南等木薯主产区推广种植。

优质高产淀粉型甘薯徐薯37选育及性状鉴定

徐薯37以多抗高淀粉甘薯品种豫薯13为母本,通过集团杂交,经多年多点鉴定选育而成.该品种参加2017、2018年江苏省甘薯品种联合鉴定试验,2年平均鲜薯产量和薯干产量分别达31.51、9.79 t/hm^(2),较对照苏渝303增产15.02%和36.16%.品质分析结果表明,徐薯37干基葡萄糖、蔗糖、果糖、麦芽糖、可溶性糖质量分数分别为(20.02±1.02)、(156.24±5.26)、(20.37±1.05)、(12.33±0.82)、(208.97±7.42)μg/mg,食味较好;干基淀粉和直链淀粉质量分数分别为(65.01±0.59)%和(20.98±0.21)%,淀粉峰值黏度、低谷黏度和终值黏度分别为(570.00±1.00)、(214.67±5.69)、(200.98±1.53)mPa·s,糊化温度为(78.87±0.35)℃.徐薯37抗茎线虫病,中抗黑斑病,感根腐病.该品种于2020年获非主要农作物品种登记,证书编号为GPD甘薯(2020)320001,2021年获植物新品种权,证书编号为CNA20191000334.

淀粉加工型马铃薯新品种应发薯1号选育报告

为了给生产上提供适宜白银高扬程灌区和高寒二阴地区栽培的加工专用马铃薯新品种,以引进的资源材料9501-59为母本、9333-1为父本配制杂交组合,采用系统选育法,成功选育出了淀粉加工型马铃薯新品种应发薯1号。2017—2018年在会宁、榆中、古浪、西吉、定西5个试点进行的马铃薯新品种多点试验中,2 a 10点(次)平均折合产量49448 kg/hm^(2),较统一对照品种陇薯6号增产23.14%,增产差异显著。该品种晚熟,生育期111 d,株型直立,株高63 cm。叶片绿色,花冠白色。结薯集中,单株平均结薯4.6个,商品薯率86.0%。块茎椭圆形,薯皮薯肉白色,芽眼浅,薯皮略粗。块茎干物质含量240.0 g/kg,粗淀粉含量180.6 g/kg,蛋白质含量21.9 g/kg,Vc含量81.4 mg/kg,还原糖含量2.0 g/kg。植株田间抗晚疫病和花叶病毒病,适宜在甘肃白银、定西、兰州等高寒冷凉二阴地区及半干旱山区种植。

克拜地区高淀粉马铃薯新品系筛选

为筛选出淀粉含量高、产量高的马铃薯加工专用品种,以克新23和克新13为对照,对18份黑龙江省农业科学院克山分院自育的马铃薯品系进行了产量、品质、农艺性状方面的综合评价。结果表明,18份材料中筛选出5份高淀粉材料,分别为克202027-2、克202008-2、克202040-23、克202040-37和克202045-5,这些品系淀粉含量均超过18 g·(100 g)^(-1),农艺性状表现优良,增产幅度为4.20%~25.02%。其中克202027-2生育期79 d,圆形,白肉,淀粉含量20.4 g·(100 g)^(-1),产量3140.46 kg·(667 m^(2))^(-1),商品薯率91.59%,淀粉总产出586.98 kg·(667 m^(2))^(-1);克202040-23生育期83 d,椭圆形,淡黄肉,淀粉含量20.3 g·(100 g)_(-1),产量4384.91 kg·(667 m^(2))^(-1),商品薯率92.61%,淀粉总产出824.20 kg·(667 m^(2))^(-1)。剩余13份材料淀粉含量和产量方面并未达到要求,后续试验中进行淘汰处理。

基于高光谱成像技术的薯麦混合粉淀粉含量检测

为快速无损检测薯麦混合粉中的淀粉含量,在近红外(900~2500 nm)的光谱范围采集样品的高光谱图像,通过对比原始光谱和七种不同预处理后的光谱数据建立偏最小二乘回归(PLSR),支持向量机回归(SVMR)模型效果,确定多元散射校正法(MSC)为最佳预处理方法。采用竞争性自适应加权法(CARS)和连续投影算法(SPA)提取特征波长,建立PLSR和多元线性回归(MLR)模型,结果表明SPA显著的降低了模型的复杂度,SPA-MLR模型检测集的决定系数(R_(P)^(2))为0.9181,检测集的均方根误差为0.4214%。

早熟马铃薯品种淀粉含量和淀粉产量的表现及其稳定性

马铃薯淀粉具有其他淀粉所没有的一些优良特性,在食品、饲料、化工、胶粘剂、造纸、纺织、可生物降解材料等领域应用广泛。高产高淀粉马铃薯品种可使农民增收,企业增效。然而,目前生产上尚缺乏高产高淀粉品种,特别是早熟品种。为鉴定筛选适合淀粉加工的早熟马铃薯品种。2021和2022年,采用随机区组设计,4次重复,在黑龙江省克山农场以‘尤佳70’为对照,评价7个早熟马铃薯品种(‘东农312’‘龙薯3号’‘中薯早35’‘中薯早39’‘中薯早43’‘中薯早44’和‘中薯早45’)的块茎产量、淀粉含量和淀粉产量表现及其稳定性。‘中薯早39’块茎产量、淀粉含量和淀粉产量稳定性表现中等,块茎产量46643 kg/hm^(2),略高于供试8个品种的平均值43676 kg/hm^(2),但显著高于对照品种‘尤佳70’块茎产量;淀粉含量18.68%,在供试的8个品种中最高,使得其淀粉产量在供试的8个品种中最高,达8699 kg/hm^(2),与其他品种(包括对照‘尤佳70’)相比差异均显著。‘中薯早39’总体表现优良,可以作为早熟淀粉加工型品种大面积试种。

马铃薯淀粉含量和淀粉产量的品种×年份互作以及稳定性分析

马铃薯适应性强、产量高,块茎富含淀粉,其淀粉品质优于其他作物。马铃薯淀粉加工需要品种产量高、淀粉含量高,且在年际间表现稳定。以垦区主栽品种‘延薯4号’为对照,评价6个马铃薯品种的块茎产量、淀粉含量、淀粉产量及其稳定性,以期筛选出适用于当地马铃薯淀粉加工的品种。试验于2019~2021年在克山农场进行,采用随机区组设计,4次重复。块茎产量、淀粉含量、淀粉产量品种×年份互作效应显著,所以需要进行品种稳定性分析。‘北薯2号’淀粉含量21.77%,淀粉产量11304 kg/hm^(2),均显著高于对照品种‘延薯4号’,且年际间表现稳定,表现出淀粉加工品种的潜力。‘东农321’淀粉含量14.82%,稳定性中等,块茎产量较高,为53170 kg/hm^(2),稳定性好,由于块茎产量较高,所以淀粉产量较高且表现稳定,可作鲜食和淀粉加工兼用型品种试种。研究结果可为马铃薯淀粉加工企业品种选择提供依据。

阴山北麓农牧交错带马铃薯脱毒种薯品种比较试验

为筛选出适宜于阴山北麓农牧交错带全国马铃薯种薯主要生产基地的品种,促进产业发展,将持证种薯企业30个马铃薯品种的原种进行比较试验。结果表明,马铃薯不同品种间的产量、商品薯率、单株平均结薯个数、单株不同重量平均结薯个数、淀粉含量和干物质含量均达极显著差异。30个品种的产量为21~70 t/hm^(2)、商品薯率为23.4%~94.6%、单株结薯个数为3.3~13.3个、干物质含量为15.5%~28.0%、淀粉含量为9.8%~22.3%。最高产量在60 t/hm^(2)及以上有4个,分别为冀张薯12号、中加16号、民丰12号和中加7号;最低产量在25 t/hm^(2)及以下有2个,分别为中薯早43和东农310,其余在45~60 t/hm^(2)有20个,在30~45 t/hm^(2)有4个。商品薯率较高的为京张薯1号、冀张薯12号和京张薯3号,平均为93.3%;商品薯率最低的是东农310,为23.4%。单株结薯总个数最高的是华颂58,平均为13.3个;较低的品种有5个,分别为后旗红、青薯9号、京张薯1号、中薯早43号和晋薯16号,平均为3.9个;150 g以上结薯个数东农310最低,为0.2个。干物质含量最高的是中加11,为28.1%;较低的是中加2号、中加7号和华颂香早,平均含量为15.9%。淀粉含量经聚类分析,分为高、中和低淀粉品种3种类型,东农310和中加11为高淀粉品种,平均含量为21.28%。