基于PCI的“中国生态旅游机会图谱”适用性评价

针对"中国生态旅游机会图谱(CECOS)"这个自然景区旅游资源规划创新工具进行适用性检测。研究面向具有旅游规划经验的群体设计问卷,分析样本为79人。研究采用潜在冲突指标方法(PCI)对CECOS的56个项目基本设定进行了计算和处理,分别横向比较了CECOS的14个类别和纵向比较了4种生态旅游形式之间的PCI值差别。结果表明:①54个项目的设定得到业界的广泛认可,仅有2项设定需要更改;②HCET/MCET/LCET的设定得到业界的高度的一致的认可,而MNT的设定存在着一定的两极分化的意见,但持中间态度的人也较多。因此,CECOS具备在旅游规划业界推广的价值和基础。

自然保护地环境教育的组成要素

环境教育作为自然保护地的主体功能之一,其管理措施、教育内容、教育手段等要素的规范化是确保我国自然保护地环境教育过程获得最佳秩序的前提。本研究设计基础管理、人员配置、教育手段、设施体系4类共58项自然保护地环境教育要素,向环境教育专家群体发放调查问卷并通过潜在冲突指标法(PCI)处理问卷结果,比较4类要素的PCI值和平均同意度。研究结果表明:1)4类要素中共有51项要素得到了业界的普遍认可,仅有1项需要修改,在自然保护地环境教育发展中具有参考和借鉴的意义;2)基础管理要素平均同意度最高,是自然保护地环境教育的核心组成要素,其次是设施体系、人员配置和教育手段要素,是自然保护地环境教育工作中不可或缺的组成部分;3)应从规章制度、工作计划、资金与政策保障、安全监督与培训等管理要素,讲解员、专家、合作机构等人员要素,多种类型的教育手段和完善的教育设施出发,加强自然保护地环境教育建设。最后根据研究结论给出加快环境教育标准化建设、将环境教育与互联网和科技结合等建议。

基于因子分析和聚类分析的公众雾霾敏感度差异研究——以西安市为例

为研究公众的雾霾敏感度,以西安市13个区为案例地,运用因子分析法对公众的敏感度进行降维,引入潜在冲突指数(PCI)分析公众雾霾敏感度各维度的内部差异,并对公众进行分类。结果表明:(1)公众的雾霾敏感度可分为5个维度,分别是防护行为、降霾行为、雾霾关注度、生活影响感知和健康影响感知;(2)公众在防护行为、降霾行为、生活影响感知和健康影响感知方面意见一致,且敏感度较高;在雾霾关注度方面,公众之间的分歧较大,雾霾关注度小的公众敏感度较低;(3)基于以上5个维度,将公众分为防护敏感群体、关注度敏感群体、健康敏感群体和环保敏感群体。

Seed and Wasp Production in the Mutualism of Figs and Fig Wasps

Figs (Moracea: Ficus) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chlocloids: Agaonideae) depend on each other to complete their reproduction. Monoecious fig species and their pollinating wasps are in conflict over the use of fig ovaries which can either produce one seed or one wasp. From observation on Ficus virens Ait., we showed that female flowers with outer layer of ovaries (near to the wall of syconium) had no significant difference from that with inner and interval layer of ovaries (near to the syconium cavity), in which most seeds and wasps were produced. This meant that fig tree provided the same potential resource for seed and wasps production. Observation indicated that there was usually only one foundress in syconium at female flower phase and no com- petition pollinators. Measurement of the style length of female flowers and the ovipositor of pollinators indicated that most ovaries could be reached by pollinator’s ovipositor. However, at the male flower phase, production of seeds was significantly more than that of wasps including non-pollinating wasps but there was no significant difference between seed and pollinating wasp production when without non-pollinating wasps produced. This result indicated that non-pollinating wasps competed ovaries not with seeds but with pollinating wasps for ovipositing. Bagged experiment showed that the sampling fig species was not self-sterile which was important for figs and wasps to survive bad season. Seed production in self-pollinated figs was not significantly different from total wasps in- cluding non-pollinating ones. This might be related with the weaker competition among wasps since bagged figs were not easy to reach by wasps from outside.

恩施州旅游扶贫村居民的旅游影响感知差异

精准扶贫背景下,旅游扶贫地居民对旅游发展的影响感知反映了旅游扶贫政策实施的实际效应,其内部差异、类型值得深入研究。基于从恩施州22个旅游扶贫村收集的问卷调查数据,引入潜在冲突指数(Potential Conflict Index,PCI),运用主成分分析、聚类分析方法,分析旅游扶贫村居民影响感知的维度、水平和内部差异,并对其分类。研究结果表明:(1)恩施州旅游扶贫村居民认可旅游发展带来的环境-社会效益、扶贫效益和素质提升作用,但认可度普遍不高,认为旅游发展没有带来环境、社会和经济成本;(2)居民对旅游发展、扶贫效益、素质提升、环境成本和经济成本的感知存在较大内部差异;(3)基于这些差异,将居民分为旅游发展认可者、经济成本关注者、谨慎观望者、扶贫效益认可者、环境成本关注者五类。最后,根据分析结果,针对五类居民,提出了建议。