鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina)生长特征

以调查统计的方法研究了矮嵩草草甸内鹅绒委陵菜无性生长特征 ,研究结果表明 :匍匐茎只有 1条的鹅绒委陵菜最多 ,占 5 2 .86 % ,匍匐茎有 4条的鹅绒委陵菜只占 4.2 9%。同一鹅绒委陵菜无性系中 ,随着匍匐茎数目的增多 ,分株数、间隔子数、茎总长和匍匐茎比节间重变小。分株一般在第二级或第三级最高 ,末级较高 ;间隔子一般以第二、第三或第四级为最长 ,最末一级较长 ,第一级最短。随鹅绒委陵菜匍匐茎数目的增多 。

鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina L.)生物学特性的初步研究

详细描述了鹅绒委陵菜的生物学特性 ,并根据鹅绒委陵菜的生物学特性 ,将其生育期划分为 6个时期 ,即萌发期、基株生长期、匍匐期、花果期。

蕨麻(Potentilla anserina L.)自然资源状况的初步研究

系统地调查了蕨麻(鹅绒委陵菜的块根)的民间使用方法、资源分布规律、生长环境和生物学特性,为今后科学保护和合理开发该资源提供了可靠的理论基础。

采收季节对鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina L.)块根总黄酮含量的影响

通过紫外可见光光度法测定了不同季节采收的鹅绒委陵菜块根———蕨麻以及野生蕨麻中的总黄酮含量,结果表明,栽培种和野生种总黄酮含量几乎没有差别;春蕨麻和秋蕨麻的总黄酮含量有较大差异,秋蕨麻的总黄酮含量比春蕨麻高25 8%,从而为蕨麻的最佳收获时间提供了理论依据.

Leaf gas exchange and photosynthesis curves of Elymus nutans and Potentilla anserina under fencing and grazing conditions in the Qilian Mountains, Northwest China

Potentilla anserina L.and Elymus nutans Griseb.are dominant species in the subalpine meadows of China.Grazing is one of the most important factors that influence community structure and productivity of subalpine meadows.Understanding how grazing changes photosynthetic capability is essential for preservation and restoration of grasslands.However,information about the effects of grazing on photosynthetic capability remains inadequate.Experiments were conducted in fencing and grazing areas in the Qilian Mountains,Northwest China.The leaf gas exchange and photosynthetic curves of P.anserina and E.nutans were measured at different growth stages.Results showed that grazing decreased the values of leaf gas exchange parameters,such as net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,and intercellular CO2 concentration of P.anserina and E.nutans.In addition,grazing decreased the values of net photosynthetic rate-photosynthetically active radiation(PN-PAR)curve parameters,such as light-saturated net photosynthetic rate,apparent quantum efficiency,light compensation point,light saturation point,and dark respiration rate.Our results demonstrated that grazing was the primary limiting factor for photosynthesis of dominant grassland species in the study area.

Modified non-rectangular hyperbola equation with plant height for photosynthetic light-response curves of Potentilla anserina and Elymus nutans at various growth phases in the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China

The non-rectangular hyperbola(NRH)equation is the most popular method that plots the photosynthetic light-response(PLR)curve and helps to identify plant photosynthetic capability.However,the PLR curve can't be plotted well by the NRH equation at different plant growth phases due to the variations of plant development.Recently,plant physiological parameters have been considered into the NRH equation to establish the modified NRH equation,but plant height(H),an important parameter in plant growth phases,is not taken into account.In this study,H was incorporated into the NRH equation to establish the modified NRH equation,which could be used to estimate photosynthetic capability of herbage at different growth phases.To explore photosynthetic capability of herbage,we selected the dominant herbage species Potentilla anserina L.and Elymus nutans Griseb.in the Heihe River Basin,Northwest China as the research materials.Totally,twenty-four PLR curves and H at different growth phases were measured during the growing season in 2016.Results showed that the maximum net photosynthetic rate and the initial slope of PLR curve linearly increased with H.The modified NRH equation,which is established by introducing H and an H-based adjustment factor into the NRH equation,described better the PLR curves of P.anserina and E.nutans than the original ones.The results may provide an effective method to estimate the net primary productivity of grasslands in the study area.

Polysaccharide-rich extract of Potentilla anserina ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in free fatty acid-induced HepG2 cells and high-fat/sugar diet-fed mice

Potentilla anserina L.(PA)belongs to the Rosaceae family,is a common edible plant in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau areas of China.This study elucidates the mechanism upon which crude polysaccharide of PA(PAP)on fat accumulation in HepG2 cells stimulated by oleic acid(OA)and high fat high sugar induced mice.The result revealed that PAP inhibited lipid accumulation in obese mice and ameliorated the degree of damage in OA-induced HepG2 cells.Specifically,compared to the control group,the TG and TC levels were decreased in cells and mice serum,the aspartate transaminase and alamine aminotransferase contents were declined in liver of obese mice by PAP treatment.The expressions of adipogenic genes of SREBP-1c,C/EBPα,PPARγ,and FAS were inhibited after PAP treatment.Moreover,PAP increased the mRNA levels of CPT-1 and PPARα,which were involved in fatty acid oxidation.The present results indicated the PAP could alleviate the damage of liver associated with obesity and PAP treatment might provide a dietary therapeutic option for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.

Neuroprotection of n-Butanol Extract from Roots of Potentilla anserina on Hypoxic Injury in Primary Hippocampal Neurons

Objective To investigate the protective effect of n-butanol extract from the roots of Potentilla anserina (NP) on hypoxic hippocampal neurons in neonatal rats. Methods Primary cultured hippocampal neurons were pretreated with different concentration of NP (0.25, 0.0625, and 0.0156 mg/mL) before incubation in a low oxygen (0.1%) environment for 4 h. Cell viability was evaluated by Trypan blue staining assay. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released by neurons into the medium was measured. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cell cytosol was determined using nitroblue tetrazolium. Morphological changes and mitochondrial function were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results Hypoxic injury could decrease the cells viability of neuron, enhance LDH release (P < 0.05), decrease SOD activity, and increase mitochondrial injury. Pretreatment with NP significantly increased cell viability, decreased LDH release (P < 0.05), promoted SOD activity (P < 0.05), and remarkably improved cellular ultra-microstructure compared with the model group. Conclusion NP could protect the primary hippocampal neurons from hypoxic injury by attenuating mitochondrial cell death.

Effect of n-butanol Extract from Potentilla anserina on Hypoxia-induced Calcium Overload and SERCA2 Expression of Rat Cardiomyocytes

Objective To investigate the effect of n-butanol extract from Potentilla anserina(NP)intervention on hypoxia-induced Ca 2+ overload and SERCA2 expression of rat cardiomyocytes.Methods Primary cultured myocardial cell from SD neonatal rat(1-3 d)was used in the establishment of hypoxia model.After hypoxia for 3 h,the Ca 2+ concentration of myocardial cells was measured with fura-2/AM fluorescent probe,and the biochemical indicator intracellular Ca 2+ -ATPase was examined and the mRNA and its protective protein levels of the sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR)Ca 2+ -ATPases(SERCA2)were assayed with RT-PCR,Western-blotting,and immune-cytochemical staining in each group.Results The results showed that NP decreased Ca 2+ concentration, increased the activity of Ca 2+ -ATPase,and improved the mRNA and protein expression of SERCA2 in hypoxia-injured myocardial cells as compared with the model group.Conclusion These results indicate that NP could attenuate the Ca 2+ overload.The mechanism might be explained as that NP could elevate the SERCA2 level, increase the activity of myocardium in rats,and further enhance the capacity of SR Ca 2+ re-uptake.

Potentilla anserina polysaccharide alleviates cadmium-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of H9c2 cells by regulating the MG53-mediated RISK pathway

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in cadmium(Cd)-induced myocardial injury.Mitsugumin 53(MG53)and its mediated reperfusion injury salvage kinase(RISK)pathway have been demonstrated to be closely related to myocardial oxidative damage.Potentilla anserina L.polysaccharide(PAP)is a polysaccharide with antioxidant capacity,which exerts protective effect on Cd-induced damage.However,it remains unknown whether PAP can prevent and treat Cd-induced cardiomyocyte damages.The present study was desgined to explore the effect of PAP on Cd-induced damage in H9c2 cells based on MG53 and the mediated RISK pathway.For in vitro evaluation,cell viability and apoptosis rate were analyzed by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry,respectively.Furthermore,oxidative stress was assessed by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)staining and using superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and glutathione/oxidized glutathione(GSH/GSSG)kits.The mitochondrial function was measured by JC-10 staining and ATP detection assay.Western blot was performed to detect the expression of proteins related to MG53,the RISK pathway,and apoptosis.The results indicated that Cd increased the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in H9c2 cells.Cd decreased the activities of SOD and CAT and the ratio of GSH/GSSG,resulting in decreases in cell viability and increases in apoptosis.Interestingly,PAP reversed Cd-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis.Meanwhile,Cd reduced the expression of MG53 in H9c2 clls and inhibited the RISK pathway,which was mediated by decreasing the ratio of p-Akt^(Ser473)/Akt,p-GSK3β^(Ser9)/GSK3β and p ERK1/2/ERK1/2.In addition,Cd impaired mitochondrial function,which involved a reduction in ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),and an increase in the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2,cytoplasmic cytochrome c/mitochondrial cytochrome c,and Cleaved-Caspase 3/Pro-Caspase 3.Importantly,PAP alleviated Cd-induced MG53 reduction,activated the RISK pathway,and reduced mitochondrial damage.Interestingly,knockdown of MG53 or inhibition of the RISK pathway attenuated the protective effect of PAP in Cd-induced H9c2 cells.In sum,PAP reduces Cd-induced damage in H9c2 cells,which is mediated by increasing MG53 expression and activating the RISK pathway.

青藏高原蕨麻的分子谱系地理学研究

青藏高原的隆升以及第四纪冰期气候的循环波动,对于青藏高原及其周边地区动植物的分布和遗传结构具有很大的影响。蕨麻是青藏高原极富营养、药用和生态价值的特有植物资源,蕨麻和鹅绒委陵菜的分类关系及分布在学术界存在争议,分子谱系地理学研究将为蕨麻遗传多样性形成机制及推断该物种迁移演化历史提供依据。以蕨麻为研究对象,对采集的30个居群的810个个体进行了叶绿体trnL-trnF序列和核基因ITS测序,揭示遗传变异在居群内和居群间的分布格局,结合群体遗传学和系统发生学,分析该物种的遗传结构与历史事件之间的关联,揭示物种及物种内不同种群形成现有分布格局的历史原因和演化过程。主要结论有:1)蕨麻具有较高水平的遗传多样性。cpDNA trnL-trnF片段共检测到40种单倍型,16个为共享单倍型,占比40%,24个为居群特有单倍型,占比60%,遗传多样性h=0.7078,单倍型多样性Hd=0.8217,核苷酸多样性π=0.010641,总遗传多样性HT=0.849;nrDNA ITS片段共检测到128种单倍型,共享单倍型42种,占比32.8%,居群特有单倍型86种,占比67.2%,遗传多样性h=0.7633,单倍型多样性Hd=0.8168,核苷酸多样性π=0.003584,总遗传多样性HT=0.844。2)居群内的遗传多样性大于居群间的遗传多样性。序列分析结果为居群内和居群间的遗传多样性都很高(cpDNA trnL-trnF:HT=0.849,居群内平均遗传多样性HS=0.640;nrDNA ITS序列:HT=0.844,HS=0.763,HT均大于HS)。蕨麻居群分为3个组:青海高原组、横断山脉组和藏南谷地组。蕨麻的遗传变异主要来源于居群内部。3)蕨麻种群具有明显的谱系地理结构。cpDNA trnL-trnF序列和nrDNA ITS遗传多态性分析及地理分布模式检验,cpDNA trnL-trnF序列:遗传分化系数G_(ST)=0.246,N_(ST)=0.417,nrDNA ITS序列:G_(ST)=0.096,N_(ST)=0.522,N_(ST)均显著大于G_(ST)(P<0.001),表明蕨麻所有居群单倍型存在显著的谱系地理结构,两种方法的结果高度一致。分子变异分析(AMOVA)表明,大部分遗传变异(59.69%)存在于居群内部,居群间分化水平很高(F_(ST)=0.40313)。4)共享单倍型和特有单倍型均由古老单倍型衍生而来。cpDNA trnL-trnF和nrDNA序列中央连接网状图呈以共享单倍型M4和H9位于中心,M_(1)、M_(3)和H_(2)、H_(10)、H_(11)、H_(12)位于主干位置的星状结构,其余共享单倍型和特有单倍型均由这些古老单倍型衍生而来,两者结果一致。5)蕨麻种群大小和范围发生过大规模扩张。利用cpDNA trnL-trnF和nrDNA序列进行歧点分析,前者歧点分布呈单峰曲线,表明近期群体大小和范围有大规模扩张发生;后者的歧点分布呈双峰曲线,反映基因谱系的高度复杂性,但Tajima’s D,Fu and Li’s D和Fu and Li’s F均为负值,且结果显著,且离差平方和(SSD)和扩张评估指数(H_(Rag))的统计检验不显著,表明蕨麻居群近期有扩张的可能。6)蕨麻存在3个冰期避难所,即东喜马拉雅区域、青藏高原东南边缘及横断山脉区域。

响应面法优化超声辅助提取蕨麻总三萜工艺研究

目的:优化超声辅助提取蕨麻总三萜工艺条件研究。方法:在单因素试验基础上,利用响应面法评估液料比、提取时间、提取温度对总三萜提取得率的影响。结果:超声辅助提取最佳工艺参数为液料比20∶1 mL/g,提取时间63 min,提取温度60℃,蕨麻总三萜提取得率可达4.73%±0.01%。结论:响应面法优化提取工艺切实可行,操作简单,总三萜含量高,可为蕨麻进一步开发利用提供依据。

蕨麻多糖提取物对牦牛酸乳品质的影响

采用超声辅助酶法从植物蕨麻中提取多糖,优化所得工艺参数为:复合酶(纤维素酶、果胶酶、木瓜蛋白酶质量比2:1:0.5)添加量49U/g、超声时间100min、酶解pH 4.4,此时蕨麻多糖提取物(Potentilla anserina L.polysaccharide extract,PAPE)提取率高达(6.89±0.08)%;进一步探究PAPE对牦牛酸乳发酵的影响,结果表明,PAPE可显著提升嗜热链球菌CICC 6038、保加利亚乳杆菌CICC 20247及发酵乳杆菌HY01的活菌数及产酸能力,且呈现剂量依赖性。当PAPE添加量为2g/100 mL时,牦牛酸乳硬度达到(163.0±9.9) g,黏度为(182.9±1.6) g·s,稠度为(69.7±1.7) g·s,内聚力为(410.0±6.0) g,且具有较好的口感,感官评分为7.78;其抗氧化能力也显著上升,具体表现为对羟自由基、O_(2)^(-)·及2,2'-联氮-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)阳离子自由基的清除率较对照组均增加。本研究在改善牦牛酸乳品质的同时提升了产品的附加值,为PAPE的开发利用提供了新思路。

青海省蕨麻根腐病调查及病原真菌分离鉴定

蕨麻是我国青藏高原特有的植物资源,近年来根腐病对蕨麻生产构成了一定威胁。2019-2021年6~7月,分别对青海西宁市、海北藏族自治州和黄南藏族自治州等地成株期蕨麻根腐病进行调查,对具有典型症状特征的病样,采用组织分离法和单孢分离法获得病原真菌,以柯赫氏法则对其致病性进行验证;通过形态学和分子生物学等方法对蕨麻根腐病病原真菌进行鉴定。结果表明:蕨麻根腐病具有典型症状特征(黑斑、褐变、软化、腐烂、附着菌丝),病害多发生于蕨麻块根膨大期及收获期;蕨麻根腐病病情分级标准可分为0-5个等级;不同种植年限、不同地区蕨麻根腐病病情存在一定的差异,株发病率和病情指数与种植年限均呈正相关;分离鉴定发现病原真菌均为镰刀菌属(Fusarium),包含锐顶镰刀菌(F.acuminatum)、三线镰刀菌(F.tricinctum)、变红镰刀菌(F.incarnatum)、燕麦镰刀菌(F.avenaceum)、木贼镰刀菌(F.equiseti)和念珠镰刀菌(F.torulosum)。该研究为蕨麻根腐病的诊断及防控提供了基础理论依据。

蕨麻化学成分及药理作用的研究进展

目的综述近年来蕨麻化学成分及药理作用的研究报道,为蕨麻资源的深入开发和利用提供参考。方法查阅国内外相关文献并进行分析和总结。结果蕨麻含有三萜类、黄酮类、酚类、多糖类等多种化学成分和营养物质,具有抗氧化、抗缺氧、保肝、抗病毒、调节免疫、抗肿瘤、降血糖等多种药理作用。结论蕨麻作为传统的药食两用类药材,在食品、药品、保健品方面具有广阔的应用前景,但目前开发的产品种类相对较少,还需要更深入的研究。

藏药蕨麻的本草考证

目的对藏药蕨麻进行本草考证,为藏药蕨麻的合理开发和利用提供理论依据。方法通过查阅、整理历代有关蕨麻的本草记载,对始载本草、名称及药用历史进行系统研究。结果众多本草古籍中均有关于蕨麻的药食记载,且本草专著记载蕨麻全草及块根均可入药,全草有收敛止血、补血益气、生津利痰的功效;块根具有生津止渴、健脾益胃、收敛止血、止咳、利痰、益气补血的功效,主治吐血、下血、疟疾、脾虚腹泻、下痢等症。但现行标准记载其药用部位为其干燥地下部分。结论近现代对蕨麻药用部位及药理作用的研究与古代存在差异,需要对蕨麻叶和全草的活性成分进一步深入研究,以便开发、利用蕨麻药用资源。

高速剪切辅助提取蕨麻多糖工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

目的研究料液比、剪切转速、剪切时间、剪切次数对蕨麻多糖提取率的影响,评估其最佳提取率条件。方法以青海蕨麻为试材,采用高速剪切辅助提取技术,单因素结合Box-Behnken响应面法对蕨麻多糖的最佳提取工艺条件进行优化,并对其抗氧化活进行评价,测定蕨麻多糖的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine,DPPH)自由基清除率、羟基自由基清除率、2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt,ABTS]阳离子自由基清除率及总抗氧化能力。结果在料液比1:40(g/mL),剪切转速19000 r/min,剪切时间50 s,剪切次数3次条件下得到的蕨麻多糖提取率为(25.58±0.42)%,理论提取率为26.87%,差值较小,说明提取工艺参数可靠。体外抗氧化活性表明,在试验浓度范围内,蕨麻多糖对DPPH自由基、羟自由基、ABTS阳离子自由基有良好的清除作用,且清除效果与多糖浓度呈剂量-效应关系。结论蕨麻多糖具有较好的抗氧化活性,本研究为蕨麻的进一步开发和应用提供数据支持。

基于CiteSpace的蕨麻研究文献可视化分析

目的了解我国藏药蕨麻的研究现状、热点及发展趋势,为其相关研究提供借鉴。方法检索中国知识资源总库(CNKI)1993年1月1日-2023年8月1日蕨麻相关研究文献,采用CiteSpace6.2.R4软件对纳入文献年发文量、作者、机构及关键词进行可视化分析。结果纳入397篇文献,2008年前蕨麻发文量急剧增加,2008年后年发文量趋于稳定,平均年发文量14篇;研究机构基本形成青海民族大学、中国人民武装警察部队后勤学院、甘肃农业大学、沈阳药科大学4大研究团队;发文作者分别以李军乔团队、李灵芝团队、蔡光明团队和胡庭俊团队为主;关键词结果显示,蕨麻主要研究内容为蕨麻多糖、缺氧、化学成分、抗氧化等;关键词时间线图显示,蕨麻研究方向表现在蕨麻多酚和根际方面的研究。结论蕨麻研究仍处于发展阶段,基础药理研究相对薄弱,蕨麻主要研究内容为蕨麻多糖、抗缺氧和化学成分,研究热点为蕨麻多酚和根际方面的研究。

Intraclonal Resource Sharing and Functional Specialization of Ramets in Response to Resource Heterogeneity in Three Stoloniferous Herbs

Environments with reciprocal patchiness of resources, in which the availability of two resources such as light and soil nutrients are patchily distributed in horizontal space and negatively correlated in each patch, are common in many ecosystems. The strategies by which clonal plants adapt to this type of heterogeneous environment were examined in three stoloniferous herbs,Potentilla reptans L. var. sericophylla Franch., P. anserina L. and Halerpestes ruthenica (Jacq.) Qvcz., commonly inhabiting forest understories, grasslands and low saline meadows, respectively. As pairs of connected ramets were subjected to reciprocal patchiness of light and nutrients, stolon connection between the two ramets significantly enhanced biomass of both ramet growing in low light intensity but high soil nutrient condition (LH ramet) and ramet growing in high light intensity but low soil nutrient condition (HL ramet) as well as whole ramet pairs (consisting of LH ramets and HL ramets). Additionally, stolon connection greatly increased root/shoot ratio of LH ramet while significantly decreased that of HL ramet. The results indicate that a reciprocal transportation of resources between interconnected ramets and a functional specialization of ramets in uptake of abundant resources occurred. By resource sharing and functional specialization, clonal plants can efficiently acquire locally abundant resources and buffer the stress caused by reciprocal patchiness of resources.

不同干燥方式对青海蕨麻品质特性的影响

以5种不同干燥方式(热风干燥、热泵干燥、碳纤维远红外、碳纤维远红外联合热泵干燥及真空脉动干燥)后的青海蕨麻为研究对象,通过比较干燥时间、设备能耗,以及干制蕨麻的感官品质(色度、感官评分、复水比)、营养品质(维C、多糖、蛋白质、氨基酸)、食用品质(电子舌、质构特性),结合主成分综合评价方法确定最适宜的干燥方式。结果表明,热泵干燥和联合干燥技术的能耗低,热风干燥技术蕨麻感官评分最高为73.50分,真空脉动干燥的复水比最低为1.02,联合干燥技术蕨麻色泽最亮,热风干燥总氨基酸含量最高为9.05 g/100 g,联合干燥维C含量最高为9.42 g/100 g。各干燥技术蛋白质、多糖和味觉特征差异不明显,干燥蕨麻品质主成分综合评价结果为热风干燥技术最佳,可引进此技术干燥青海蕨麻。研究结果可为青海地区蕨麻引进干燥技术提供科学依据。