Study on Triaxial Mechanical Properties and Micro Mechanism of Fly Ash Reinforced Cement Calcareous Sand

In order to study the mechanical properties and micro-mechanism of industrial waste fly ash-reinforced cement calcareous sand(FCS),the triaxial unconsolidated undrained(UU)test and scanning electron microscope tests(SEM)were carried out on it.The results of UU test show that the peak stress and energy dissipation of the FCS sample first increase and then decrease with the increase in fly ash content.Fly ash enhances the cement calcareous sand by increasing both the cohesion and internal friction angle,and adding 10%content of fly ash gives the largest values.The SEM test results shows that the hydration products of cement and fly ash filled the pores and cracks on the surface of the calcareous sand,which increased the compactness and structure of the FCS samples.The porosity of cement calcareous sand can be reduced from 27.6%to 12.8%by adding 10%fly ash.A brittleness evaluation index based on energy dissipation is proposed to quantitatively characterize the brittleness of FCS samples.The results show that when the content of fly ash is 5%,the brittleness of FCS samples is the lowest.This study shows that the mechanical properties of cement calcareous sand can be effectively enhanced by adding the appropriate amount of fly ash.

Sustainable Fly Ash Based Roof Tiles with Waste Polythene Fibre: An Experimental Study

The compressive stress-strain behavior and other characteristics of treated fly ash based roof tiles have been studied by several experimental tests. This paper attempts to presents the results and observations of a study and comparison based on the past reported experimental data. Based on the results and observations of the comprehensive experimental study, five “control points” have been identified. The new sets of experiment have been carried out to investigate whether it might be possible the use of fly ash in fly ash based roof tiles for residential construction. In the present study, treated fly ash (TFA) of C category was used with different materials as a replacement of clay for making treated fly ash stone dust roof tiles (TFASDRT). Treated fly ash stone dust roof tiles (TFASDRT) were studied at varying percentages of cement, coarse sand, and radish stone dust (RSD) along with the constant percentage of waste polythene fibre (WPF). A research program was undertaken to evaluate the suitability of such test for assessing the properties of treated fly ash stone dust roof tiles (TFASDRT). The result of this study recommends that the fly ash based roof tiles provides a sustainable supplement to the traditional clay roof tiles, they increase the efficiency of traditional roof tiles and significantly help to reduce the environmental issues associated with the disposal of these waste materials.

Optimization of green sand mould system using Taguchi based grey relational analysis

The strength of the mould cavity in sand casting is very much significant to attain high-quality castings. Optimization of green sand process parameters plays a vital role in minimizing casting defects. In the present research work, the effect of process parameters such as AFS grain fineness number, water, molasses, bentonite, fly ash, and ramming, and their levels on the resultant mould properties were investigated and optimized using Taguchi based grey relational analysis. The Taguchi L18 orthogonal array and analysis of variance(ANOVA) were used. The quality characteristics viz., green compression strength, permeability, bulk density, mould hardness and shatter index of green sand mould were optimized using grey relational grade, based on the experiments designed using Taguchi's Design of Experiments. ANOVA analysis indicated that water content is the most influential parameter followed by bentonite, and degree of ramming that contributes to the quality characteristics. The results are confirmed by calculating confidence intervals, which lies within the interval limits. Finally, microstructure observations and X-ray diffraction analysis have been performed for the optimal sand parametric combination. Results show that presence of maximum amount of SiO_2, which might be the reason for enhancement of the physical properties of the sand.

Utilization of MSWI fly ash as partial cement or sand substitute with focus on cementing efficiency and health risk assessment

The strength of cement substituted mortar decreases with the increase in fly ash amount,whereas the strength increases when the fly ash is blended as sand substitute.A mortar with highest strength(compressive strength=30.2 Mpa;flexural strength=7.0 Mpa)was obtained when the sand replacement ratio was 0.75%.The k value(cementing efficiency)of fly ash varied between 0.36 and 0.15 for the fly ash fraction in binder between 5%and 25%.The k values of fly ash used for sand replacement were all significantly above that used for cement substitution.The macropores assigned to the gaps between particles decreased when the fly ash was used as sand replacement,providing an explanation for the strength enhancement.The waste-extraction procedure(toxicity-sulphuric acid and nitric acid method(HJ/T 299-2007))was used to evaluate metal leaching,indicating the reuse possibility of fly ash blended mortar.For the mortar with the mass ratio of fly ash to binder of 0.5%,the carcinogenic risks(CR)and non-carcinogenic hazard quotient(HQ)in sensitive scenario for blended mortar utilization were 9.66 x 10 and 0.06,respectively;these results were both lower than the threshold values,showing an acceptable health risk.The CR(9.89 x 105)and HQ(3.89)of the nonsensitive scenario for fly ash treatment exceeded the acceptable threshold values,indicating health risks to onsite workers.The main contributor to the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk is Cr and Cd,respectively.The CR and HQ from inhalation was the main route of heavy metal exposure.

粉煤灰陶砂次轻混凝土的制备与性能

用碎石、粉煤灰陶砂和河砂作为混合集料配制不同细集料组成的次轻混凝土试样,研究它们的力学性能和热学性能。与普通混凝土相比,掺入少量粉煤灰陶砂(陶砂体积分数为25%)的次轻混凝土抗压强度得到提高,表现出较为理想的轻质高强特性。上述现象归功于混合细集料中大小颗粒搭配较好,陶砂的微泵内养护效应以及陶砂表面具有潜在活性物质参加火山灰反应,强化了陶砂与水泥石的界面强度,使掺入体积分数为25%陶砂的次轻混凝土在各龄期具有最高的强度。与普通混凝土相比,当次轻混凝土中陶砂体积分数为25%时,其导热系数可降低42%,即掺入适量陶砂可明显提高混凝土的保温隔热性能。