This feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of poultry by-product meal (PBM) as a protein source in the culture of Litopenaeus vannamei. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to ne...This feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of poultry by-product meal (PBM) as a protein source in the culture of Litopenaeus vannamei. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to near to commercial diet with about 40% protein and 7.5% lipid. Fish meal was replaced by 0, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 100% of PBM (diets 1-7). The diet with 100% fish meal was used as a control (diet 1). Post-larvae were reared in an indoor semi-closed re-circulating system. Each dietary treatment was tested in 4 replicate tanks (260 L) of 40 shrimp, arranged in a completely randomized design. The shrimps were hand-fed for three times a day to near-satiation (0700, 1200 and 1800) for 60 d. Percentage weight gain, survival, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and body composition of shrimps were measured. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance among shrimps fed diets 1-5 (0-60% fish meal replacement). However, shrimps fed diet 7 (100% fish meal replacement) had significantly lower (P<0.05) growth than those fed diets 1-5 (0-60% fish meal replacement). Shrimp fed diets 2-4 (30%-50% fish meal replacement) showed significantly higher growth than those fed diets 6 and 7 (70% and 100% fish meal replacement, respectively). Survival ranged from 94.7% to 100.0% and did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among different experimental diets. No differences in body composition were found among shrimps fed different diets. These results showed that up to 70% of fish meal protein can be replaced by PBM without adversely affecting the growth, survival, FCR, PER and body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei.展开更多
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of meat and bone meal （MBM） and poultry by-product meal （PBM） as the replacement of fishmeal in the diets on the growth performance, survival and apparent digestibilit...A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of meat and bone meal （MBM） and poultry by-product meal （PBM） as the replacement of fishmeal in the diets on the growth performance, survival and apparent digestibility coefficient （ADC） of Japanese flounder （Paralichthys olivaceus）. The experimental diets included 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% MBM or PBM replacement of total fishmeal respectively. All diets were iso-nitrogenous and isocaloric. The results showed that there are no significant differences （P 〉0.05） in growth performance among the treatments fed with 0% -60% MBM replacement of fishmeal, while the percent weight gain （WG, % ）, body length gain （BLG, % ） and ADC significantly decrease when fishmeal is replaced by 80% MBM. The result showed also that there are no significant differences （P 〉0.05） in growth performance and ADC among all treatments fed with the diets with 0% -80% replacements of fishmeal with PBM.展开更多
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of meat and bone meal (MBM) and poultry by-product meal (PBM) as the replacement of fish meal in the diets on the growth performance, survival and apparent digestibility c...A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of meat and bone meal (MBM) and poultry by-product meal (PBM) as the replacement of fish meal in the diets on the growth performance, survival and apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of Litopenaeus vannamei. The basal diets were formulated with 22% fish meal and other ingredients which provided about 40% protein and 9% lipid in the diet. The experimental diets included MBM or PBM to replace 0, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of total fish meal respectively. All diets were iso-nitrogenous and isocaloric in gross terms. The results showed that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance and ADC among the treatments fed with the diets in which 0-60% fish meal had been replaced with MBM, while the percent weight gain (WG, %), body length gain (BLG, %) and ADC significantly decreased when the MBM was up to 80% of the fish meal. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance and ADC among all the treatments fed with the diets in which 0-80% fish meal had been replaced with PBM.展开更多
Pulsed photo-stimulated luminescence (PPSL) is a simple screening method that can be employed qualitatively at the spot for the detection of eggs treated with ionizing radiation.Due to the variations in the results du...Pulsed photo-stimulated luminescence (PPSL) is a simple screening method that can be employed qualitatively at the spot for the detection of eggs treated with ionizing radiation.Due to the variations in the results during storage,the eggs of ostrich,duck,hen,and quail were irradiated to doses of 0,1,2,and 3 kGy.Most of the samples were incorrectly identified during storage after four months of irradiation.Thermoluminescence (TL) technique was also tried by using egg shells in order to confirm the irradiation treatment in eggs.TL glow curves were recorded between the temperatures 50℃to 400℃at the rate of 5°/s for all the control and irradiated samples.On the basis of integrated areas of first glow curves (TL1),the glow curve ratios (TL1/TL2) and the shapes of maxima of TL1, the irradiation treatment of all the eggs was confirmed.Furthermore,the presence of calcite and aragonite minerals that cause the TL signal in the egg shells were studied using X-ray diffraction spectrometry.展开更多
[目的]对贵州省毕节市禽蛋产品中喹诺酮类药物的残留情况进行监测,并对该类药物残留进行风险评估。[方法]2023年1—11月从毕节市禽养殖场、超市和农贸市场随机采集231批次禽蛋产品,采用固相萃取-液相色谱串联质谱法检测7种喹诺酮类药物...[目的]对贵州省毕节市禽蛋产品中喹诺酮类药物的残留情况进行监测,并对该类药物残留进行风险评估。[方法]2023年1—11月从毕节市禽养殖场、超市和农贸市场随机采集231批次禽蛋产品,采用固相萃取-液相色谱串联质谱法检测7种喹诺酮类药物(恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、达氟沙星、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、洛美沙星和培氟沙星)残留情况,应用暴露评估中的点评估结合食品安全指数(index of food safety,IFS)评估禽蛋产品中喹诺酮类药物残留的安全性。[结果]7种喹诺酮类药物在0.005~0.1μg/mL浓度范围内线性相关性良好,相关系数(R^(2))均大于0.990;3个加标水平(2、6、10μg/kg)的回收率为64.2%~106.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于15%(n=6);方法检出限和定量限分别为0.02~0.33μg/kg、0.07~1.10μg/kg,该方法简便、快捷、准确度高、精密度好、选择性强,能够满足禽蛋产品中喹诺酮类药物检测需求。在抽检的231批次禽蛋产品中,有15批次检出恩诺沙星和环丙沙星,检出率为6.5%,残留范围为0.94~15.1μg/kg,其中,有3批次禽蛋产品中恩诺沙星残留不符合《食品安全国家标准食品中41种兽药最大残留限量》(GB 31650.1—2022)规定的最大残留限量(10μg/kg)要求,超标率为1.3%。毕节市禽蛋产品中喹诺酮类药物残留的IFS平均值、最小值、最大值分别为5.23×10^(-4)、1.39×10^(-4)和8.61×10^(-4),均远小于1。[结论]毕节市禽蛋产品中喹诺酮类药物残留对人体健康的影响较小,风险可接受,但应加强监管和抽检力度。展开更多
The aim of this study was to provide a simple, easy-to-use incubation system for small-scale rural poultry farmers far from the electricity grid. To this end, a naturally ventilated solar thermal incubator was built a...The aim of this study was to provide a simple, easy-to-use incubation system for small-scale rural poultry farmers far from the electricity grid. To this end, a naturally ventilated solar thermal incubator was built and experimentally tested. A U-shaped evacuated tube collector and a wooden crate holding 50 eggs were used to build the solar thermal incubator. Water was used as the heat transfer fluid, and an EPCM was integrated into the incubation chamber for operation at night or when the sun was hidden. The heat generated by the solar collector and stored in the heat transfer fluid is transported to the incubation chamber by thermosiphon to heat the chamber. Temperature and humidity probes powered by a solar panel were placed at various locations to monitor the thermo-hygrometric efficiency of the incubation system. The incubator, heated by natural convection, proved to function normally, and the incubation chamber was maintained throughout the incubation period within a temperature range of 35.53˚C to 39.53˚C and relative humidity averaging 49.4% to 68.5%. The experiment was carried out by introducing 30 eggs and the results of the experimental study showed that the incubator’s efficiency was 87%. The performance tests gave a fertility rate of 93% and a hatching rate of 93%, i.e. 28 fertile eggs and 26 hatched eggs, respectively.展开更多
基金financial support by grant No. 30871928 from the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China (NSFC)
文摘This feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of poultry by-product meal (PBM) as a protein source in the culture of Litopenaeus vannamei. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to near to commercial diet with about 40% protein and 7.5% lipid. Fish meal was replaced by 0, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 100% of PBM (diets 1-7). The diet with 100% fish meal was used as a control (diet 1). Post-larvae were reared in an indoor semi-closed re-circulating system. Each dietary treatment was tested in 4 replicate tanks (260 L) of 40 shrimp, arranged in a completely randomized design. The shrimps were hand-fed for three times a day to near-satiation (0700, 1200 and 1800) for 60 d. Percentage weight gain, survival, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and body composition of shrimps were measured. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance among shrimps fed diets 1-5 (0-60% fish meal replacement). However, shrimps fed diet 7 (100% fish meal replacement) had significantly lower (P<0.05) growth than those fed diets 1-5 (0-60% fish meal replacement). Shrimp fed diets 2-4 (30%-50% fish meal replacement) showed significantly higher growth than those fed diets 6 and 7 (70% and 100% fish meal replacement, respectively). Survival ranged from 94.7% to 100.0% and did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among different experimental diets. No differences in body composition were found among shrimps fed different diets. These results showed that up to 70% of fish meal protein can be replaced by PBM without adversely affecting the growth, survival, FCR, PER and body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei.
文摘A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of meat and bone meal （MBM） and poultry by-product meal （PBM） as the replacement of fishmeal in the diets on the growth performance, survival and apparent digestibility coefficient （ADC） of Japanese flounder （Paralichthys olivaceus）. The experimental diets included 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% MBM or PBM replacement of total fishmeal respectively. All diets were iso-nitrogenous and isocaloric. The results showed that there are no significant differences （P 〉0.05） in growth performance among the treatments fed with 0% -60% MBM replacement of fishmeal, while the percent weight gain （WG, % ）, body length gain （BLG, % ） and ADC significantly decrease when fishmeal is replaced by 80% MBM. The result showed also that there are no significant differences （P 〉0.05） in growth performance and ADC among all treatments fed with the diets with 0% -80% replacements of fishmeal with PBM.
文摘A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of meat and bone meal (MBM) and poultry by-product meal (PBM) as the replacement of fish meal in the diets on the growth performance, survival and apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of Litopenaeus vannamei. The basal diets were formulated with 22% fish meal and other ingredients which provided about 40% protein and 9% lipid in the diet. The experimental diets included MBM or PBM to replace 0, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of total fish meal respectively. All diets were iso-nitrogenous and isocaloric in gross terms. The results showed that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance and ADC among the treatments fed with the diets in which 0-60% fish meal had been replaced with MBM, while the percent weight gain (WG, %), body length gain (BLG, %) and ADC significantly decreased when the MBM was up to 80% of the fish meal. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance and ADC among all the treatments fed with the diets in which 0-80% fish meal had been replaced with PBM.
文摘Pulsed photo-stimulated luminescence (PPSL) is a simple screening method that can be employed qualitatively at the spot for the detection of eggs treated with ionizing radiation.Due to the variations in the results during storage,the eggs of ostrich,duck,hen,and quail were irradiated to doses of 0,1,2,and 3 kGy.Most of the samples were incorrectly identified during storage after four months of irradiation.Thermoluminescence (TL) technique was also tried by using egg shells in order to confirm the irradiation treatment in eggs.TL glow curves were recorded between the temperatures 50℃to 400℃at the rate of 5°/s for all the control and irradiated samples.On the basis of integrated areas of first glow curves (TL1),the glow curve ratios (TL1/TL2) and the shapes of maxima of TL1, the irradiation treatment of all the eggs was confirmed.Furthermore,the presence of calcite and aragonite minerals that cause the TL signal in the egg shells were studied using X-ray diffraction spectrometry.
文摘【目的】探究残差神经网络(residual neural network,ResNet)对不同种类鸡蛋的分类效果,明确深度学习应用存在智能鸡蛋巡检装置的可行性,为家禽养殖智能化进程提供新思路,并为鸡蛋分类研究提供数据支撑。【方法】在鸡舍实地取样,采用自适应矩估计优化器(adaptive moment estimation,Adam)以微调最后1层、微调所有层和重新训练所有层3种迁移学习策略分别训练,并通过调整模型权重参数及改变学习率的方式训练出最佳分类模型。【结果】得到识别准确率高达98.971%的鸡蛋分类模型。计算出模型在数据集上的各类评估指标,并借助混淆矩阵及语义特征降维可视化,分析出鸡蛋分类识别中易被误判的类别及语义。该模型部署后实时性良好,满足实际需求。【结论】鸡蛋的分类识别中光照条件是关键影响因素,应尽可能使鸡舍光照稳定均衡。针对6类鸡蛋,微调所有层并调整学习率参数为0.6,可得最佳模型。其在鸡舍场景下分类效果优良,尤其是颜色语义,应用于智能鸡蛋巡检装置,可有效降低人力成本。后续研究中应注重畸形蛋及软壳蛋的记录,为进一步优化提供数据支撑。
文摘[目的]对贵州省毕节市禽蛋产品中喹诺酮类药物的残留情况进行监测,并对该类药物残留进行风险评估。[方法]2023年1—11月从毕节市禽养殖场、超市和农贸市场随机采集231批次禽蛋产品,采用固相萃取-液相色谱串联质谱法检测7种喹诺酮类药物(恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、达氟沙星、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、洛美沙星和培氟沙星)残留情况,应用暴露评估中的点评估结合食品安全指数(index of food safety,IFS)评估禽蛋产品中喹诺酮类药物残留的安全性。[结果]7种喹诺酮类药物在0.005~0.1μg/mL浓度范围内线性相关性良好,相关系数(R^(2))均大于0.990;3个加标水平(2、6、10μg/kg)的回收率为64.2%~106.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于15%(n=6);方法检出限和定量限分别为0.02~0.33μg/kg、0.07~1.10μg/kg,该方法简便、快捷、准确度高、精密度好、选择性强,能够满足禽蛋产品中喹诺酮类药物检测需求。在抽检的231批次禽蛋产品中,有15批次检出恩诺沙星和环丙沙星,检出率为6.5%,残留范围为0.94~15.1μg/kg,其中,有3批次禽蛋产品中恩诺沙星残留不符合《食品安全国家标准食品中41种兽药最大残留限量》(GB 31650.1—2022)规定的最大残留限量(10μg/kg)要求,超标率为1.3%。毕节市禽蛋产品中喹诺酮类药物残留的IFS平均值、最小值、最大值分别为5.23×10^(-4)、1.39×10^(-4)和8.61×10^(-4),均远小于1。[结论]毕节市禽蛋产品中喹诺酮类药物残留对人体健康的影响较小,风险可接受,但应加强监管和抽检力度。
文摘The aim of this study was to provide a simple, easy-to-use incubation system for small-scale rural poultry farmers far from the electricity grid. To this end, a naturally ventilated solar thermal incubator was built and experimentally tested. A U-shaped evacuated tube collector and a wooden crate holding 50 eggs were used to build the solar thermal incubator. Water was used as the heat transfer fluid, and an EPCM was integrated into the incubation chamber for operation at night or when the sun was hidden. The heat generated by the solar collector and stored in the heat transfer fluid is transported to the incubation chamber by thermosiphon to heat the chamber. Temperature and humidity probes powered by a solar panel were placed at various locations to monitor the thermo-hygrometric efficiency of the incubation system. The incubator, heated by natural convection, proved to function normally, and the incubation chamber was maintained throughout the incubation period within a temperature range of 35.53˚C to 39.53˚C and relative humidity averaging 49.4% to 68.5%. The experiment was carried out by introducing 30 eggs and the results of the experimental study showed that the incubator’s efficiency was 87%. The performance tests gave a fertility rate of 93% and a hatching rate of 93%, i.e. 28 fertile eggs and 26 hatched eggs, respectively.
