Calculations and analyses are made for the ultimate composition of 158 Chinese power coals.The results reveal that the carbon content on as received basis,C ar ,increases linearly with the increase of the low heating ...Calculations and analyses are made for the ultimate composition of 158 Chinese power coals.The results reveal that the carbon content on as received basis,C ar ,increases linearly with the increase of the low heating value Q net,ar on as received basis;the hydrogen content on as received basis,H ar ,first increases with the increase of the volatile content on dry ash free basis V daf (V daf <33.0%)and then decreases(V daf >33.0%);the oxygen content on as received basis,O ar ,increases linearly with the increase of V daf ,ranging between 2.0% and 12.5%.By comparison,the nitrogen content on as received basis N ar of bituminous and lean coal is higher, while the sulfur content on as received basis S ar of anthracite is higher than bituminous coal,lean coal and lignite.The hydrogen on as received basis H ar is important for the conversion between low heating value and high heating value on as received basis for Chinese power coals,and S ar is important for the calculation of high heating value from the oxygen bomb heat value for Chinese power coals.展开更多
In this study, the transportation and storage problems for regional power coal allocation planning are formulated as transportation and storage problems to realize the minimization of the regional transportation and s...In this study, the transportation and storage problems for regional power coal allocation planning are formulated as transportation and storage problems to realize the minimization of the regional transportation and storage cost. An effective optimiza- tion model is proposed to solve transportation and storage prob- lems for regional power coal allocation planning, which has inter- active effect on multiple participants, such as regional power plants, coal transportation companies, logistics centers, and coal storage centers. A case study illustrates that the model and algo- rithm are more reasonable compared with the classic transporta- tion model, and the sensitivity analysis improves transportation and storage strategies for regional power coal allocation planning. Results demonstrate that this model can not only satisfy more of the actual requirements of the integral system but also offer more information to the decision-makers (DMs) for reference in favor of exalting decision-making quality.展开更多
The effect of two bone-coal power stations(6MWe) on environment was investigated within the scope of the dose contribution caused by various radionucildes in different ways.It is found that the best measures to reduce...The effect of two bone-coal power stations(6MWe) on environment was investigated within the scope of the dose contribution caused by various radionucildes in different ways.It is found that the best measures to reduce the effect of bone-coal power station on radiation environment include to select a fine boiler system and a comprehensive utilization of the bone-coal cinder(BCC),soot and ash in the catchers.展开更多
Focusing on the phenomenon of gypsum rain while wet desulphurization(WFGD) were adopted in coal fired power plant without GGH, the paper studied and put forward the solutions : (1) desulfurization facilities related e...Focusing on the phenomenon of gypsum rain while wet desulphurization(WFGD) were adopted in coal fired power plant without GGH, the paper studied and put forward the solutions : (1) desulfurization facilities related equipment modification;(2) optimal operation of existing desulfurization facilities.展开更多
An augmented proportional-integral sliding surface was designed for a sliding mode controller.A chatter free sliding mode control strategy for a chaotic coal mine power grid was developed.The stability of the control ...An augmented proportional-integral sliding surface was designed for a sliding mode controller.A chatter free sliding mode control strategy for a chaotic coal mine power grid was developed.The stability of the control strategy was proven by Lyapunov stability theorem.The proposed sliding mode control strategy eliminated the chattering phenomenon by replacing the sign function with a saturation function,and by replacing the constant coefficients in the reaching law with adaptive ones.An immune genetic algorithm was used to optimize the parameters in the improved reaching law.The cut-in time of the controllers was optimized to reduce the peak energy of their output.Simulations showed that the proposed sliding mode controller has good,chatter free performance.展开更多
In order to explore the changes in the growth and protein contents of Spirulina and obtain a proper strain for the fixation of carbon dioxide(CO2 from flue gas,the strains isolated from the Spirulina farms and the str...In order to explore the changes in the growth and protein contents of Spirulina and obtain a proper strain for the fixation of carbon dioxide(CO2 from flue gas,the strains isolated from the Spirulina farms and the strain 208 were cultured under different aeration conditions including no CO2,10%CO2 and coal power plant flue gas supplements.The physiological indexes including filament length,biomass yield and chlorophyll a,soluble protein and phycocyanin contents were determined,respectively.When cultured without CO2 supplement,the strain 4-5 exhibited the highest biomass yield(1.880 g L^(−1)and a specific growth rate(0.367 d−1.However,the specific growth rate of all strains decreased significantly when they were cultured under 10%CO2 and unfiltered coal power plant flue gas supplements.Considerable differences were noted in the performance of the experimental microalgal strains under different contemporaneous conditions.The strain 7-8 achieved the highest biomass yield(1.603 g L^(−1)and relatively high phycocyanin content(7.1%)under 10%CO2 supplement.We noted that strain 4-5 had the highest specific growth rate(0.182 d−1 and biomass yield(0.43 g L^(−1)under coal power plant flue gas supplement.Strain 6-10 displayed the highest soluble protein content(66.02%),and strain 7-8 showed the highest phycocyanin content(9.28%)under coal power plant flue gas supplement.展开更多
The development of electrical engineering and electronic, communications, smart power grid, and ultra-high voltage transmission technologies have driven the energy system revolution to the next generation: the energy ...The development of electrical engineering and electronic, communications, smart power grid, and ultra-high voltage transmission technologies have driven the energy system revolution to the next generation: the energy internet. Progressive penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources into the energy system has led to unprecedented challenges to the currently wide use of coal-fired power generation technologies. Here, the applications and prospects of advanced coal-fired power generation technologies are analyzed. These technologies can be summarized into three categories:(1) large-scale and higher parameters coal-fired power generation technologies, including 620/650/700 oC ultra-supercritical thermal power and double reheat ultra-supercritical coal-fired power generation technologies;(2) system innovation and specific, highefficiency thermal cycles, which consist of renewable energy-aided coal-fired power generation technologies, a supercritical CO_2 Brayton cycle for coal-fired power plants, large-scale air-cooling coal-fired power plant technologies, and innovative layouts for waste heat utilization and enhanced energy cascade utilization;(3) coal-fired power generation combined with poly-generation technologies, which are represented by integrated gasification combined cycle(IGCC) and integrated gasification fuel cell(IGFC) technologies. Concerning the existing coal-fired power units, which are responsible for peak shaving, possible strategies for enhancing flexibility and operational stability are discussed. Furthermore, future trends for coal-fired power plants coupled with cyber-physical system(CPS) technologies are introduced. The development of advanced, coal-fired power generation technologies demonstrates the progress of science and is suitable for the sustainable development of human society.展开更多
Nowadays, the worsening environmental issue caused by CO2 emission is greatly aggravated by human activity. Many CO2 reduction technologies are under fast development. Among these, monoethanolamine (MEA) based CO2 cap...Nowadays, the worsening environmental issue caused by CO2 emission is greatly aggravated by human activity. Many CO2 reduction technologies are under fast development. Among these, monoethanolamine (MEA) based CO2 capture technology has been paid great attention. However, when connecting the CO2 capture process with a coal-fired power plant, the huge energy and efficiency penalty caused by CO2 capture has become a serious problem for its application. Thus, it is of great significance to reduce the related energy consumption. Based on an existing coal-fired power plant, this paper proposes a new way for the decarburized retrofitting of the coal-fired power plant, which helps to improve the overall efficiency of the power plant with less energy and efficiency penalty. The decarburized retrofitting scheme proposed will provide a new route for the CO2 capture process in China.展开更多
This paper introduces the situation of coal and power production, the tense supply of powercoal and deteriorated coal quality in 2004, analyzes the causes of tense supply of power and coal, one ofwhich is due to the g...This paper introduces the situation of coal and power production, the tense supply of powercoal and deteriorated coal quality in 2004, analyzes the causes of tense supply of power and coal, one ofwhich is due to the government regulated power tariff against rapid escalation of coal price that powerenterprises can hardly afford. It also presents some policy proposals to relieve the contradiction betweencoal and power, including to intensify macroscopic regulation between industries and regions, solve theproblem of power coal transportation and reduction or exemption of tax on coal industry and circulationlinks, through secondary distribution to regulate profit difference among industries.展开更多
During 1991-1993, the radioactivity levels of the bone-coal mines were investigated in Hubei, Hunan, Ji-angxi, Zhejiang and Anhui Provinces, respectively, where the reserve of bone-coal is about 90% of our country’s ...During 1991-1993, the radioactivity levels of the bone-coal mines were investigated in Hubei, Hunan, Ji-angxi, Zhejiang and Anhui Provinces, respectively, where the reserve of bone-coal is about 90% of our country’s total reserve. The annual additional collective dose equivalent within 80km evaluated region of bone-coal power stations in Nijiangkou and Anren is 1.7 and 1.9 man·mSv, respectively, and that of Zhuantanyan bone-coal shaft is 1.4 man·mSv. The collective dose equivalent caused by bone-coal cinder brick produced for 25 years in the five prov-inces is 1.6×105 man Sv.展开更多
At the beginning of 2008, the Central, East and South China suffered a rare snow and ice disaster. After the disaster, power generation and power grid enterprises faced a big problem of power coal supply.
The radioactivity level of the ambient environment of Anren Bone-coal Power Station (BCPS) was investigated systematically. The γ radiation dose rate level in the environment, the content of 238U and 226Ra in the amb...The radioactivity level of the ambient environment of Anren Bone-coal Power Station (BCPS) was investigated systematically. The γ radiation dose rate level in the environment, the content of 238U and 226Ra in the ambient soil and the farmland in the direction of downwind, the concentrations of 238U. 232Th. 226Ra 40K and 222Rn as well as α potential energy in air, and the concentrations of natural U and Th in effluent are all higher than the corresponding values of the reference site. The additional annual effective dose equivalent to the residents living in the houses made of bone-coal cinder brick is 2.7 mSv.展开更多
Coal consumption curve of the thermal power plant can reflect the function relationship between the coal consumption of unit and load, which plays a key role for research on unit economic operation and load optimal di...Coal consumption curve of the thermal power plant can reflect the function relationship between the coal consumption of unit and load, which plays a key role for research on unit economic operation and load optimal dispatch. Now get coal consumption curve is generally obtained by least square method, but which are static curve and these curves remain unchanged for a long time, and make them are incompatible with the actual operation situation of the unit. Furthermore, coal consumption has the characteristics of typical nonlinear and time varying, sometimes the least square method does not work for nonlinear complex problems. For these problems, a method of coal consumption curve fitting of the thermal power plant units based on genetic algorithm is proposed. The residual analysis method is used for data detection;quadratic function is employed to the objective function;appropriate parameters such as initial population size, crossover rate and mutation rate are set;the unit’s actual coal consumption curves are fitted, and comparing the proposed method with least squares method, the results indicate that fitting effect of the former is better than the latter, and further indicate that the proposed method to do curve fitting can best approximate known data in a certain significance, and they can real-timely reflect the interdependence between power output and coal consumption.展开更多
文摘Calculations and analyses are made for the ultimate composition of 158 Chinese power coals.The results reveal that the carbon content on as received basis,C ar ,increases linearly with the increase of the low heating value Q net,ar on as received basis;the hydrogen content on as received basis,H ar ,first increases with the increase of the volatile content on dry ash free basis V daf (V daf <33.0%)and then decreases(V daf >33.0%);the oxygen content on as received basis,O ar ,increases linearly with the increase of V daf ,ranging between 2.0% and 12.5%.By comparison,the nitrogen content on as received basis N ar of bituminous and lean coal is higher, while the sulfur content on as received basis S ar of anthracite is higher than bituminous coal,lean coal and lignite.The hydrogen on as received basis H ar is important for the conversion between low heating value and high heating value on as received basis for Chinese power coals,and S ar is important for the calculation of high heating value from the oxygen bomb heat value for Chinese power coals.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71103135)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘In this study, the transportation and storage problems for regional power coal allocation planning are formulated as transportation and storage problems to realize the minimization of the regional transportation and storage cost. An effective optimiza- tion model is proposed to solve transportation and storage prob- lems for regional power coal allocation planning, which has inter- active effect on multiple participants, such as regional power plants, coal transportation companies, logistics centers, and coal storage centers. A case study illustrates that the model and algo- rithm are more reasonable compared with the classic transporta- tion model, and the sensitivity analysis improves transportation and storage strategies for regional power coal allocation planning. Results demonstrate that this model can not only satisfy more of the actual requirements of the integral system but also offer more information to the decision-makers (DMs) for reference in favor of exalting decision-making quality.
文摘The effect of two bone-coal power stations(6MWe) on environment was investigated within the scope of the dose contribution caused by various radionucildes in different ways.It is found that the best measures to reduce the effect of bone-coal power station on radiation environment include to select a fine boiler system and a comprehensive utilization of the bone-coal cinder(BCC),soot and ash in the catchers.
文摘Focusing on the phenomenon of gypsum rain while wet desulphurization(WFGD) were adopted in coal fired power plant without GGH, the paper studied and put forward the solutions : (1) desulfurization facilities related equipment modification;(2) optimal operation of existing desulfurization facilities.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51107143)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2010QNB33)
文摘An augmented proportional-integral sliding surface was designed for a sliding mode controller.A chatter free sliding mode control strategy for a chaotic coal mine power grid was developed.The stability of the control strategy was proven by Lyapunov stability theorem.The proposed sliding mode control strategy eliminated the chattering phenomenon by replacing the sign function with a saturation function,and by replacing the constant coefficients in the reaching law with adaptive ones.An immune genetic algorithm was used to optimize the parameters in the improved reaching law.The cut-in time of the controllers was optimized to reduce the peak energy of their output.Simulations showed that the proposed sliding mode controller has good,chatter free performance.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFB0601001)。
文摘In order to explore the changes in the growth and protein contents of Spirulina and obtain a proper strain for the fixation of carbon dioxide(CO2 from flue gas,the strains isolated from the Spirulina farms and the strain 208 were cultured under different aeration conditions including no CO2,10%CO2 and coal power plant flue gas supplements.The physiological indexes including filament length,biomass yield and chlorophyll a,soluble protein and phycocyanin contents were determined,respectively.When cultured without CO2 supplement,the strain 4-5 exhibited the highest biomass yield(1.880 g L^(−1)and a specific growth rate(0.367 d−1.However,the specific growth rate of all strains decreased significantly when they were cultured under 10%CO2 and unfiltered coal power plant flue gas supplements.Considerable differences were noted in the performance of the experimental microalgal strains under different contemporaneous conditions.The strain 7-8 achieved the highest biomass yield(1.603 g L^(−1)and relatively high phycocyanin content(7.1%)under 10%CO2 supplement.We noted that strain 4-5 had the highest specific growth rate(0.182 d−1 and biomass yield(0.43 g L^(−1)under coal power plant flue gas supplement.Strain 6-10 displayed the highest soluble protein content(66.02%),and strain 7-8 showed the highest phycocyanin content(9.28%)under coal power plant flue gas supplement.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51821004)supported by National Soft Science Projects:"Frontier tracking research on science and technology in the field of energy" program
文摘The development of electrical engineering and electronic, communications, smart power grid, and ultra-high voltage transmission technologies have driven the energy system revolution to the next generation: the energy internet. Progressive penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources into the energy system has led to unprecedented challenges to the currently wide use of coal-fired power generation technologies. Here, the applications and prospects of advanced coal-fired power generation technologies are analyzed. These technologies can be summarized into three categories:(1) large-scale and higher parameters coal-fired power generation technologies, including 620/650/700 oC ultra-supercritical thermal power and double reheat ultra-supercritical coal-fired power generation technologies;(2) system innovation and specific, highefficiency thermal cycles, which consist of renewable energy-aided coal-fired power generation technologies, a supercritical CO_2 Brayton cycle for coal-fired power plants, large-scale air-cooling coal-fired power plant technologies, and innovative layouts for waste heat utilization and enhanced energy cascade utilization;(3) coal-fired power generation combined with poly-generation technologies, which are represented by integrated gasification combined cycle(IGCC) and integrated gasification fuel cell(IGFC) technologies. Concerning the existing coal-fired power units, which are responsible for peak shaving, possible strategies for enhancing flexibility and operational stability are discussed. Furthermore, future trends for coal-fired power plants coupled with cyber-physical system(CPS) technologies are introduced. The development of advanced, coal-fired power generation technologies demonstrates the progress of science and is suitable for the sustainable development of human society.
文摘Nowadays, the worsening environmental issue caused by CO2 emission is greatly aggravated by human activity. Many CO2 reduction technologies are under fast development. Among these, monoethanolamine (MEA) based CO2 capture technology has been paid great attention. However, when connecting the CO2 capture process with a coal-fired power plant, the huge energy and efficiency penalty caused by CO2 capture has become a serious problem for its application. Thus, it is of great significance to reduce the related energy consumption. Based on an existing coal-fired power plant, this paper proposes a new way for the decarburized retrofitting of the coal-fired power plant, which helps to improve the overall efficiency of the power plant with less energy and efficiency penalty. The decarburized retrofitting scheme proposed will provide a new route for the CO2 capture process in China.
文摘This paper introduces the situation of coal and power production, the tense supply of powercoal and deteriorated coal quality in 2004, analyzes the causes of tense supply of power and coal, one ofwhich is due to the government regulated power tariff against rapid escalation of coal price that powerenterprises can hardly afford. It also presents some policy proposals to relieve the contradiction betweencoal and power, including to intensify macroscopic regulation between industries and regions, solve theproblem of power coal transportation and reduction or exemption of tax on coal industry and circulationlinks, through secondary distribution to regulate profit difference among industries.
基金Supported by State Environment Protection Bureau and Chinese Nuclear Industry Corporation (Project No.90201001)
文摘During 1991-1993, the radioactivity levels of the bone-coal mines were investigated in Hubei, Hunan, Ji-angxi, Zhejiang and Anhui Provinces, respectively, where the reserve of bone-coal is about 90% of our country’s total reserve. The annual additional collective dose equivalent within 80km evaluated region of bone-coal power stations in Nijiangkou and Anren is 1.7 and 1.9 man·mSv, respectively, and that of Zhuantanyan bone-coal shaft is 1.4 man·mSv. The collective dose equivalent caused by bone-coal cinder brick produced for 25 years in the five prov-inces is 1.6×105 man Sv.
文摘At the beginning of 2008, the Central, East and South China suffered a rare snow and ice disaster. After the disaster, power generation and power grid enterprises faced a big problem of power coal supply.
文摘The radioactivity level of the ambient environment of Anren Bone-coal Power Station (BCPS) was investigated systematically. The γ radiation dose rate level in the environment, the content of 238U and 226Ra in the ambient soil and the farmland in the direction of downwind, the concentrations of 238U. 232Th. 226Ra 40K and 222Rn as well as α potential energy in air, and the concentrations of natural U and Th in effluent are all higher than the corresponding values of the reference site. The additional annual effective dose equivalent to the residents living in the houses made of bone-coal cinder brick is 2.7 mSv.
文摘Coal consumption curve of the thermal power plant can reflect the function relationship between the coal consumption of unit and load, which plays a key role for research on unit economic operation and load optimal dispatch. Now get coal consumption curve is generally obtained by least square method, but which are static curve and these curves remain unchanged for a long time, and make them are incompatible with the actual operation situation of the unit. Furthermore, coal consumption has the characteristics of typical nonlinear and time varying, sometimes the least square method does not work for nonlinear complex problems. For these problems, a method of coal consumption curve fitting of the thermal power plant units based on genetic algorithm is proposed. The residual analysis method is used for data detection;quadratic function is employed to the objective function;appropriate parameters such as initial population size, crossover rate and mutation rate are set;the unit’s actual coal consumption curves are fitted, and comparing the proposed method with least squares method, the results indicate that fitting effect of the former is better than the latter, and further indicate that the proposed method to do curve fitting can best approximate known data in a certain significance, and they can real-timely reflect the interdependence between power output and coal consumption.