Objective assessment of the effect of pupil size upon the power distribution of multifocal contact lenses

AIM： To analytically assess the effect of pupil size upon the refractive power distributions of different designs of multifocal contact lenses.METHODS： Two multifocal contact lenses of center-near design and one multifocal contact lens of center-distance design were used in this study. Their power profiles were measured using the NIMO TR1504 device （LAMBDA-X, Belgium）. Based on their power profiles, the power distribution was assessed as a function of pupil size. For the high addition lenses, the resulting refractive power as a function of viewing distance （far, intermediate, and near） and pupil size was also analyzed.RESULTS： The power distribution of the lenses was affected by pupil size differently. One of the lenses showed a significant spread in refractive power distribution, from about ？3 D to 0 D. Generally, the power distribution of the lenses expanded as the pupil diameter became greater. The surface of the lens dedicated for each distance varied substantially with the design of the lens.CONCLUSION： In an experimental basis, our results show how the lenses power distribution is affected by the pupil size and underlined the necessity of careful evaluation of the patient’s visual needs and the optical properties of a multifocal contact lens for achieving the optimal visual outcome.

Dynamics of a Dual Power-split Transmission Based on Loaded Tooth Contact Analysis

In order to implement the dynamic characteristic of a dual power-split transmission, a dynamic me- chanics model is built. Firstly, according to the method of theoretical analysis of the tooth contact analysis （TCA） and loaded tooth contact analysis （LTCA）, the actual meshing process of each gear pairs is simulated, and the time-varying mesh stiffness excitations are obtained, which can improve the numerical precision. Second- ly, by using the lumped mass method, the bending-torsional coupling three dimensional dynamic model of the dual power-split transmission is established, and the identical dimensionless equations are deduced by elimina- ting the effect of rigid displacement and the method of dimensional normalization. Finally, by the method of the fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithm with variable step lengths, the responses of this system in a frequency domain and time domain are obtained, and the dynamic load change characteristics of each gear pairs are analyzed. The results show that the establishment, solution and analysis of the system dynamics model could provide a basis for the dynamic design, and have an important significance for the dynamic efficiency analysis and dynamic perform- ance optimization design of the dual power-split transmission.

一类Power抓持接触力分解的一般表达式

与灵巧抓持相比，Ｐｏｗｅｒ抓持可承受较大的外部载荷，能够更稳定地抓持物体．但由于抓持机构与物体间的约束较多，且接触点可出现在抓持机构中活动度有限的构件上，因此不能采用已有的适用于灵巧抓持的接触力分解方法对其接触力进行分解．本文在对一类Ｐｏｗ ｅｒ抓持机构的结构特征进行分析的基础上，适当地建立了接触坐标系和物体坐标系．通过对接触力空间进行分解，给出了抓持接触力分解的一般表达式．并根据该表达式，建立了此类Ｐｏｗ

Potential Power of the Pyramidal Structure III: Discovery of Pyramid Effects with and without Seasonal Variation

Since October 2007, we have been conducting rigorous scientific research on the unexplained “power” of a pyramidal structure (PS). From our research results so far, we could classify the pyramid effects by the PS into the following two types. (i) The pyramid effects in which the PS converted the test subject’s unexplained energy to affect biosensors when the test subject entered the PS and meditated. (ii) The pyramid effects in which the potential power of the PS affected biosensors if the test subject had not been inside the PS for at least 20 days and the test subject’s unexplained energy was excluded. In this paper, we report new results regarding (ii). As a result of dividing a year according to the four seasons of winter, spring, summer, and autumn and analyzing the pyramid effect of each period, the following points were found. 1) There was a pyramid effect without seasonal variation. The pyramid effect on the lower and upper layers was different throughout the year for the biosensors placed at the PS apex in two layers, regardless of the season. 2) There was a pyramid effect with seasonal variation. The value of the psi index, which indicates the magnitude of the pyramid effect, changed as the seasons changed, while different pyramid effects were maintained on the lower and upper layers. Regarding the change in the pyramid effect depending on the season, the psi index in summer was larger than that in winter in both the lower and upper layers. From these results, we found that there are two types of potential power at the PS apex: seasonal potential power and non-seasonal potential power.

Potential Power of the Pyramidal Structure

There have been various traditions and books which describe a so-called “pyramid power”, but there have been almost no reliable academic studies and no statistically significant data about it. We have continued scientifically rigorous experiments using biosensors to elucidate unexplained functions of a pyramidal structure (PS) since 2007. We used edible cucumber sections as biosensors and measured the concentrations of gas emitted from the sections by a technique developed by our group. From them we have demonstrated with high statistical accuracy the existence of the “pyramid power”, which was often recognized as having no scientific basis. We reached two conclusions from the work. 1) The PS converted the unconsciousness of a human (the test subject) more than 6 km away to energy detectable by the biosensors (1% significance). 2) The PS accumulated the influence that a human (the test subject) had when meditating within the PS. Then the PS converted the influence into the energy detectable by the biosensors (10-3% significance). These two conclusions showed that the functions of the PS were detected when “the PS and a human were related”. On the other hand, we hypothesized that the potential power of the PS could be detected even when “the PS and a human were not related”. In this paper, our purpose is to verify the existence of the potential power of the PS alone by experiment when “the PS and a human were not related”. The following three results were obtained by experiment. 1) The presence of the potential power of the PS was demonstrated with 1% significance. 2) The potential power of the PS changed in value between summer and winter, and it was clear that the non-contact effect on the biosensors was larger in summer and smaller in winter. 3) The potential power of the PS affected only the biosensors placed at the PS apex, and did not affect the biosensors placed at the calibration control point 8 m away from the PS. This paper is the first report in the world to show this type of effect by scientific measurements. Our research results may open up a new science field of “pyramid power”, from which we expect further development of fields applying this “pyramid power”.

Potential Power of the Pyramidal Structure II

Research on “pyramid power” began in the late 1930s. To date, many documents on “pyramid power” have been published. We have been conducting scientific research on the unexplained “power” of a pyramidal structure (PS) since October 2007. The research focuses on the detection of a non-contact effect of the unexplained “power” of the PS on biosensors (i.e., edible cucumber sections of Cucumis sativus “white spine type”) placed at the top of the PS. In this paper, in particular, we compared the non-contact effect of upper and lower biosensors placed in two layers on the PS apex, and we analyzed the difference of the non-contact effect due to the difference in the layers. The magnitude of the non-contact effect was represented by the calibrated psi index Ψ(E-CAL) calculated from gas concentrations emitted from the biosensors. A method to determine the presence or absence of the non-contact effect by analyzing the gas concentrations was developed by the International Research Institute (IRI). Ψ(E-CAL), which represents the magnitude of the non-contact effect, was the average value of the respective non-contact effect of the upper and lower biosensors stacked in two layers on the PS apex. We conducted the analysis on the assumption that the non-contact effect on the upper and lower biosensors might be different. Therefore, we considered that upper and lower biosensor calibration was required for Ψ(E-CAL), and we introduced a new calibrated psi index Ψ(E-CAL)Layer. Scientifically rigorous experiments to date have detected Ψ(E-CAL) with statistical significance and have demonstrated potential power of the PS (p = 6.0 × 10-3;Welch’s t-test, two-tails, the following p values are also the Welch’s t-test values). Based on data demonstrating the potential power of the PS, we analyzed the non-contact effects on the upper and lower biosensors of the PS apex. We obtained a surprising result that the non-contact effect on the upper biosensors (farther from the PS) was larger than that on the lower biosensors (closer to the PS) (p = 4.0 × 10-7). This suggested that the characteristic of the potential power of the PS, which is considered to exist near the PS apex, is distinctive. We also found that the non-contact effect due to the potential power of the PS varies with the season, and is large in summer and small in winter. In our discussion, we proposed a model that could theoretically explain the experimental results that the non-contact effect on the upper biosensors at the PS apex is larger than the lower biosensors. In proposing this model, we assumed that there were two different types of potential power at the PS apex and that the biosensors had two different gas-generating reactions. In a simulation using the model, the experimental results were well approximated in which the non-contact effect on the biosensors differs depending on the difference between the upper and lower layers. The results of this paper are the world’s first to prove aspects of the “pyramid power” through scientifically rigorous experiments and analysis. These results will become a new field of science in the future, and their broad applications are expected.

Potential Power of the Pyramidal Structure IV: Discovery of Entanglement Due to Pyramid Effects

Since October 2007, we have been conducting rigorous scientific research on the unexplained “power” of a pyramidal structure (PS). From our research results so far, we could classify pyramid effects by the PS into the following two types: (i) the pyramid effects due to the potential power of the PS and (ii) the pyramid effects due to the influence of the test subject meditating inside the PS. We have been using edible cucumber sections as the biosensors. The pyramid effect existence was clarified by measuring and analyzing the concentration of volatile components released from the biosensors. The biosensors were arranged as a pair: one member of the pair was placed at the PS apex and the other was placed at the calibration control point 8.0 m away from the PS. In this paper, we report a new discovery regarding the type (i) pyramid effects. We discovered a phenomenon considered to be entanglement between the biosensor pairs detecting the pyramid effects. In other words, the biosensors at the PS apex, which were affected by the potential power of the PS, affected the biosensors at the calibration control point. We also confirmed that the effects on the biosensors placed at the calibration control point were not due to the potential power of the PS. Furthermore, we showed that the magnitude of the effect of entanglement changed with the seasons. We expect that our research results will be widely accepted in the future and will become the foundation for a new research field in science, with a wide range of applications.

New Progress of Power Electronic On-Load Tap Changing Distributing Transformer

At present, the widely applied mechanical on-load tap-changer is not suitable for the 10 kV power distribution network. Along with the development of power electronic technology, there has the report on on-load tap changing （OLTC） distributing transformer based on the power electronic technology. In this paper, the analysis on the characteristic of several kinds of non-contacts OLTC distributing transformer was carried on. The result indicates that OLTC distributing transformer based on the solid state relay has the broad applied prospect in the 10 kV medium distribution network.

The Application of Fuzzy Image Recognition in Power System

Electrified railway is an important but disturbing load in power system. In China railway electrification is gaining momentum at the end of this century.The Ministry of Railway has a clear indication that the development trend of railway transportation is the coexistence of internal-combustion engine locomotive and electrified locomotive. Meanwhile it will make strenuous efforts to develop the electrified railWay for the plain land, the main lines and the busy areas of transportation. It is obvious that the importance of electrified railway in railWay transpoftation will be enhanced more and more. It is going to be an important load to power systems all over China. But it is a disturbing load It gives serious harmonics pollution to power system if not properly maintained. This paper describes a new advanced method, fuzzy image recognition technique, to improve the adjustment during maintenance of the supply line so that good contact of the pantograph with the power line is ensured. This case also serves as an example to illustrate how the work on the demand side effectively improves the operation of the power system.

红外探测器芯片高可靠性键合工艺研究

金丝键合工艺广泛应用于红外探测器的封装环节。实验选用25μm金丝,基于正交试验法,根据键合拉力值确定键合的最佳工艺参数。通过优化超声压力、超声功率、超声时间及接触力等工艺参数组合,改善了键合引线的电气连接性能和连接强度,从而提高芯片系统的信号传输质量。提出的引线键合工艺参数组合适用于红外探测芯片的键合。

一种接触网停电检修接地线接地可靠性检测方法

挂接地线是接触网停电检修作业的关键环节,为电力检修提供有效保障。为进一步加强电力检修作业的安全风险管控,针对在接触网停电检修作业时现有检测装置无法检测接地线是否可靠接地的问题,提出一种利用接触线上的残余电荷和感应电压来检测接地线是否可靠接地的方法。建立单线区段和复线区段停电检修挂接地线时的等效电路模型,并将接触线的残余电荷和“V”形天窗检修的感应电压作为等效激励源,对接地线电流进行理论计算;研制基于该文方法的接地线接地状态检测装置,用以判断接地线是否良好接地;通过所搭建的电流发生平台进行实验,并通过LoRa自组网与原有系统通信,在后台远程监测接地线的状态信息。实验结果验证了所提方法的可行性。

磁悬浮列车非接触式供电技术研究进展

磁悬浮非接触式供电是一种将磁悬浮与无线传能相结合的技术,利用地面线圈与车载次级线圈之间的电磁耦合实现电能传输。无论是应用于超导电动悬浮的直线发电机供电系统还是应用于电磁悬浮的感应式功率传输系统,都实现了列车运行时的非接触式供电,避免了接触式供电磨损、噪音以及气候敏感性、运行速度受限等问题。非接触式供电适用于不同类型的磁悬浮系统,有利于磁悬浮技术的进一步商业化发展。为此,重点介绍了磁悬浮非接触式供电的国内外发展状况及其进一步应用面临的挑战。

复杂裂纹涡流检测与评估方法研究

钢轨表面及上表面产生的滚动接触疲劳裂纹通常以斜裂纹或多角度复杂裂纹的形态存在,对其检测和评估是个难题。基于此,采用基于无线能量传输的涡流检测方法(WPT-ECT),设计新的探头结构并结合神经网络算法对裂纹进行检测和评估。首先,有别于现有WPT-ECT方法,采用增大激励频率,而非串并联电容的方式,构造谐振电路;其次,根据复杂裂纹的特点,设计由两个八字形激励线圈和两个矩形接收线圈组成的方向性探头结构;最后,充分提取检测信号的特征,并运用径向基神经网络算法对裂纹进行识别。仿真和实验结果表明,所提出的探头结构对任何角度的缺陷均敏感。同时,RBF算法对斜裂纹、T裂纹、Y裂纹和1.2 mm提离下的T裂纹的识别准确率分别为92.00%、95.27%、96.64%和89.50%。

晶圆搬运小车非接触式供电系统的设计与试验

传统AGV有线供电方式存在布线繁琐、限制移动范围等问题,严重影响了AGV工作效率。文章基于现有非接触式供电技术基础,设计分段式非接触式供电装置,并进行系统测试和验证,发现其用电量仅为无接触式未分块供电系统的58.49%。该设计可为AGV小车的高效、节能的无线供电提供新的思路。

SiC激光退火欧姆接触模拟分析及实验研究

实现高可靠性、低电阻欧姆接触是获得高性能SiC功率半导体器件的前提,其直接决定功率器件的能耗水平。激光退火凭借局域化、温升快、控制灵活、精度高、连续能量输出稳定等优点,成为SiC功率器件的新一代主流退火技术。总结了近年来国内外SiC功率器件激光退火研究进展,详细模拟分析了激光退火原理中光热传输特性,设计了355 nm紫外激光退火实验系统,对Ni/SiC进行了激光退火实验,在激光能量密度为2.55 J/cm^(2)条件下,比接触电阻为9.49×10^(-5)Ω·cm^(2)。研究结果对SiC功率器件激光退火欧姆接触性能提升提供了理论和数据支撑。

基于遗传算法的三相四芯电缆相电流重构方法

目前多芯电缆电流重构方法受限于电缆规格或传感器阵列与线芯需按特定规则摆放导致其在实际工程应用中较为困难。本文提出基于遗传算法进行三相四芯电力电缆线芯分布相关量的求解,进而得到任意线芯分布半径、任意线芯与传感器阵列角度时磁传感器阵列各单元的输出量与各线芯电流之间的耦合系数矩阵的方法,用于重构四芯电缆中各线芯电流。通过仿真验证了算法的可行性。为了能有效降低由于干扰等因素造成的误差,提出了一种先验求解模型以提高解的质量。随后进行了传感单元阵列电路拓扑的设计,使用设计的原型在搭建的实验平台进行了测试,实验结果表明,在三相平衡情况下,测量的三相电流最大误差为2.42%,最大相位误差为2.77°,在三相不平衡情况下,测量的三相电流最大误差为2.52%,最大相位误差为4.17°。实验结果验证了方法的可行性与有效性。

基于送茧小车的煮熟茧输送装置设计

为解决缫丝企业煮熟茧的自动输送问题以及改进送茧小车在输送过程中的安全性、稳定性及能源供给,设计了煮熟茧输送小车和送茧小车的运行机构以及供能方式。将送茧小车固定在工字钢轨道上完成送茧,根据工字钢的“工”形结构,设计钢架卡槽和8轮定位结构以防止送茧小车脱离轨道并保证其运行中的稳定性;运行机构采用电动机驱动齿轮组将动力传递至2个锦纶轮,锦纶轮在与轨道的摩擦力作用下运行,采用滑触线移动供电的方式为送茧小车供能。结果表明:本文设计方案稳定可靠,自动化煮熟茧输送方式可明显提高生丝加工的自动化程度。本文设计可为企业技术改革和茧丝绸行业发展提供有效参考。

隧道内长大坡道区段刚性接触网短电分相设计方案

刚性接触网锚段关节仅有8~12 m,可大幅缩短关节式电分相长度,为解决丽香铁路3处隧道内长大坡道的电分相设计难题,文章通过借鉴柔性接触网关节式电分相设计方案,重点考虑绝缘锚段关节绝缘间隙、锚段热胀冷缩等因素,修正刚性悬挂锚段关节式电分相中性段和无电区长度,并结合工程实际条件,提出刚性接触网短分相设计方案,将电分相长度缩短至23 m,并通过弓网系统动态仿真验证其弓网动态特性可满足速度160 km/h要求。方案实施后,线路动态检测达速160 km/h,刚性接触网短电分段处无明显燃弧现象,各项动态指标满足标准要求。该方案的成功应用对速度120 km/h以上复杂工况线路的接触网电分相设计有重要借鉴意义。

基于磁场反演的三芯电缆电流非接触测量仿真研究

三芯电缆因其敷设工作量小,大量应用于中低压电网线路,三芯电缆的电流检测对于研究电网电能质量具有重要意义。基于磁场的钳形电流传感器具有非接触式传感,操作方便的特点,然而正常稳态运行时三芯电缆三相电流矢量和为零,常规的基于磁场的电流传感器无法对三芯电缆的电流进行测量。因此,提出一种基于磁传感器阵列的三芯电缆电流测量方法,采用COMSOL软件得到三芯电缆周围磁场分布:磁场在周围圆周上呈周期性分布,最大值出现在距离导体最近的位置,磁场幅值受导体距离和电流频率的影响,距离导体越远,电流频率越高,磁场越小。基于该分布,通过磁传感器阵列测量结果反演计算得到三芯电缆的电流,该方法可以准确测量三芯电缆电流的大小,算例误差小于3%,为三芯电缆电流的非接触测量提供了新方法。

橡胶黏弹性对电池包密封件密封性能的影响

动力电池包橡胶密封件密封性是关系到新能源汽车动力系统安全的关键因素之一。橡胶材料是一种典型的黏弹性材料,决定了橡胶密封件在使用过程中会发生应力松弛,进而有可能会导致密封失效。基于橡胶材料单轴压缩以及应力松弛实验,与ABAQUS数值模拟相结合,确定橡胶材料超弹-黏弹本构模型及相关参数,对电池包密封件进行有限元分析。分析结果表明,接触压力和Von-Mises应力随着时间增加出现明显的下降;橡胶材料的黏弹特性对密封性能有显著的影响。