Operation Control Method of Relay Protection in Flexible DC Distribution Network Compatible with Distributed Power Supply

A novel operation control method for relay protection in flexible DC distribution networks with distributed power supply is proposed to address the issue of inaccurate fault location during relay protection,leading to poor performance.The method combines a fault-tolerant fault location method based on long-term and short-term memory networks to accurately locate the fault section.Then,an operation control method for relay protection based on adaptive weight and whale optimization algorithm(WOA)is used to construct an objective function considering the shortest relay protection action time and the smallest impulse current.The adaptive weight and WOA are employed to obtain the optimal strategy for relay protection operation control,reducing the action time and impulse current.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in accurately locating faults and improving relay protection performance.The longest operation time is reduced by 4.7023 s,and the maximum impulse current is limited to 0.3 A,effectively controlling the impact of large impulse currents and enhancing control efficiency.

Application of Control Technology Based on PLC in Power Supply and Distribution System

With the rapid development of China＇s economy, the entire social requires the safety, reliability and automation of power supply and distribution system must be improved. Therefore, extensive application of PLC technology in power supply and distribution system has great significance to ensure normal social life and production, so as to realize the entire national economy sustained and healthy development. This paper briefly introduces the PLC technology, and with practice elaborates the applications of control technology based on PLC in power supply and distribution system fi：om the reform of low-voltage distribution system, automation management and relay protection of power supply and distribution system etc.

A novel fractional uplink power control framework for self-organizing networks

Internet of things and network densification bring significant challenges to uplink management.Only depending on optimization algorithm enhancements is not enough for uplink transmission.To control intercell interference,Fractional Uplink Power Control(FUPC)should be optimized from network-wide perspective,which has to find a better traffic distribution model.Conventionally,traffic distribution is geographic-based,and ineffective due to tricky locating efforts.This paper proposes a novel uplink power management framework for Self-Organizing Networks(SON),which firstly builds up pathloss-based traffic distribution model and then makes the decision of FUPC based on the model.PathLoss-based Traffic Distribution(PLTD)aggregates traffic based on the propagation condition of traffic that is defined as the pathloss between the position generating the traffic and surrounding cells.Simulations show that the improvement in optimization efficiency of FUPC with PLTD can be up to 40%compared to conventional GeoGraphic-based Traffic Distribution(GGTD).

The Optimization Study about Fault Self-Healing Restoration of Power Distribution Network Based on Multi-Agent Technology

In order to quickly and accurately locate the fault location of the distribution network and increase the stability of the distribution network,a fault recovery method based on multi-objective optimization algorithm is proposed.The optimization of the power distribution network fault system based on multiagent technology realizes fast recovery of multi-objective fault,solve the problem of network learning and parameter adjustment in the later stage of particle swarm optimization algorithm falling into the local extreme value dilemma,and realize the multi-dimensional nonlinear optimization of the main grid and the auxiliary grid.The system proposed in this study takes power distribution network as the goal,applies fuzzy probability algorithm,simplifies the calculation process,avoids local extreme value,and finally realizes the energy balance between each power grid.Simulation results show that the Multi-Agent Technology enjoys priority in restoring important load,shortening the recovery time of power grid balance,and reducing the overall line loss rate of power grid.Therefore,the power grid fault self-healing system can improve the safety and stability of the important power grid,and reduce the economic loss rate of the whole power grid.

Distributed Secondary Control and Optimal Power Sharing in Microgrids

We address the control problem of microgrids and present a fully distributed control system which consists of primary controller, secondary controller, and optimal active power sharing controller. Different from the existing control structure in microgrids, all these controllers are implemented as local controllers at each distributed generator. Thus, the requirement for a central controller is obviated. The performance analysis of the proposed control systems is provided, and the finite-time convergence properties for distributed secondary frequency and voltage controllers are achieved. Moreover, the distributed control system possesses the optimal active power sharing property. In the end, a microgrid test system is investigated to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Technological Advancement and Prospects of City Power Network in China

This paper introduces the development of technology and its measures for city power network in China, looks forward to the prospect of development in forthcoming decade and the technical principles to be adopted.

New generation traction power supply system and its key technologies for electrified railways

Unlike the traditional traction power supply system which enables the electrified railway traction sub- station to be connected to power grid in a way of phase rotation, a new generation traction power supply system without phase splits is proposed in this paper. Three key techniques used in this system have been discussed. First, a combined co-phase traction power supply system is applied at traction substations for compensating negative sequence current and eliminating phase splits at exits of substations; design method and procedure for this system are presented. Second, a new bilateral traction power supply technology is proposed to eliminate the phase split at section post and reduce the influence of equalizing current on the power grid. Meanwhile, power factor should be adjusted to ensure a proper voltage level of the traction network. Third, a seg- mental power supply technology of traction network is used to divide the power supply arms into several segments, and the synchronous measurement and control technology is applied to diagnose faults and their locations quickly and accurately. Thus, the fault impact can be limited to a min- imum degree. In addition, the economy and reliability of the new generation traction power supply system are analyzed.

A Clustering-tree Topology Control Based on the Energy Forecast for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

How to design an energy-efficient algorithm to maximize the network lifetime in complicated scenarios is a critical problem for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HWSN). In this paper, a clustering-tree topology control algorithm based on the energy forecast (CTEF) is proposed for saving energy and ensuring network load balancing, while considering the link quality, packet loss rate, etc. In CTEF, the average energy of the network is accurately predicted per round (the lifetime of the network is denoted by rounds) in terms of the difference between the ideal and actual average residual energy using central limit theorem and normal distribution mechanism, simultaneously. On this basis, cluster heads are selected by cost function (including the energy, link quality and packet loss rate) and their distance. The non-cluster heads are determined to join the cluster through the energy, distance and link quality. Furthermore, several non-cluster heads in each cluster are chosen as the relay nodes for transmitting data through multi-hop communication to decrease the load of each cluster-head and prolong the lifetime of the network. The simulation results show the efficiency of CTEF. Compared with low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), energy dissipation forecast and clustering management (EDFCM) and efficient and dynamic clustering scheme (EDCS) protocols, CTEF has longer network lifetime and receives more data packets at base station. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Load Distribution of Base Stations in User-Centric Heterogeneous UDN

In ultra-dense networks(UDN),multiple association can be regarded as a user-centric pattern in which a user can be served by multiple base stations(BSs).The data rate and quality of service can be improved.However,BSs in user-centric paradigm are required to serve more users due to this multiple association scheme.The improvement of system performance may be limited by the improving load of BSs.In this letter,we develope an analytical framework for the load distribution of BSs in heterogeneous user-centric UDN.Based on open loop power control(OLPC),a user-centric scheme is considered in which the clustered serving BSs can provide given signal to interference plus noise ratio(SINR)for any typical user.As for any BS in different tiers,by leveraging stochastic geometry,we derive the Probability Mass Function(PMF)of the number of the served users,the Cumulative Distribution Function(CDF)of total power consumption,and the CDF bounds of downlink sum data rate.The accuracy of the theoretical analysis is validated by numerical simulations,and the effect the system parameters on the load of BSs is also presented.

基于分布式电源主动控制的配电网合环电压波动抑制方法

配电网合环操作可能导致节点电压波动甚至越限,不仅影响负荷的正常运行,还威胁分布式电源(DG)的安全。为此,提出了一种通过DG主动控制,以抑制配电网合环电压波动的新思想。通过分析合环过程中电压波动的产生机理和影响因素,量化了抑制合环过程电压波动的控制需求,进而构建了抑制合环电压波动的DG可行功率集;通过刻画DG的功率可控范围,提出了基于可行功率集与功率可控范围交集判别的DG最优控制点计算方法,并提出了基于DG主动控制的配电网合环电压波动抑制方法。算例表明,该方法能够最大限度上抑制配电网故障恢复过程的合环电压波动,有效提升故障恢复过程的安全性和可靠性。

基于自注意力PPO算法的智能配电网多设备协同无功优化控制策略

针对智能配电网无功可调控资源多样化场景下的快速趋优难题,提出了一种基于多头自注意力近端策略优化算法的多设备协同无功优化控制方法。首先,将无功优化问题建模为马尔可夫决策过程;然后,在深度强化学习框架下使用多头自注意力改进近端策略优化(PPO)算法对策略网络进行优化训练,算法采用多头自注意力网络获取配电网的实时状态特征,并通过剪切策略梯度法动态控制策略网络的更新幅度;最后,在改进IEEE69节点系统进行仿真验证。结果表明,所提算法的控制性能优于现有先进强化学习算法。

高比例分布式可再生能源交直流混合配电网运行调控:科学问题与技术框架

随着分布式可再生能源发电与中低压直流组网技术的快速发展,未来配电网必然向复杂的交直流混合形态演进,其运行调控技术面临许多新的挑战。在高比例分布式可再生能源交直流混合配电网(HR-HDN)运行调控技术发展需求分析的基础上,提炼出HR-HDN运行调控技术的3个科学问题,并以多类型可控设备协同、源-网-荷-储高度互动化和市场化需求为研究主线,从稳定控制、故障主动防御与恢复、电力市场机制辅助调控以及“平台+数据”数字化集成调控4个方面,提出了HR-HDN的运行调控技术框架。最后,对HR-HDN运行调控关键技术的未来发展进行了展望。

基于电压补偿的双端直流配电网电压就地协调控制

双端直流配电网是一种双端电源供电的网络结构,可为直流负荷提供更加稳定和可靠的电源电压。然而,负荷的功率波动和不平衡使线路电压跌落增大,可能导致直流负荷的电压不平衡度和电压偏差指标越限,影响直流负荷的正常运行。文中基于电压源型换流器(VSC)外环电压控制,考虑中线电压补偿,提出基于电压补偿等效模型的直流配电网电压偏差及不平衡度联合抑制策略,实现直流配电网电压就地协调控制。首先,建立双端直流配电网潮流模型,将VSC电压下垂控制引入潮流模型,分析不同控制策略下的电压偏差和不平衡度的特性。其次,在此基础上,以电压最低点为分点获得双端电源供电回路压降的简化等效模型,并利用最小二乘法实现等效阻抗参数辨识,构建双端直流配电网的电压补偿等效模型。以参数辨识结果作为电压外环控制输入,提出考虑中线电压补偿的双端直流配电网电压就地协调控制策略。最后,在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建仿真模型,验证了双端直流配电网潮流模型的正确性和控制策略的有效性。

智能配电控制系统的设计思路

鉴于电力行业日新月异的发展变化,传统的配电控制架构已难以适应现代电网日益增长的复杂形势。因此,智能配电控制系统的诞生尤为必要。文章深入探讨了智能配电控制系统的设计思路,在系统通信方案上,采用先进的EPON光纤通信技术,以确保数据传输的高效和稳定。同时,系统也支持其他多种通信方式接入,如GPRS通信、图像传输等,以适应不同场景的需求。此外,系统还兼容RS485、Canbus等现场总线标准,方便智能传感器的接入和扩展。对于需要更高带宽和稳定性的应用,系统还支持以太网接入技术,以满足更加复杂和多样化的网络通信需求。

基于改进信息最大化生成对抗网络的风光出力场景可控生成方法

基于深度学习的场景生成方法能够自适应挖掘历史数据中高维非线性特征,在风光出力的不确定性建模中得到了广泛应用。然而,基于深度学习的场景生成方法多为黑盒模型,存在可解释性差、生成不可控等问题。为此,提出了一种基于改进信息最大化生成对抗网络(information maximizing generative adversarial nets,Info GAN)的风光出力场景生成方法。该方法在目标函数中增加了基于互信息的正则化项,最大化控制编码与生成场景之间的互信息,无监督学习控制编码与生成场景统计特征的映射关系,并引入Gumbel-Softmax分布提高了生成场景的质量。结合风电场和光伏电站的真实数据进行了算例分析,算例结果表明,所提方法不仅能准确描述风光出力不确定性,而且具有可解释性,能够可控生成指定风光出力场景。

不同控制方法下混合电源对配电网系统电能质量优化分析

目前分布式电源主要有风、光、储等形式,由于风电与光伏发电的波动性和不确定性,使得配电网系统的电能质量下降,如电压不稳定、谐波量过大等。根据风、光、储三种电源的自身特性,选择相应的控制模型,减小配电网系统的谐波量,提高电能质量。风力发电机发电功率随风能的变化而变化,ip-iq控制方法 能准确捕捉风能变化时风力发电机产生的电压高次谐波及负序电流等参量;光伏发电主要是由于电荷的定向移动而形成稳定的电极,实现太阳能电池板发电,电流电压双环控制方法能够灵敏地反映光伏发电时电荷的移动情况,更好地检测光伏发电的实时动态;功率控制方法 则能够及时地反映蓄电池充放电及负载用电情况。通过上述控制方法,以simulink为平台,组建分布式电源系统,分别对配电网系统处于电压稳定、三相电流不平衡以及电压突变、三相电流不平衡两种情况下进行系统仿真,对配电网系统、风力发电系统、光伏发电系统及负载端的总谐波量进行比较。结果表明,根据不同电源特性实施不同的控制方法 ,可以有效降低整体系统的谐波量,提高配电网系统的电能质量。同时还可有效抑制风、光发电系统自身的谐波量,使得风、光发电系统低压穿越能力得以提高,降低弃风弃光现象的产生。

Coordination Control of Power Flow Controller and Hybrid DC Circuit Breaker in MVDC Distribution Networks

The two main challenges of medium voltage direct current(MVDC)distribution network are the flexible control of power flow(PF)and fault protection.In this paper,the power flow controller(PFC)is introduced to regulate the PF and inhibit the fault current during the DC fault.The coordination strategy of series-parallel PFC(SP-PFC)and hybrid DC circuit breaker(DCCB)is proposed.By regulating the polarity and magnitude of SP-PFC output voltage during the fault,the rising speed of fault current can be suppressed so as to reduce the breaking current of hybrid DCCB.The access mode of SP-PFC to the MVDC distribution network and its topology are analyzed,and the coordination strategy between SP-PFC and hybrid DCCB is investigated.Moreover,the emergency control and bypass control strategies of SP-PFC are developed.On this basis,the mathematical model of SP-PFC in different fault stages is derived.With the equivalent model of SP-PFC,the fault current of the MVDC distribution network can be calculated accurately.A simulation model of the MVDC distribution network containing SP-PFC is established in MATLAB/Simulink.The fault current calculation result is compared with the simulation result,and the effectiveness of the proposed coordination strategy is verified.

基于“先无功–后有功”功率补偿的配电网电压协同控制策略

整县分布式光伏电源的大量开发与利用及分布式电源规模化并网对实现“碳达峰、碳中和”与“乡村振兴”两大国家战略具有重要的现实意义。由于分布式电源发电尖峰和低谷阶段与负荷峰谷时常不同步,进而导致配电系统过/欠电压问题,严重影响了电能质量,甚至威胁系统安全。针对上述问题,本文提出一种基于“先无功–后有功”功率补偿的配电网层级式电压协同控制策略。首先,建立基于“先无功–后有功”功率补偿的配电网层级式电压协同控制框架。其次,结合多微电网节点注入电流与电压的方程与功率–电压灵敏度分析,根据多节点电压越限程度,提出一种基于“先无功–后有功”功率补偿的多智能体协同调节策略,该策略先通过无功补偿器进行无功调节,当电压尚未得到有效治理时,再采用多微电网进行有功调节。再次,为了进一步满足各节点微电网有功功率调节需求,并考虑电网内部源–荷–储运行成本与污染排放,提出一种基于多目标优化的微电网内部分布式源–荷–储优化协调功率控制策略。最后,在MATLAB平台中设计了3种仿真场景以及IEEE测试系统模型对所提控制策略进行了验证。结果表明,所提出的电压协同控制方法在最经济的情况下可以实现各节点电压的综合高效治理,同时,所提出的微电网优化协调功率控制策略能使源–荷–储在绿色经济的供电模式下实时精准地满足电压治理目标下微电网有功调节的需求。仿真实验结果验证了本文所提控制策略的有效性。

基于深度学习的配电网三相不平衡负载自动控制方法

常规的配电网三相不平衡负载控制,更多采用负载监测进行控制,导致控制结果的网损降低量较小。为此,提出了基于深度学习的配电网三相不平衡负载自动控制方法。分析配电网三相拓扑结构的电流补偿能力,并计算三相不平衡度及负载率,根据计算结果判定配电网的三相状态,采用深度学习预测三相状态,并根据期望回报计算负载控制的补偿值,实现自动控制。结果表明,应用该方法后得出的控制结果表现出的网损降低量较高,均值为0.376 kW,控制效果较优,满足配电网的现实运行需求。

基于双层网络频率控制的分布式风电并网研究

为研究含通信控制层的双层电网中分布式风电入网位置的选择,电网层采用二阶类Kuramoto模型进行建模,通信控制层收集发电机及其邻居节点信息形成控制信号并调整发电机的频率。根据负荷到原电网发电机节点的平均距离定义了3种并网方式,研究比较了含功率波动的分布式风电并网时最佳的入网位置。研究表明,加入双层网络频率控制可有效提高电网的同步性能和抗扰能力;分布式风电选择离原电网发电机节点平均距离小的负荷并网可提高电网稳定性。