A Miniaturized Broadband Wilkinson Power Divider Using Micro-Strip Branch Lines

A miniaturized broadband Wilkinson power divider is proposed. Micro-strip branch lines are introduced to replace multiple resistors used in multi-stage Wilkinson power dividers to increase the bandwidth of single-stage Wilkinson power dividers. To demonstrate its performance, an improved single-stage Wilkinson power divider with four micro-strip branch lines was designed. Simulated results show that the insert loss is better than 3.2 dB, the input return loss, output return loss, and isolation are better than 15 dB respectively, across a 76% bandwidth from 18 to 40 GHz. .

The Art of Power Dividing:A Review for State-of-the-Art Planar Power Dividers

In this paper,massive state-of-theart planar power dividers are presented and discussed. The innovations of these superiorly-performanced power dividers lie in the performance breakthrough,physical configurations and function integrations. Eventually,based on the trend presented,the future of the power dividers is predicted. This paper might have inspiration significance to illuminate the way for the development of power dividers.

Compact UWB Power Divider, Analysis and Design

In this paper, two ultra-wide band power dividers are introduced. Compact equal power divider is considered firstly where an extended transmission lines and double open stubs are used in order to increase the bandwidth. Secondly, an unequal UWB power divider is introduced where multi-stage impedance is used. The proposed power dividers are fabricated and measured. The overall sizes of the proposed power dividers are 11.37 × 17.87 mm2 for the equal one and 12.13 × 29.03 mm2 for the unequal power divider. The simulated results are compared with the measured results and good agreement is obtained.

Science Letters:A power divider based on a new kind of composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH TL) unit

A new power divider, composed of a novel composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) unit, is proposed. The properties of the power divider based on four CRLH TL unit cells are investigated theoretically. By adjusting the parameters of the capacitors and the inductors, the power divider shows perfectly symmetric power division at 5.13 GHz, return loss up to ?24 dB, with the transmitted power being close to ?3.1 dB. The phenomena are demonstrated by simulation results. Being compact in size and low-cost, the proposed power divider is very suitable for microwave and millimeter wave integrated circuits.

A new type of Wilkinson dual-frequency power divider with symmetrical transmission line stubs

To realize equal power splitting at two arbitrary gigahertz-frequencies, this paper presents a new type of Wilkinson dual frequency power divider, consisting of three-section transmission lines and a series RLC(resistor, inductor and capacitor)circuit. By equating the [ABCD] matrix of the proposed circuit to that of the quarter-wave impedance transformer, coupled with even/odd mode analyses, the design equations of the proposed network are derived. For verification, two dual-frequency power dividers with dual-band operating frequencies at 0.6 GHz and 3.0 GHz, and 3.8 GHz and 10 GHz respectively are designed and simulated. Simulation results show that the dual-band ratio of the proposed power divider can be as large as 5. Comparisons of the simulation results at X-band and S-band with different power dividers indicate that the proposed dual-band power divider performs better under the scenario of the upper operating frequency extending to X-band.

Property uniformity of thick nickel-based alloy plate for nuclear power steam-generator divider plate

This paper introduces a thick 690 nickel-based alloy plate produced by the former Baosteel Special Steel Co.,Ltd.used as the steam-generator divider plate in the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant.According to the product characteristics and design requirements of the thick nickel-based alloy plate,multidimensional sampling and testing were conducted to investigate its microstructure and mechanical properties.The results show that all the property indexes of the thick hot-rolled nickel-based alloy plate meet the design requirements,and there is good uniformity in the microstructure and mechanical properties in different dimensions.These findings indicate that China has mastered the core manufacturing technology of thick nickel-based alloy plates for their use as divider plates in nuclear power steam generators.

Numerical investigation of granular mixing in an intensive mixer:Effect of process and structural parameters on mixing performance and power consumption

Discrete element method(DEM)simulations of particle mixing process in an intensive mixer were conducted to study the influence of structural and process parameters on the mixing performance and power consumption.The DEM model was verified by comparing the impeller torque obtained from simulation with that from experiment.Impeller and vessel torque,coordination number(CN)and mixing index(Relative standard deviation)were adopted to qualify the particle dynamics and mixing performance with different parameters.A method based on cubic polynomial fitting was proposed to determine the critical mixing time and critical specific input work during the mixing process.It is found that the mixing performance and energy efficiency increases with the decrease of impeller offset.The mixing performance is improved slightly with the increase of blade number and the impeller with 3 blades has the highest energy efficiency due to its low input torque.Results indicate that the energy efficiency and the mixing performance increase with the decrease of filling level when the height of granular bed is higher than that of blade.

Synergistic and interference effects in coaxial mixers: Numerical analysis of the power consumption

This paper is concerned with the design and application of coaxial mixers with the aid of analysis of interaction between each individual impeller. Two types of coaxial mixers pitched blade turbine(PBT)-helical ribbon(HR)and inner-outer HR operated in laminar regime were studied experimentally and numerically. The interaction implies synergistic and interference effects, which was revealed through the investigation of axial circulation rate, energy dissipation rate and power consumption. The influence factors including rotational speed ratio,rotating mode and impeller configuration were explored systematically. Quantitative analysis of power consumption involves three parameters: rate of variation in power consumption, interactive mode and ratio of power consumption. Analysis indicated that some important properties were embodied in the power curve.These properties are one-way and two-way interactions, critical speed ratio and dominant impeller. Finally, a new suggestion for power estimation was given.

A low power quadrature up-conversion mixer for WSN application

This paper presents an up-conversion mixer for 2.4GHz wireless sensor networks in 0.18μm RF complementary metal-oxide semiconductor(CMOS)technology.It is based on a double-balanced Gilbert cell type.With two Gilbert cells it was applied quadrature modulation.Operational amplifiers are used in this design to improve the conversion gain under low power consumption.The mixer design is based on 0.18μm RF CMOS process.And the mixer test results indicate that under 1.8V power supply,with input frequency 2.4-2.4835GHz,the conversion voltage gain is 1.2-2dB.When the output frequency is 2.4GHz,its power gain is-4.46dB,and its input referred 1 dB compression point is-11.5dBm and it consumes 1.77mA current.

Kenics型静态混合器中幂律流体与颗粒混合过程分析

针对Kenics型静态混合器内固体颗粒在幂律流体中的孤岛现象的产生机理进行研究。运用Fluent数值模拟固相颗粒与CMC水溶液在Kenics静态混合器中的混合过程,并利用浓度变异系数(COV)对颗粒分布特性进行量化分析。研究表明:提高流体表观黏度和流体入口速度,颗粒停留时间缩短,COV值降低,混合效果提高。在第4~8个扭旋叶片中间截面上均形成了两对对称的无粒子孤岛,降低流体表观黏度和提高流体入口速度,孤岛边界更清晰。扭旋叶片诱导的内流涡旋和近壁面涡旋有较高的涡量,涡旋中心局域形成无粒子孤岛,相邻叶片交错区域,随着涡旋耗散孤岛消失。

弥合教育数字鸿沟——美国《国家教育技术规划(NETP 2024)》报告要点与思考

2024年1月,美国教育部发布第七版《国家教育技术规划(NETP 2024)》,从教育数字资源访问、数字教育教学设计和教育数字化使用领域等角度,提出了数字访问、设计和使用三种教育数字鸿沟,呼吁采取行动,为支持学习技术的获取、设计和使用的不平等建立系统解决方案。了解该规划有助于厘清教育数字化转型中存在的数字鸿沟,为学习者和教育者提供公平获取教育技术的机会。文章采用内容分析法和比较分析法,阐述美国发布该规划的背景和目的,比较了七版规划的差异,分析和勾勒规划的侧重点,并从技术整合视角论述了教育数字化转型中存在的数字鸿沟及其缓解策略,最后从教育强国建设视角反思了该规划对我国教育技术发展规划的启示,以期为加速教育数字化转型,加快建设教育强国提供参考。

声共振混合器高黏度流体混合的功耗特性研究

声共振混合利用机械共振产生高加速度振动,从而促进流体流动,其功耗特性对于其设计及应用具有重要作用。为研究声共振混合器的功耗特性,基于CFD建立了声共振混合过程仿真模型,分析了高黏度流体声共振混合过程壁面对物料的作用力和做功功率,探究了黏度和振动参数改变对混合器功耗特性的影响,并建立了声共振混合器混合功率的预测函数。研究结果表明,在混合过程中,壁面对液相做功的瞬时功率呈现先减少后稳定波动的趋势,而有效功率呈现先增加后稳定波动的趋势,这种不同的变化趋势是由于两者的相位差发生变化所导致的。增加振幅、频率或等加速度下低频大振幅都能够增加瞬时功率和有效功率,并减少液相进入稳定流动阶段所需吸收的外界能量。

基于环形多模谐振器的双频滤波功分器设计

本文设计了一种基于环形多模谐振器的零点可控双频滤波功分器。通过微扰加载,实现双频滤波器功能;利用枝节加载,提高了带宽和带外选择性;采用融合设计方法,将该滤波器与功分器进行集成,完成双频滤波功分器设计;通过在输出端口间引入电阻,提高端口间隔离度。为了验证设计的正确性,设计、加工和测试了该功分器,实测结果和仿真结果基本吻合,当功分器S_(11)<-10 dB时,工作频段分别为2.14~2.52 GHz和4.54~4.84 GHz,端口间隔离度最大达到45 dB。

基于阶梯阻抗谐振器的双频宽带滤波功分器

为了更好地满足无线通信系统对多功能、多频段射频前端器件的要求,提出了一种基于阶梯阻抗谐振器的双频宽带滤波功率分配器。首先,使用单个T形谐振器实现双频滤波单元,同时采用阶梯阻抗技术引入了单独可调的高次模用于展宽双频功分器的高频通带带宽;其次,利用枝节加载技术实现额外谐振模式的引入,展宽了双频滤波功分器低频通带带宽;为了实现小型化设计,对部分微带线进行弯折,使得整个电路结构更加紧凑。此外,利用T形谐振器自身的滤波特性和在微带馈线上加载的开路枝节,在带外产生四个可控的传输零点,提高了通带外选择性;通过在微带馈线上加载扇形枝节和在输出端口引入隔离电阻,有效改善了滤波功分器的带内阻抗匹配效果和隔离度。为了进一步验证,对所提出的滤波功分器进行了加工和测试。该滤波功分器的中心频率为2.83 GHz和4.87 GHz,相对带宽分别为10.6%和11.7%,通带隔离度均大于14.5 dB。测试和仿真结果基本一致。

基于慢波基片集成波导的小型化移相功分器

针对移相器和功分器的功能融合设计,提出了一种基于慢波基片集成波导(Slow-Wave Substrate Integrated Waveguide,SW-SIW)的小型化移相功分器,两个输出分支等长带宽,可实现30°相移量.其中一个输出分支通过基片集成波导(Substrate Integrated Waveguide,SIW)实现,而另一个输出分支将互补开口谐振环(Complementary SplitRing Resonator,CSRR)加载在上层金属表面,代替传统SIW连续的金属表面,该CSRR由经典CSRR结构演变而来,同时为了降低由CSRR加载所造成的相位上的不稳定,在CSRR内部添加金属化通孔,实现SW-SIW,使得截止频率和相速度降低.测试结果表明,移相功分器在9.0~11.8 GHz频带范围内反射系数|S11|小于-10 d B,相对工作带宽为26.9%,插入损耗小于1.3 d B.两个输出端口的相位差稳定在30°±3°,幅度差小于1.4 d B,实现了等功率分配.所设计的移相功分器具有较小的尺寸和低制造成本,适合应用在相控阵天线中.

高增益低旁瓣宽扇形波束脊形波导缝隙天线阵列设计

提出了一种具有高增益低副瓣的脊形波导缝隙阵列天线,中心工作频率为24.125 GHz,其包括一个八路馈电网络和一个尺寸为400 mm×65 mm的8×40辐射缝隙。通过波束合成方法提取天线阵列的期望激励分布,采用截止模式功率分配器灵活控制功率比。使用三维电磁仿真软件HFSS综合仿真计算,在中心频率处,获得仰角平面上的旁瓣电平(sidelobe level,SLL)和半功率波束宽度(half power beam width,HPBW)分别为-20.9 dB和54.5°、方位角平面上的SLL和HPBW分别为-27.8 dB和2.5°、峰值增益为23.2 dBi,仿真结果与理论分析一致。此天线可以同时实现低旁瓣的宽扇形波束,覆盖较宽的检测范围,并减轻来自其他方向的干扰,具有应用于空中探测、反无人机、气象雷达和成像雷达的潜力。

基于GaAs工艺的片上宽带功率分配器

提出了一种基于砷化镓—集成无源器件(GaAs-IPD)工艺的宽带3dB功率分配器。使用多节级联以及集总参数等效的方法,实现了宽带小型化设计;使用RC串联隔离网络实现宽带内的高隔离性能。对提出的功分器进行了理论分析,并以20GHz为中心频率完成设计,电路尺寸为0.04λ0×0.053λ0,λ0为中心频率处的自由空间波长。经过测试,其相对工作带宽为80%,带内插损0.7dB,端口隔离高于20dB。测试结果与仿真结果保持了良好的一致性。

一种基于脊间隙波导的宽频带馈电线源设计

设计了以脊间隙波导(RGW)功分网络为基本结构的宽频带馈电线源,该线源可用以激励平行板波导中的准TEM模式波,并用作宽带连续横向枝节(CTS)天线的馈电结构。首先对RGW阻带和单模带宽特性进行分析,以确定RGW的结构参数;进一步研究了宽带1分2功分器的设计方法、RGW模式到平行板波导模式的过渡结构方案;借助多级阻抗匹配和感性金属柱加载技术,实现了低反射等功率分配,以及输出端口到平行板波导的宽带匹配;最后将各分级结构级联得到1分8 RGW网络线源。对宽频带馈电线源进行了样机加工、装配和测试,在12 GHz~22 GHz频率范围内,其反射系数低于-15 dB,实测方向图与等幅同相均匀线源方向图吻合度很高,证明该馈电线源幅相一致性优异,是一种高效率的CTS天线馈电线源。

一种基于低温共烧陶瓷技术的一分二功率分配器设计方法

从小型化的要求出发,提出一种一分二等分功率分配器设计方法。以Wilkinson功率分配器结构为基础,将传统功率分配器中的直线型传输线改为螺旋线型传输线。采用低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)技术进行小型化功率分配器设计,建模时利用立体叠层结构对功率分配器内部的传输线进行布局,内部不同金属层之间使用垂直通孔连接,使得该功率分配器尺寸与传统平面结构功率分配器相比大幅减小。在HFSS软件中完成三维模型建立与电磁仿真,并对设计完成的功率分配器进行加工测试,最终得到该功率分配器回波损耗优于19 dB,插入损耗优于3.5 dB,中心频率2.8 GHz处隔离度优于35 dB,具有较好的隔离度,满足一分二等分功率分配器的性能要求,并且LTCC功率分配器尺寸仅3.18 mm×1.58 mm×0.911 mm。