Experimental study of weld position detection based on keyhole infrared image during high power fiber laser welding

Keyhole is one of the important phenomena in high-power laser welding process. By studying the keyhole characteristic and detecting the seam offset during high-power fiber laser welding, an infrared sensitive high-speed camera arranged off-axis orientation of laser beam was applied to capture the dynamic thermal images of a molten pool. The 304 austenitic stainless steel plate butt joint welding experiment with laser power 10 kW was carried out. Through analyzing the keyhole infrared image, the weld position was calculated. Least squares method was used to determine the actual weld position. Image filtering technique was used to process the keyhole image, and the keyhole centroid coordinate were calculated. Also, least squares method was used to fit the keyhole centroid curve equation and establish a nonlinear continuous model which described the deviation between keyhole centroid and weld seam. The heat accumulation effect affected by the infrared radiation was analyzed to determine whether the laser beam focus spot deviated from the desired welding seam. Experimental results showed that the keyhole centroid has related to the seam offset, and can reflect the welding quality.

Numerical simulation of the molten pool character in high power fiber laser welding

A mathematical model was developed to describe moving laser welding by using the rotary Gauss body heat source model, and the effect of recoil pressure was taken into account. The formation of the long and narrow pool in high power fiber laser welding can be explained by the mathematical model （laser power： 10 kW, welding speed： 4 -20 m/min）. Numerical simulation was conducted by PHOENICS software. The results show that at high welding velocity the plasma accelerated the velocity of liquid metal around the keyhole which is the main reason for the formation of the long and narrow molten pool in high power laser welding.

Efficient loading of ultracold sodium atoms in an optical dipole trap from a high power fiber laser

We report on a research of the loading of ultracold sodium atoms in an optical dipole trap,generated by two beams from a high power fiber laser.The effects of optical trap light power on atomic number,temperature and phase space density are experimentally investigated.A simple theory is proposed and it is in good accordance with the experimental results of the loaded atomic numbers.In a general estimation,an optimal value for each beam with a power of 9 W from the fiber laser is achieved.Our results provide a further understanding of the loading process of optical dipole trap and laid the foundation for generation of a sodium Bose–Einstein condensation with an optical dipole trap.

Thermal expanded core technique applied to high power fiber mode field adapter

A mode field adapter （MFA） fabricated by the thermal expanded core （TEC） technique is investigated. Firstly, the mode field characteristics of the TEC large mode area fiber （LMAF） are analyzed. Compared with the single-mode fiber （SMF）, the mode field diameter of the LMAF enlarged slower than that of the SMF. Secondly, the mode field characteristics of the different fibers with TEC treatment are discussed. Thirdly, the transmission efficiency of the MFA fabricated by the SMF and LMAF is also investigated. Finally, we used the 6/125 μm SMF and 15/130 μm LMAF to fabricate an MFA with transmission efficiency of 92% and the handling power as high as 100 W.

Powerful 2 μm Silica Fiber Sources: A Review of Recent Progress and Prospects

A review on the progress of powerful 2 μm silica fiber sources in past decades is presented. We review the state-of-the-art records and representative achievements of 2 μm high-average-power continuous- wave, pulsed fiber lasers and amplifiers, and powerful superfluorescent sources. Challenges which limit the further power scaling of 2 μm silica fiber sources are discussed, including pumping brightness limitation, thermal problem and nonlinear effects. Potential and promising roadmaps to go beyond these limitations, like tandem pumping and beam combining, are discussed. Prospects of powerful 2 μm silica fiber sources are also presented in the end of paper.

Study and design of cladding power stripper for high power fiber laser systems

Heat handling has been a significant problem of the high power fiber laser systems as the output power increases rapidly.Cladding power stripper(CPS) which is used to deal with the unwanted optical power and light is required for higher cooling ability. So the methods of stripping the unwanted light attracted much attention recently, and the thermal effect is given. However, few investigations focus on the dissipation of the heat converted from the unwanted light. In this paper,an approach of active cooling for CPS is demonstrated. This is achieved by using microchannel cooling technology in heat sinking in CPS to improve the efficiency of heat exchange. In order to explain the mechanism of CPS the function of it and consistence of categories of the unwanted light are detailed firstly. Then microchannel heat sinking is proposed and verified by the heat exchange theory. At last, the design of the CPS with microchannel heat sinking is shown and following experiment is conducted. The final temperature of the device with 1000 W cladding power was demonstrated at last to verify the ability of heat distribution of the CPS component. This suggests that these CPSs can be used to stripe a thousand of watts of light in high power double cladding fiber lasers.

Research on multi-kilowatts level tapered fiber bundle N × 1 pumping combiner for high power fiber laser

抽 combiner 是高力量纤维激光(HPFL ) 的一个核部件。我们表明逐渐变细的纤维捆(TFB ) 的二种类型对联合抽激光的多千瓦能的抽结束的 combiner。在联合性能的试验性的测试以后， 3？？

Fabrication of Tm-Doped Fibers for High Power and 121W Output All-Fiber Tm-Doped Fiber Laser

We fabricate the Tm-doped double cladding silica fiber by using the vapor-solution hybrid-doping method, then build up an all-fiber Tin-doped fiber laser which can provide the output power of up to 121 W, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 51% and an optical-optical efficiency of 48%. By using the domestic Tin-doped fiber, it is the first time a hundred-watt level output at 1915nm has been achieved, to the best of our knowledge. The thermal effect of Tm-doped fiber laser is also analyzed.

400 μm stripe lasers for high-power fiber coupled pump modules

We present a 940 nm quasi-continuous wave semiconductor laser designed as a building block for high-power fiber coupled pump modules.The laser comprises a 400μm narrow-stripe array mounted on an aluminum nitride substrate using hard solder.The chip has been optimized for high optical power and low lateral far-field angles.Two vertical and six lateral structure variations have been investigated to determine the best achievable performance.Operating at 1 ms pulse width and a repetition rate of 10 Hz,the laser device reaches a maximum pulse power of 86 W from a 400μm aperture and more than 62%maximum conversion efficiency.Low lateral far-field angles(95%power enclosed)of11.5 and 13.5,depending on the epitaxial design,enable efficient multimode fiber coupling.The potential for highly reliable applications has been demonstrated.

An Effective Thermal Splicing Method to Join Fluoride and Silica Fibers for a High Power Regime

A repeatable and simple thermal splicing method for low loss splice between fluoride and silica fibers is presented. The minimum splicing loss of 0.58 dB is achieved experimentally with this approach, Meanwhile, the power capacity of this splicing joint is also tested with a high power fiber laser. The maximum input power is up to 15 W, only limited by the available power of the laser source. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on thermal splicing between fluoride and silica fibers operating in a high power regime without any complicated ion-assisted deposition process.

Power Tapping Function in Near Infra-Red Region Based on 45°Tilted Fiber Gratings

We report an efficient power tapping device working in near infra-red (800 nm) wavelength region based on UV-in- scribed 45° tilted fiber grating (45°-TFG) structure. Five 45°-TFGs were UV-inscribed in hydrogenated PS750 fiber using a custom-designed phase mask with different grating lengths of 3 mm, 5 mm, 9 mm, 12 mm and 15 mm, showing polarization dependent losses (PDLs) of 1 dB, 3 dB, 7 dB, 10 dB and 13 dB, respectively. The power side-tapping efficiency is clearly depending on the grating strength. It has been identified that the power tapping efficiency increases with the grating strength and deceases along the grating length. The side-tapped power profile has also been examined in azimuthal direction, showing a near-Gaussian distribution. These experimental results clearly demonstrated that 45°- TFGs may be used as in-fiber power tapping devices for applications requiring in-line signal monitoring.

Amplified Spontaneous Emission in Single Frequency Double-Clad Fiber Power Amplifiers

Amplified spontaneous emission （ASE） in diode laser pumped double-clad fiber power amplifiers is studied experimentally, The dependences of ASE on fiber length and cross section of active core are discussed and the variations of ASE power as the function of pumping and signal power are investigated. There are indications that long fibers with large mode area need stronger input signals to suppress ASE. It is shown that a 150 mW input signal can suppress the ASE by 40 dB in a 4 m large mode area fiber, while to efficiently suppress the ASE in a 10 m fiber, stronger input signal is needed. 12.5 W and 16.1 W single frequency CW output power are obtained from 4 m fiber and 10 m fiber respectively. No stimulated Brillouin scattering （SBS） was observed

High-frequency fused high-voltage arc tapering process power supply for of fiber

The performance of the optical fiber coupler prepared with fused biconical taper method is determined by the quality of fused stretching. Besides, the stable high-temperature heat source is the essential guarantee for fused stretching process to go smoothly. The way of using AC （alternating current） arc as the heat source is proposed in this article. In addition, the paper also introduces high-frequency high-voltage power supply with the characteristics of constant current and restricted voltage, which is composed of preceding voltage regulation part and following inverter.

Analytical Expression of the Threshold Pump Power of Erbium－doped Fiber Lasers Pumped at 980nm and 1480nm Wavelengths

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High conversion efficiency, high power density Q-switched fiber laser

An acoustic-optic Q-switched all-fiber laser With a high-repetition-rate, a short pulse width, a wide spectrum, and a high conversion efficiency is experimentally demonstrated. In the laser configuration, a （1＋1）x 1 side-pumping coupler is introduced to perform backward pumping, and a 10/130%tm Yb fiber is adopted. The acoustic-optic component operates in the first direction, achieving a Q-switched pulse with a repetition rate adjustable in the range of 20 kHz-80 kHz. Under a repetition rate of 20 kHz and a pump power of 6.76 W, the fiber laser obtains a highly efficient and stable pulse output, with an average power of 4.3 W, a pulse width of 56 ns, a peak power of 3.83 kW, and a power density of 1.39x 101~ W/cm2. Particularly, the optic-optic conversion efficiency of the laser reaches as high as 64%. Another feature of the pulsed laser is that the high reflection mirror reflects the pump light as well, which brings the secondary absorption of the pump power into the gain fiber.

面向可穿戴电子产品的自供能摩擦电纺织品研究进展

伴随着人们对智能穿戴的需求日益增加,为解决可穿戴电子产品的供能问题,各种能源转化技术接连涌现,摩擦电纺织品凭借其在低频机械能收集和自驱动传感器等方面的优异表现脱颖而出,成为能源织物领域的佼佼者。为提高摩擦电纺织品的能量转换效率与舒适自然的穿戴感,基于摩擦电技术的理论,探讨了接触起电的物理机制,从材料、结构、运行模式以及功能性等角度出发,总结了纱线基摩擦纳米发电机、织物基摩擦纳米发电机与非织造布基摩擦纳米发电机的发展历程,综述了摩擦电纤维在柔性传感、电子皮肤、智能机器人、交互式设备等领域的应用情况,指出目前摩擦电纺织品所面临的挑战以及未来的机遇,以期为摩擦电技术与传统纺织业的高值化结合提供一些理论参考。

基于光纤通信技术的电力系统远程监测与控制研究

随着电网规模的扩大和运行复杂性的增加,传统铜缆通信系统在处理大规模数据时存在局限性。光纤通信凭借高速、大容量和强大的抗干扰能力等独特优势,为电力系统的远程监测与控制提供了新的解决方案。光纤通信技术可提高数据处理和传输效率,增强电网动态变化的实时响应能力,为电力系统的稳定运行提供坚实的技术支撑。文章探讨了基于光纤通信技术的电力系统远程监测与控制的结构,对比分析传统方法与基于光纤通信技术的方法。实验测试结果表明,基于光纤通信技术的方法在信噪比、带宽利用率、响应时间、数据准确性、故障检测时间以及系统稳定性等关键指标方面均有良好表现,推动了电力系统远程监测与控制的发展。

光子带隙光纤背向散射次波建模及实验验证

光子带隙光纤有着独特的结构形式、传输介质和导光机制,这使其具有传统光纤无法比拟的优点,是未来光纤陀螺的理想选择。但光子带隙光纤粗糙的纤芯内壁导致其产生强烈的背向散射次波,会使光子带隙光纤陀螺产生额外的非互易误差。为了定量分析光子带隙光纤背向散射次波强度大小,论文基于电偶极子辐射理论建立了一种简单的光子带隙光纤背向散射次波理论模型。通过聚焦离子束微纳加工法和原子力显微镜测量得到了准确的纤芯内壁表面形貌功率谱密度,进而计算得到HC-1550-02型光子带隙光纤背向散射系数理论值为2.61×10^(-9)/mm。通过光频域背向反射散射仪得到HC-1550-02型光子带隙光纤背向散射系数测量值为~1.82×10^(-9)/mm,初步验证了背向散射次波模型的正确性,为背向散射次波抑制技术研究奠定了基础。

基于直线型Sagnac的光纤周界安防系统设计

变电站安防系统的建设对保证整个电力系统安全运行有着重要作用,为了推进变电站无人值守化的进程,提高电力系统供电的可靠性,设计了一种基于直线型Sagnac的光纤周界安防系统,并对光纤振动信号的检测方法进行了详细论证,提出了基于多域特征的动态阈值端点检测算法,从时域、频域和小波域提取振动信号的特征进行判断,实时更新特征阈值,通过三级判定算法提高系统对入侵事件的检测效果.将光纤安防系统与视屏监控系统、微信报警系统和声光报警系统结合,可对无人值守的变电站进行全天候、多技术手段融合的立体防护.

基于数据驱动的电力光纤通信网脆弱节点动态挖掘

电力光纤通信网络脆弱节点受到外界影响或系统干扰时,会导致线路元件的相继故障,缩减网络的使用寿命,为此提出基于数据驱动的电力光纤通信网络脆弱节点动态挖掘方法。首先在大数据环境下剔除网络中的冗余节点,并根据剔除结果交换节点信息,确定通信网络脆弱节点位置连接后,获取通信网络的异常范围;再依据划分出的通信异常范围提取该区域中的节点脆弱性能特征,建立脆弱节点挖掘模型;最后依据该模型挖掘出通信网络中的脆弱节点,实现电力光纤通信网络脆弱节点动态挖掘。实验结果表明,利用该方法开展通信网络脆弱节点挖掘时,节点挖掘精度平均值为98%,网络传输时延最小值为19 ms,节点挖掘消耗时间为0.42 s,节点覆盖程度为96.88%,通信网络脆弱节点挖掘性能较好。