Effect of power parameter and induction coil on magnetic field in cold crucible during continuous melting and directional solidification

Bottomless electromagnetic cold crucible is a new apparatus for continuous melting and directional solidification;however,improving its power efficiency and optimizing the configuration are important for experiment and production.In this study,a 3-D finite element (FE) method based on experimental verification was applied to calculate the magnetic flux density (Bz).The effects of the power parameters and the induction coil on the magnetic field distribution in the cold crucible were investigated.The results show that higher current intensity and lower frequency are beneficial to the increase of Bz at both the segment midpoint and the slit location.The induction coil with racetrack section can induce greater Bz,and a larger gap between the induction coil and the shield ring increases Bz.The mechanism for this effect is also discussed.

Association between Childhood Leukaemia and Exposure to Power-frequency Magnetic Fields in Middle Europe

Abstract Objective Higher levels of exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields （ELF-MF） are associated with a slightly increased risk of childhood leukaemia. Compared with more-developed Western countries, higher exposure levels are evident in the Czech Republic, probably because of the different types of housing. In light of this, we aimed to examine the association between ELF-MF exposure and childhood leukaemia in the Czech Republic. Methods We conducted a paired case-control study. The cases （children with leukaemia） were age- sex- and permanent residence-matched to controls （children without leukaemia）. Although this limited potential bias and confounding, it also limited our number of participants. Results The matched analyses included 79 case-control pairs. No significant association between ELF-MF exposure and childhood leukaemia was observed for exposures over 0.2 μT （odds ratio [0R]=0.93, confidence interval [Cl]=0.45-1.93）, 0.3 μT （0R=0.77, Cl=0.34-1.75）, or 0.4 μT （OR=0.9, Cl=0.37-2.22）. Conclusion Despite higher levels of exposure in Middle and Eastern Europe, no indication of an association between ELF-MF exposure and childhood leukaemia was determined. This in contrast to the findings of previous studies conducted in different countries.

Transient multi-physics behavior of an insert high temperature superconducting no-insulation coil in hybrid superconducting magnets with inductive coupling

A transient multi-physics model incorporated with an electromagneto-thermomechanical coupling is developed to capture the multi-field behavior of a single-pancake(SP)insert no-insulation(NI)coil in a hybrid magnet during the charging and discharging processes.The coupled problem is resolved by means of the finite element method(FEM)for the magneto-thermo-elastic behaviors and the Runge-Kutta method for the transient responses of the electrical circuits of the hybrid superconducting magnet system.The results reveal that the transient multi-physics responses of the insert NI coil primarily depend on the charging/discharging procedure of the hybrid magnet.Moreover,a reverse azimuthal current and a compressive hoop stress are induced in the insert NI coil during the charging process,while a forward azimuthal current and a tensile hoop stress are observed during the discharging process.The induced voltages in the insert NI coil can drive the currents flowing across the radial turns where the contact resistance exists.Therefore,it brings forth significant Joule heat,causing a temperature rise and a uniform distribution of this heat in the coil turns.Accordingly,a thermally/mechanically unstable or quenching event may be encountered when a high operating current is flowing in the insert NI coil.It is numerically predicted that a quick charging will induce a compressive hoop stress which may bring a risk of buckling instability in the coil,while a discharging will not.The simulations provide an insight of hybrid superconducting magnets under transient start-up or shutdown phases which are inevitably encountered in practical applications.

A Consideration on Increasing Current Density in Normal Conducting Toroidal Field Coil for Spherical Tokamak Power Plant

The center post is the most critical component as an inboard part of the toroidal field coil for the low aspect ratio tokamak. During the discharge it endures not only a tremendous ohmic heating owing to its carrying a rather high current but also a large nuclear heating and irradiation owing to the plasma operation. All the severe operating conditions, including the structure stress intensity and the stability of the structure, largely limit the maximum allowable current density. But in order to contain a very high dense plasma, it is hoped that the fusion power plant system can operate with a much high maximum magnetic field BT ≥12 T-15 T in the center post. A new method is presented in this paper to improve the maximum magnetic field up to 17 T and to investigate the possibility of the normal conducting center post to be used in the future fusion tokamak power plant.

Analysis of temperature field for a surface-mounted and interior permanent magnet synchronous motor adopting magnetic-thermal coupling method

Aiming at obtaining high power density of surface-mounted and interior permanent magnet synchronous motor(SIPMSM),it is important to accurately calculate the temperature field distribution of SIPMSM,and a magnetic-thermal coupling method is proposed.The magnetic-thermal coupling mechanism is analyzed.The thermal network model and finite element model are built by this method,respectively.The effects of power frequency on iron losses and temperature fields are analyzed by the magnetic-thermal coupling finite element model under the condition of rated load,and the relationship between the load and temperature field is researched under the condition of the synchronous speed.In addition,the equivalent thermal network model is used to verify the magnetic-thermal coupling method.Then the temperatures of various nodes are obtained.The results show that there are advantages in both computational efficiency and accuracy for the proposed coupling method,which can be applied to other permanent magnet motors with complex structures.

基于磁心与线圈参数优化的非侵入式磁场取能系统功率密度提升方法

非侵入式磁场取能系统具有结构简单、供电稳定等优点,是解决变电站母排环境中状态监测传感器电池供电寿命有限的有效手段,但因功率密度较低制约了其应用。对于非侵入式磁场取能系统,磁心与线圈参数对其功率密度的影响非常显著。然而,现有方法对磁心与线圈参数的分析相对独立,优化磁心时仅以互感为指标,忽略了该过程线圈参数变化对功率密度的影响。对此,该文考虑磁心尺寸对线圈参数的影响,以功率密度为指标,详细分析线圈匝数、线圈线径、磁柱侧面边长与叠片厚度对系统功率密度的影响。并在此基础上,提出一种优化磁心与线圈参数的功率密度提升方法,即设计线圈匝数、线圈线径、磁柱侧面边长与叠片厚度的最优值,以获取更高的功率密度。最后,基于所提出的方法制作了系统样机并进行测试。实验结果表明,对于限定磁心尺寸为30 mm×30 mm×40 mm的系统,在100 A母排电流下,系统经磁心与线圈优化后功率密度可达4.18 mW/cm~3,提升至系统优化前功率密度的35倍,验证了所提出方法提升功率密度的有效性。

基于小波变换和压缩感知的工频磁异常信号降噪方法

针对强噪声背景下水下目标微弱工频磁异常信号提取困难的问题,提出一种基于小波变换的压缩感知降噪方法。该方法利用噪声信号不具有稀疏性的特点,将含噪信号在小波域内分解,并在此基础上进行压缩感知的重构与降噪处理,实现微弱工频磁异常信号与噪声最大限度地分离。仿真及试验表明,该方法得到很好的降噪效果,避免了小波阈值滤波中阈值选取对降噪效果的影响,能够最大程度地保留原始信号的固有特征。

磁感定义与复磁路相量分析

该文以变压器为例,分别建立并联和串联两种形式的等效正弦交变复磁路模型,相应地给出两种磁感的不同定义和物理意义,并比较各自的优劣势。首先,以相量图的形式分析不同负载性质等效复磁路中各物理量的相位关系,并在磁感定义的基础上完善磁路与电路的类比关系;其次,推导任意负载下等效电路有功和无功功率与类比复磁路中等效电路中虚拟有功和无功功率的数值关系;然后,以同步发电机为例,利用基于磁感的等效复磁路分析交流电机中定转子磁场的相互作用,分别基于等效复磁路和有限元方法分析一个变压器算例,验证理论分析的正确性;最后,给出研究结论,并据此客观地分析基于磁感的复磁路的作用。

750kV单回并行输电线路电磁辐射环境研究

采用《环境影响评价技术导则输变电》(HJ 24—2020)附录C、D推荐的计算模式对750 kV单回并行输电线路电磁辐射环境进行计算与预测。结果表明,经过耕地、园地、牧草地、畜禽饲养地、道路等场所,当导线对地最小高度为15.5 m时,单回并行线路下的工频电场强度最大值超过10 kV/m;需将导线对地最小高度提至16.5 m,才能满足4 kV/m控制限值要求。750 kV单回并行输电线路产生的工频磁场强度小于公众曝露控制限值(100μT),一般情况下不会成为线路建设的环境制约因素;但其产生的工频电场是电磁环境影响的主要因素,电场强度控制限值(4 kV/m)是线路建设的环境制约因素,同时也是输变电电磁环境重点控制因素。现场实测结果与理论预测结果符合性较好,表明采用的预测模式具有较好的应用性,研究结果可为750 kV单回并行输电线路的建设和环境监管提供支持。

EXL-50U磁体线圈电源系统研制

新奥科技发展有限公司(新奥能源研究院)将原有紧凑型聚变研究装置EXL-50升级为EXL-50U,装置仍然是常温托卡马克,其磁场电源系统包括环向场TF(Toroidal Field)电源、中心螺线管CS(Center Solenoid)电源、PF1-10(Poloidal Field)极向场电源,共12套电源,所有电源均由交流脉冲发电机供电,使用相控整流方案。本文主要设计满足EXL-50U高参数需求的磁场电源,设计重点是提升电源能力,制定高参数工况下的保护策略,内容包括控制与保护系统、交流脉冲发电机的供电方案,变压器与变流器设计,最后给出了实际测试获得的各电源实际波形图,展示在中心螺线管击穿的条件下形成等离子体电流的电源工作波形,以验证设计电源的可靠性与可控性。

无线电能传输带凸字环形有界磁屏蔽任意位置圆形线圈互感计算方法

互感是无线电能传输系统中的重要参数之一,精确计算互感可为无线电能传输设计及优化提供理论依据,然而目前带凸字环形有界磁屏蔽任意位置圆形线圈互感计算问题还未解决。该文提出空间边界矢量解析法对互感进行精确求解。此方法通过边界条件求解各区域磁矢势,利用空间矢量坐标变换法,结合诺依曼公式得到任意位置互感计算表达式。通过仿真和实验对所提公式的有效性进行验证,互感计算值和实验值之间误差最大为2.86%。互感计算值、仿真值和实验值吻合良好,验证了所提计算方法的正确性。该文所提模型结构,可为水下供电提供更灵活的布局,且在同等规格下,该模型结构相比传统圆盘形结构节省19.6%的材料,其除高角度偏转外互感可达到圆盘形互感的99%。

云南澜沧老厂银铅锌多金属矿床的AMT工频噪声压制研究

云南澜沧老厂银铅锌多金属矿床为西南“三江”地区的典型矿床,面临资源危机。该矿床的边部找矿勘查中开展了音频大地电磁测深(AMT)工作,但因高压线工频干扰,导致部分测点频点失真。针对此问题,提出了一种基于隔离式频点提取以及磁场数据重构技术的工频噪声压制方法。通过划定阈值对所有测点进行数据分辨,进而快速区分受工频干扰程度不同的测点;然后避开受干扰的50 Hz及倍数频段数据进行数据提取。针对受工频干扰程度较强,无法避开干扰数据的测点,利用其临近测点数据,采用反距离加权法对强干扰测点进行磁场数据重构。对澜沧老厂银铅锌多金属矿床的AMT资料采用上述方法进行处理后,有效规避了50 Hz及奇次谐波干扰,取得了较好的噪声压制效果,圈定了2处具有找矿潜力的低阻异常区,为矿山边部找矿勘探提供了方向。该方法为解决物探工作中的工频干扰提供了新途径。

兼顾抗旋转偏移和中心磁场抑制的三相IPT系统设计与分析

与传统接触式充电方式相比,采用感应式电能传输IPT(inductive power transfer)系统给自主水下航行器AUVs(autonomous underwater vehicles)充电更加方便和安全。为了解决AUV船体中心磁场强和由波浪引起的旋转偏移导致传输功率剧烈波动的问题,提出1种具有新型耦合结构的三相IPT系统。耦合器由3个发射线圈和4个反向交替串联的接收线圈组成,该结构有利于抑制中心磁场并提高抗旋转偏移性能。Maxwell仿真结果表明,在船体旋转时,等效互感Meq波动小于2%,同时AUV中心磁场始终保持在较低水平。此外,为简化系统分析,采用1种无源元件解耦的方法对3个发射线圈进行解耦。搭建了1台基于LCC-S补偿拓扑的实验样机来验证系统的可行性,实验结果表明,当AUV旋转时,传输功率为536~595 W,最大波动率为9.91%,系统直-直最高效率为86.28%。

胃肠道胶囊机器人无线能量传输系统中发射线圈优化设计

基于无线能量传输的模型与原理,仿真分析了几种不同类型发射线圈的磁场分布。结果表明,线圈磁芯开口大小、磁芯与空气界面的形状、线圈放置的位置都会对发射线圈附近磁场分布产生影响。进而优化出扇环型发射线圈,当线圈中通以频率218 kHz、幅值1.125 A的电流时,可在一定的空间区域形成3.0~4.7 G、比较均匀的磁场,满足胃肠道胶囊机器人的供能需求。相较于已有同用途的发射线圈,优化设计的发射线圈结构简单、整体尺寸显著缩小,同时采用较小的电流就能满足供能需求。研究工作可为优化设计无线能量传输系统中的发射线圈提供新的思路和可行途径。

基于频率差的工频磁场抗扰度试验方法

现有工频磁场抗扰度试验方法评价受试设备在工频磁场骚扰下的采样性能时,试验结果随机,可能出现误判。结合GB/T 17626.8-2006要求、试验方法及试验仪器的特点,文章分析了试验结果出现随机现象的原因。在此基础上,提出了基于受试设备基本分量及干扰分量频率差的工频磁场抗扰度试验方法。多种电气二次设备的工频磁场抗扰度试验结果表明,频率差法通过人为合理设置频率差,在受试设备的正常使用状态下,可有效检测出工频磁场骚扰对受试设备的最大影响程度,消除了试验结果的随机性。频率差法适应性好、操作简便,不仅适用于电力工业领域,也有利于形成具有良好的共同性和重复性的基准。

大鼠磁感应热疗的线圈设计与仿真分析

选用亥姆霍兹线圈作为交变磁场发生装置,以大鼠脑部肿瘤为研究对象,建立相关模型,以Pennes生物传热方程为基础,在COMSOL仿真软件中进行电磁场分布和温度场分布计算,并分析影响磁感应热疗结果的因素。结果表明,大鼠肿瘤治疗区域磁场分布均匀,中心磁感应强度为12.847 mT,能达到进行磁感应热疗的条件;温度场分布符合要求,肿瘤区域升温明显,肿瘤中心温度可达46℃以上,肿瘤组织基本能达到治疗温度,能实现比较充分的治疗;线圈匝数、电流、半径及间距、磁场频率等参数均能影响磁感应热疗的效果。本研究结果可为磁感应热疗的临床应用和设备中的线圈设计提供参考。

基于ANSYS Maxwell建模的超高压输电线路工频电磁场分布研究

超高压交流输电线路产生的电磁辐射可能会对生物体造成危害。为探究超高压输电线路下方电磁场环境的问题,依据有限元仿真软件ANSYSMaxwell搭建500k V单回和双回输电线路的三维模型分析主要影响因素,重点仿真研究导线在不同的距地高度、排列方式、相序分布、相间距离、相导线分裂根数及子导线半径情况下对输电线路下方工频电场和工频磁感应强度分布规律的影响,并探讨了林地和墙体对磁场的抑制作用。

甲状腺癌磁感应热疗热场分布的研究

为在甲状腺癌模型仿真研究中探究磁感应热疗的效果,本研究选用亥姆霍兹线圈作为交变磁场发生装置,并以磁流体为磁性加热材料,根据Pennes生物传热方程,在COMSOL有限元仿真软件中进行三维建模,实现电场和温度场的耦合计算,得到磁感应热疗作用于甲状腺癌区域的电磁场和热场分布。仿真实验结果表明,甲状腺癌组织磁感应强度最大值为8 350.86 A/m,感应电场强度最大值为122.764 V/m,最小值为0.758 V/m。当在甲状腺癌组织中加入磁流体后,在外加交变磁场的影响下,组织温度急剧上升,400 s左右体温趋于稳定。肿瘤的中央组织温度为46.929℃,整个肿瘤温度均在42℃以上,其周围的健康组织温度均在42℃以下。本研究将为甲状腺癌磁感应热疗的临床应用提供重要依据。

500kV变电站内敞开式断路器感应电流计算分析

为分析断路器与地线形成的回路中产生感应电流的特性,文章对处于变电站500 kV开关场内的断路器、导线、地网和2个接地线与接地刀闸组成的通流体回路中的感应电流进行测量,并分别对变电站500 kV开关场正常工作状态下和检修状态下的工频磁场进行仿真。研究结果表明:在检修状态下500 kV开关场内断路器通流体回路产生的感应电流峰峰值在3.85~7.33 A之间;正常工作状态下开关场磁感应强度范围在0.260~7.480μT之间,工频磁场强度最大值主要集中分布在导线交叉处;检修状态下开关场磁感应强度范围在0.440~8.760μT之间,工频磁场强度较大值主要集中分布在第2回母线下方。研究结果为敞开式断路器检修人员安全作业提供参考。

复合转子无刷双馈风力发电机的设计与分析

无刷双馈发电机由于取消电刷滑环,可靠性高,在海上风力发电等领域具有应用前景。为了提升转子的调制能力,本文基于电机气隙磁场调制统一理论研究了短路线圈加凸极磁阻调制器结合的复合转子无刷双馈发电机。首先从理论上揭示了复合调制器比单个调制器可产生更高有用谐波分量的机理,之后对复合转子的结构进行优化,包括凸极上笼条数目与短路线圈的连接方式,最后基于所建立的电机模型,对比了复合转子无刷双馈发电机与传统三种无刷双馈发电机的气隙有用谐波构成,2D有限元以及样机实验结果验证了电机拓扑与分析方法的有效性。