Practice and Thinking on Current Planning Environmental Impact Assessment of Transmission and Transformation Power Grid in Jiangsu Province

The planning environmental impact assessment （EIA） of transmission and transformation power grid at levels of 500 and 220 kV had been finished completely in the 13 municipalities of Jiangsu Province by the end of 2012, which played important roles in guiding and planning the following transmission and transformation projects in environmental protection. In this paper, through the detail analysis on the objective and significance of the planning EIA of transmission and transformation power grid, legal basis and planning EIA practices, some suggestions and thinking about the planning EIA of transmission and transformation power grid were put forward.

Economic Impacts of Renewable Power Generation Technologies and the Role of Endogenous Technological Change

This paper brings together the debate on economic impacts of renewable energy (RE) deployment and the discussion on modelling endogenous technological change on the global markets for the different renewable power generation technologies. Economic impacts of RE deployment are still mostly discussed on national level, where different effects have been identified. Recent research for Germany shows positive effects on the macro level and different distributional impacts. High investment in solar photovoltaics (PV) from 2010 to 2012 and induced increases in the RE sur-charge are the main drivers. At the same time, cost reductions for wind and solar PV take place on global markets, with global learning curves explaining the cost reductions very well. This calls for better including the international dimension into the modelling. The complex feedback loops between global cost curves and national policies, which react to global learning with some time lags, are not yet integrated into complex economic models. These models have to capture different RE technologies, different industries, either delivering the RE technologies or strongly depending on electricity prices, which are influenced by national support policies and macroeconomic development. As a first step to better understand the role of international markets, assumptions on RE exports based on global scenarios can be used. Results show the importance of global markets at least for the German RE industries. If the international dimension is taken into account, mainly positive economic impacts of further RE deployment can be observed.

Re-understanding and Thinking about Environmental Impact of Coal-fired Power Plants under Ultra-low Emission

From the perspective of development background,concepts and related policies of ultra-low emission,according to work practice,some issues and difficulties that need to be paid attention to in the environmental impact assessment of ultra-low-emission thermal power projects were discussed from the aspects of evaluation criteria,evaluation grade and scope,pollution control technical lines,environmental benefit accounting,and total emission control,and corresponding recommendations were put forward.

The Power-weakness Ratios (PWR) as a Journal Indicator： Testing the ＂Tournaments＂ Metaphor in Citation Impact Studies

Purpose： Ramanujacharyulu developed the Power-weakness Ratio （PWR） for scoring tournaments. The PWR algorithm has been advocated （and used） for measuring the impact of journals. We show how such a newly proposed indicator can empirically be tested. Design/methodology/approach： PWR values can be found by recursively multiplying the citation matrix by itself until convergence is reached in both the cited and citing dimensions; the quotient of these two values is defined as PWR. We study the effectiveness of PWR using journal ecosystems drawn from the Library and Information Science （LIS） set of the Web of Science （83 journals） as an example. Pajek is used to compute PWRs for the full set, and Excel for the computation in the case of the two smaller sub-graphs： （1） JASIST＋ the seven journals that cite JASISTmore than 100 times in 2012; and （2） MIS Quart＋ the nine journals citing this journal to the same extent. Findings： A test using the set of 83 journals converged, but did not provide interpretable results. Further decomposition of this set into homogeneous sub-graphs shows that--like most other journal indicators--PWR can perhaps be used within homogeneous sets, but not across citation communities. We conclude that PWR does not work as a journal impact indicator; journal impact, for example, is not a tournament. Research limitations： Journals that are not represented on the ＂citing＂ dimension of the matrix--for example, because they no longer appear, but are still registered as ＂cited＂ （e.g. ARIST）-distort the PWR ranking because of zeros or very low values in the denominator. Practical implications： The association of＂cited＂ with ＂power＂ and ＂citing＂ with ＂weakness＂ can be considered as a metaphor. In our opinion, referencing is an actor category and can bestudied in terms of behavior, whereas ＂citedness＂ is a property of a document with an expected dynamics very different from that of＂citing.＂ From this perspective, the PWR model is not valid as a journal indicator. Originality/value： Arguments for using PWR are： （1） its symmetrical handling of the rows and columns in the asymmetrical citation matrix, （2） its recursive algorithm, and （3） its mathematical elegance. In this study, PWR is discussed and critically assessed.

Landscape Visual Environment Impact Analysis of Wind Power Project in Plain Region--Case in One Wind Power Farm Project of Zhanjiang

The construction of wind power project is conducive to saving energy,reducing emissions and regulating energy structure. But it inevitably causes some impacts on the environment in the construction process. Because that the height of wind power generator generally exceeds 100 m,and visual range in plain region is farther,it is necessary to scientifically and rationally evaluate and analyze landscape visual environment impact of wind power generator in plain region. One wind power farm project of Zhanjiang is located in typical plain region of Guangdong coast. Referring to traditional analytic method of landscape visual impact and comparing with actual situation for the same kind of project in the region,results show that it is ＂ extremely sensitive＂ area at 0- 2. 5 km from wind power generator, ＂ very sensitive＂ area at 2. 5- 5. 0 km, ＂ sensitive＂ area at 5- 10 km, ＂generally sensitive＂ area at 10- 20 km,and non-sensitive area outside 20 km.

The Impact of the Tyrannical Use ofPower in Family in Romeo and Juliet

This essay seeks to examine the tyrannical use of power in family in Romeo and Juliet,and discuss how this tyrannical use of power in family leads Juliet to despair,and to die in the end. It also analyses whether the impact of family power has contributed to making the play more tragic and accelerating the process of tragedy.

A multi-level evaluation model for the recognition and assessment of impact factors associated with intercontinental power interconnection projects

The construction of intercontinental power grid interconnection projects is key to realizing the vision of Global Energy Interconnection,which is to solve global energy problems in a clean and sustainable manner.These projects may be influenced by a few factors that are neither technological nor economic,such as political,social,and international factors.This paper thus presents a multi-level model for recognizing which factor from a compiled list of 14 would impact a particular intercontinental interconnection project and for assessing the degree of the factor’s influence.In the first part of the model,the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)method is used to recognize the project’s most significant impact factors.Using the recognition results,the second part of the model can assess the degree of the factor’s influence on the project based on ratings provided by experts.A comprehensive evaluation can thus be provided.As a case study,the proposed Saudi Arabia-Ethiopia power grid interconnection project connecting Asia and Africa was analyzed.Derived from a combination of multiple opinions from experts,evaluations from the model will be of direct benefit to decision-makers,investors,project implementers,and engineers,providing them with a deeper insight into the project.

考虑市场影响的风电厂与储能运营商联合调度策略研究

本文基于拥有风力发电厂与电力储能设备的电力运营商视角,考虑运营商参与电力交易会对市场电价产生影响的基础上,通过动态规划,以利润最大化为目标,研究其最优联合调度策略。研究表明:在考虑充放电效率以及运营成本时,存在三个最优参考点将储能设备中的可用库存空间分为四个区域,进而对应四个不同的决策活动:将风电和从市场上购买的电力全部存入储能系统;将部分风电存入储能系统并将剩余部分销售到市场;售出全部风电不向储能设备中存入电量;将所有的风电和储能系统中的部分电量销售至电力市场。运营商可根据当前时刻风力发电量和储能设备中的电量与最优参考点之间的大小关系,得到相应的最优电力调度策略及其交易量。此外,本文研究发现随着市场影响强度的增大,运营商的利润随之减小,因此运营商应在其市场影响强度与最优电力交易量之间做好权衡。本研究对运营商的电力调度具有重要的指导意义和实际应用价值。

适应我国高集中度电力现货市场的发电侧市场力辨识方法

我国电力现货市场发电侧拥有高市场集中度的特点,市场力的滥用辨识变得尤为重要。对美国事前市场力的辨识方法进行了详细综述,分析指出了行为-影响测试方法更适用于我国电力现货市场。在此基础上,进一步研究提出了高市场集中度下的事前-事后市场力辨识方法,包括用于辨识潜在市场力的剩余供给指标测试法和市场模拟仿真法、用于辨识事中市场力的行为-影响测试方法和从市场整体运行情况、用户侧、发电侧和电网侧4个维度进行全面评估的事后市场力辨识方法。最后,通过算例分析,论证了所提市场力辨识方法的合理性和可行性。

冲击荷载作用下煤岩力学特性研究及能量演化特征

为了探究冲击倾向性煤岩的动态力学特性和破碎特征,以强冲击倾向性煤岩为研究对象,进行了中高应变率条件下的单轴冲击试验。结果表明:在冲击荷载作用下,煤岩的破裂与变形可分为线弹性阶段、弹塑性阶段、应变强化阶段和卸载破坏阶段4个阶段;动态应力、应变均表现出明显的应变率效应;煤岩动态应力增长因子与应变率呈线性正相关;峰值应力与能量密度拟合呈现对数关系,能量密度与应变率拟合呈现指数关系,吸收阻抗比能与应变率具有良好的二次幂指函数关系,吸收阻抗比能和能量密度表现出较强的应变率相关性;破坏模式逐渐由轴向劈裂破坏向压碎破坏过渡。研究结果对于解决当前深部矿山采掘等工程实际问题具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。

面向功率冲击平抑的岸电系统储能型电能调控装置容量优化配置策略

针对港口岸电系统负荷侧存在的冲击性功率等电能质量问题,提出一种储能型电能调控装置容量优化配置方法。介绍港口岸电系统及储能型电能调控装置拓扑结构,并分析冲击性负荷运行特征;探讨负荷运行工况与功率因数控制目标之间的关系,根据电池荷电状态与负荷运行工况,提出储能型电能调控装置多类型运行工况自适应容量设计的补偿控制策略;建立储能型电能调控装置技术-经济模型,通过在技术模型中考虑岸电系统电能质量的要求建立容量模型,经济模型提供评估寿命成本和效益的方法。基于某港口岸电负荷实测数据,验证所提方法的有效性。

抽蓄电站全库盆防渗水库渗流缺陷影响分析

针对抽蓄电站全库盆防渗水库土工膜缺陷导致水库渗流量产生变化的安全问题,结合陕西省某抽蓄电站水库库底土工膜防渗工程,采用单因素影响分析和多因素影响分析方法进行抽蓄电站全库盆防渗水库渗流缺陷影响分析。结果表明,水头大小、缺陷大小、缺陷个数均正向影响抽蓄水库渗流量,而缺陷位置与抽蓄水库渗流量的相关性不明显。其中缺陷大小是影响抽蓄水库渗流量的主要因素,其次为水头大小,再次为缺陷个数。

自控型粒子冲击钻井系统研制与现场试验

我国油气资源勘探开发中常规钻井技术在钻遇石英砂岩、燧石、高硅质砂岩、黄铁矿和火成岩等难钻地层时,面临“钻速慢、进尺短”的钻井瓶颈。为此,基于粒子高频冲击破岩原理,借鉴高层建筑混凝土配浆-注浆和常压混凝土储存方法,设计了双活塞换向机构、防粒子沉淀物料罐、动态回收储存装置、高效分离装置和2D/3D自动化监控系统,研制了1套自控型粒子冲击钻井系统,并在江沙X1井对其进行了现场试验。试验结果表明:该系统运行稳定可靠,粒子回收率达到98.7%,平均机械钻速15 m/h,与邻井同地层螺杆配PDC钻头钻进方式相比平均机械钻速提高1.52倍。所得结论可为深层及复杂坚硬地层钻井提速提供技术支撑。

考虑极端天气冲击过程的风电机组竞争失效可靠性评估

针对风电机组的运行可靠性易受极端天气影响的问题,提出了一种考虑极端天气冲击过程的风电机组竞争失效可靠性评估方法。同时考虑风电机组自然退化、极端天气冲击导致的瞬时退化以及极端天气持续过程产生的加速退化,构建极端天气下的风电机组综合退化模型;考虑风电机组退化过程对其耐冲击性能的影响,建立风电机组竞争失效可靠度模型以评估风电机组可靠性;基于我国北方某风电场工程数据和极端天气历史数据评估了某2 MW风电机组的可靠性并进行了参数灵敏度分析。结果显示,到第5年时,仅考虑自然退化的方法评估风电机组可靠度为0.84,而考虑极端天气冲击过程的方法评估风电机组可靠度为0.178,后者更加符合工程实际。通过模型参数的灵敏度分析发现,运行时间超过3年后,退化失效开始逐渐影响风电机组的可靠性。

基于超级电容储能的汽轮发电系统频差功率协调控制

由于孤岛运行的汽轮发电系统输出功率调节响应较慢,带脉冲功率负载会造成输出电能频率和电压较大的凹陷和超调,甚至导致系统不稳定。本文将超级电容储能应用于汽轮发电系统,组成汽轮机-超级电容混合发电系统。继而提出混合发电系统的频差功率协调控制方法。通过超级电容储能单元的高功率动态响应弥补汽轮机输出功率动态响应低的问题,使系统实时处于瞬时功率平衡状态,保证输出电能频率和电压的平稳,增强汽轮发电系统对脉冲功率负载的适应能力。最后建立仿真模型对所提控制算法的有效性进行验证。

2022年陇南“4·19”强对流天气成因及其对配电线路故障的影响分析

配电线路长期暴露于自然环境下,易受强对流天气影响而发生故障。2022年4月19日午后,受大风、雷电等高影响天气影响,陇南市13条配电线路先后出现故障。利用陇南市自动气象观测站的极大风速和闪电定位数据以及风云4A(FY-4A)红外云图、探空资料、多普勒天气雷达等资料,对此次强对流天气过程及其对电网影响进行分析。结果表明:(1)此次强对流天气以雷电、雷暴大风天气为主,西和、礼县、武都、康县等县(区)出现大面积用户停电和电力负荷损失等不利影响。(2)强对流发展主要受高原槽和切变线共同影响,在“上冷下暖”的大气层结不稳定条件下,由地面辐合线触发较强的雷暴大风天气;卫星云图和雷达回波也显示对流云团的发生发展与地面雷暴大风相吻合。(3)陇南市配电线路故障范围分布与强对流天气发生时间和过境路径基本一致,利用逐10 min极大风速和闪电定位数据,探讨得出当极大风速值超过15.0 m·s^(-1)、或正地闪电流强度超过43 k A、或负地闪电流强度超过26 k A时,配电线路发生故障的可能性较大。

混合式新型聚变电源概念设计

[目的]近年来,聚变装置装机容量在不断增加,其电源系统需要输出高幅值、长脉冲的功率,对电网造成了极强的功率冲击,严重时会导致电源脱网,严重威胁聚变装置的安全。同时,高幅值脉冲也使电源系统的设计存在大量冗余。[方法]为了解决这两个问题,提出了带储能装置的新型聚变电源拓扑,通过在电源系统中加装储能装置,缓冲脉冲功率对电网的冲击。在电源运行过程中,电网提供稳态功率,储能装置提供脉冲功率,有效降低电源的成本。[结果]根据工业供配电经验,得出了不同拓扑中主要元件的选型计算公式。最终根据仿真数据,对不同电源拓扑的成本展开分析对比。[结论]证明了新型电源不仅可以减小对电网的功率冲击,提高电源系统的能量利用率,也可以降低变压器容量,具有一定的成本优势。

建设项目环境影响评价电网二氧化碳排放因子研究

为应对气候变化国家战略要求,将碳排放评价纳入建设项目环境影响评价是今后重要工作之一。在建设项目环境影响评价工作中,如何确定电网二氧化碳排放因子是当前亟待解决的问题。本文在分析建设项目电网二氧化碳排放因子使用现状的基础上,提出了尽可能衔接小范围电网、与电力规划相匹配、力抓主要矛盾等合理核定建设项目电网二氧化碳排放因子的有关建议,探讨了相应的核定方法,并以某省为例进行了建设项目电网二氧化碳排放因子的具体研究。

功率分流混合动力系统模式切换连续瞬态冲击机理及其性能客观评价

针对功率分流混合动力系统模式切换过程连续瞬态冲击机理尚不明确且缺乏客观评价指标和方法的问题,本文探究了模式切换连续瞬态冲击机理及其性能客观评价方法。首先,结合动力传动系统高动态性能测试台架,建立了考虑转矩过零、齿轮副啮合时变刚度、齿隙及驱动电机转矩脉动的功率分流混合动力专用变速器(DHT)瞬态扭振模型;其次,研究了DHT模式切换过程转矩过零变化机理,提出了考虑转矩过零次数和模式切换时间的连续瞬态冲击性能时域评价指标,并采用短时傅里叶变换方法建立了基于冲击度时频特性的频域评价指标;最后,以纯电动向功率分流混动模式切换过程为例,采用变异系数法对不同加速踏板开度和齿隙影响下的连续瞬态冲击性能进行了客观分析评价。结果表明,功率分流DHT动力输出端转矩频繁过零和齿隙间的耦合作用是引发模式切换过程连续瞬态冲击的主要原因,减小齿隙可降低最大振幅频率100~200 Hz范围内的连续瞬态冲击;同时,根据综合评价得分对比,得到了模式切换过程连续瞬态冲击性能优化参数,本研究可为功率分流混合动力系统模式切换平顺性协调控制策略优化提供支撑。