Performance Evaluation for Medium Voltage MIMO-OFDM Power Line Communication System

Power line communication(PLC)provides intelligent electrical functions such as power quality measurement,fault surveys,and remote control of electrical network.Most of research works have been done in low voltage(LV)scenario due to the fast development of in-home PLC.The aim of this paper is to evaluate the link-level performance of a medium voltage(MV)MIMO-OFDM communication system based on transmission link under underground power line channel.The MIMO channel is modeled as a modified multipath model in the presence of impulsive noise and background noise.We first perform a measurement on the practical MV MIMO channel parameters for a section of buried cable of 1 km long in Ganzhou city,Jiangxi province,China.Based on the measured channel,we design the frame structure based on an IEEE standard for broadband over power line networks[1]to support MV MIMO-OFDM transmission.According to designed frame structure,we design an encoder and a decoder for a dual binary tail-biting turbo code and optimize some key decoder parameters for low bit error rate performance.Finally,the link-level performance for both spatial multiplexing and spatial diversity are evaluated.Numeral results show that MV MIMO-OFDM is a promising approach to provide both high data rate and link reliability for PLC.

Modeling of OFDM Based Transceiver for Broadband Powerline Communication

In the recent past power line communication has emerged as an attractive choice for high speed data transfer and is looked upon as inexpensive and reliable media suitable for broadband internet access, home and office automation, in-vehicle data communication etc. In this paper we present an architecture for the physical layer of a PLC transceiver based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and the impact on multipath distortion for PLC transmission in terms of bit error rate. Since there is no standard PLC channel model available, a widely accepted multipath channel model is used for simulation purpose. Simulation results as well as FPGA synthesis verify the effectiveness of the proposed architecture for PLC modem design at 110 Mbps data rate.

Polar codes based OFDM-PLC systems in the presence of impulsive noise

Power line communication(PLC)has the potential to become the preferred technique for providing broadband communication to homes and offices with advantage of eliminating the need for new wiring infrastructure and reducing the cost.But it suffers from the impulsive noise because it introduces significant time variance into the power line channel.In this paper,a polar codes based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)PLC system is proposed to deal with the impulsive noise and thereby improve the transmission performance.Firstly,the impulsive noise is modelled with a multi-damped sine function by analyzing the time behavior of impulse events.Then the polar codes are used to combat the impulsive noise of PLC channel,and a low complexity bit-flipping decoding method based on CRC-aided successive cancellation list(CA-SCL)decoding algorithm is proposed.Simulations evaluate the proposed decoding algorithm and the results validate the suggested polar codes based OFDM-PLC scheme which can improve the BER performance of PLC with impulsive interference.

WAVELET-BASED OFDM-CDMA HIGH SPEED POWER LINE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

This letter derives the Equivalent M-band Discrete Wavelet(EMDW) transmission mode of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM) transmission systems, and presents a new Quadrature M-band Discrete Wavelet(QMDW) based OFDM-CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access) communication systems for high speed Power Line Communication (PLC) channels.This system gives much better robustness to Inter-Channel Interference (ICI), Multi-User Interference (MUI) and noise interference, which is verified by simulation.

Traffic Modeling of a Finite-Source Power Line Communication Network

Power line communication (PLC) is a promising smart grid application for information transmission using existing power lines. We analytically model a finite-source PLC network subject to channel failure through a queueing theoretic framework. The proposed PLC network model consists of a base station (BS), which is located at a transformer station and connected to the backbone communication networks, and a number of subscriber stations that are interconnected with each other and with the BS via the power line transmission medium. An orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based technique is assumed for forming the transmission channels in a frequency spectrum. The channels are subject to failure during service due to noise. We determine the steady-state solution of the proposed model and derive a set of performance metrics of interest. Numerical and simulation results are presented to provide further insights into the analytical results. The proposed modeling method is expected to be used for evaluation and design of future PLC networks.

Power Line Communications Networking Method Based on Hybrid Ant Colony and Genetic Algorithm

When solving the routing problem with traditional ant colony algorithm, there is scarce in initialize pheromone and a slow convergence and stagnation for the complex network topology and the time-varying characteristics of channel in power line carrier communication of low voltage distribution grid. The algorithm is easy to fall into premature and local optimization. Proposed an automatic network algorithm based on improved transmission delay and the load factor as the evaluation factors. With the requirements of QoS, a logical topology of power line communication network is established. By the experiment of MATLAB simulation, verify that the improved Dynamic hybrid ant colony genetic algorithm (DH_ACGA) algorithm has improved the communication performance, which solved the QoS routing problems of power communication to some extent.

Smart Home Networking: Lessons from Combining Wireless and Powerline Networking

Integrating the power grid technology with renewable power generation technologies, Demand Response (DR) programs enabled by the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) were introduced into the power grid in the interest of both utilities and residents. They help to achieve load balance and increase the grid reliability by encouraging residents to reduce their power usage during peak load periods in return for incentives. To automate this process, appliances, in-house sensors, and the AMI controller need to be networked together. In this paper, we compare mainstream network technologies applicable to home appliance control and propose a solution combining Power Line Communication (PLC) with wireless communication in smart homes for the purpose of energy saving. We extended NS-2, a popular network simulator, to model such combined network scenarios. Using a number of different routing strategies, we then model and evaluate the network performance of DR programs in smart homes in such a combined network.

PLC通信技术在焊机网络控制系统中的应用

针对多焊接机系统的实时在线组网控制需求,提出了一种基于电力线载波(PLC)通信技术的焊机网络控制系统。介绍了控制系统的结构组成及工作原理,对利用PLC通信技术的多焊接控制系统进行了开发,给出了硬软件设计。实验测试结果表明,所设计的控制系统具有成本低、组网容易、通信可靠等优点,可以有效地实现多焊接机远程在线监控,改善了焊机可控性能,提高了焊机控制技术的自动化水平。

电力线载波通信标准 PRIME 和 G3- PLC 的研究

电力线载波(PLC)通信是电力系统特有的基本通信方式。通过对当今世界上基于OFDM的两种载波通信标准PRIME和G3-PLC进行研究,主要分析了二者物理层的处理过程,并比较了其异同点,进而对两个标准的通信性能进行了对比。最后,对符合两个标准的载波方案进行了实际测试,并得出了实验结果。对不同电力线环境下载波标准的选取具有一定的参考意义。

分段重复编码与数字滤波在G3标准PLC通信中的应用

G3标准电力载波通信以正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)为核心抑制多径效应,结合RS(Reed-solomon)和交织编码等纠正随机错误,提高可靠性。由于信道环境时变性明显,上述措施不能满足高可靠通信需求。针对这一问题,首先,提出了分段重复编码算法并应用于G3信号传输模型,通过对有效信息进行分段重复编码,增大信息通过低衰减信道的概率,提高可靠性;其次,设计了混合窗函数有限冲激响应(Finite Impulse Response,FIR)带通数字滤波算法对信号进行滤波处理,在保证相位的前提下,尽可能去除带外噪声干扰,优化OFDM的性能,并提高分段重复编码的作用。经性能测试,所形成的分段重复编码和FIR数字滤波的传输模型在平均误码率为10-2时有2～3 d B的性能提升,适合在强时变性和强噪声的信道中进行高可靠的通信传输。

基于PLC/GPRS的智能照明单灯监控系统设计

为了满足城市道路照明精细化管理及节能的需要,设计了监控工作站与集中控制器通过GPRS网络实现两者之间的数据交换,集中控制器与单灯控制器应用PLC电力载波技术实现两者之间通信的智能照明单灯监控系统;集中控制器以ARM9620为主控制器,PLC电力线载波通讯模块作为单灯通信方式.监控工作站还应用GIS地理信息系统直观的进行单灯测控,达到对单盏路灯的开关控制、数据采集、动态调光及对照明设施环境进行监测的功能.该系统通过测试和近一年的实际运行,已达到了设计的预期效果,并取得良好的节能效果.

基于5G+PLC技术的电力线载波信号脉冲干扰抑制方法

为抑制电力线载波信号的脉冲噪音干扰,降低误码率,提出基于5G(5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology)+PLC(Power Line Communication,可编程逻辑控制器)技术的电力线载波信号脉冲干扰抑制方法.将5G+PLC技术作为基础,构建通信模型,实现电力线载波信号传输;识别传输信号中的脉冲干扰信息,并通过计算获取脉冲噪声的估计值;通过门限值的设定及交织算法的应用,有效抑制脉冲干扰.实验结果表明:应用本文设计的干扰抑制方法后,噪音变化幅度极大降低,随着空子载波个数的增长,信噪比明显增高,传输误码率亦大幅降低,有效抑制了电力线载波信号传输过程中的脉冲噪音干扰,具有良好的应用性能.

某换流站交流PLC噪声滤波器调谐单元故障分析

结合故障过程、解体情况、耐受应力、参数选型、产品结构及制造工艺等因素,对某换流站交流PLC噪声滤波器调谐单元着火故障进行了分析,明确故障原因为调谐电容器谐波应力耐受能力设计裕度不足且产品存在制造工艺质量缺陷,并从产品参数选型、设计及制造工艺、试验及现场巡视等方面提出了针对性改进措施。相关措施可为换流站交流PLC噪声滤波器设备选型、设计制造及现场运维管理提供参考借鉴。

A Novel Device for Real-Time Monitoring of High Frequency Phenomena in CENELEC PLC Band

This paper proposes the design and development of a novel, portable and low-cost intelligent electronic device (IED) for real-time monitoring of high frequency phenomena in CENELEC PLC band. A high speed floating-point digital signal processor (DSP) along with 4 MSPS analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is used to develop the intelligent electronic device. An optimized algorithm to process the analog signal in real-time and to extract the meaningful result using signal processing techniques has been implemented on the device. A laboratory environment has setup with all the necessary equipment including the development of the load model to evaluate the performance of the IED. Smart meter and concentrator is also connected to the low voltage (LV) network to monitor the PLC communication using the IED. The device has been tested in the laboratory and it has produced very promising results for time domain as well as frequency domain analysis. Those results imply that the IED is fully capable of monitoring high frequency disturbances in CENELEC PLC band.

A reliable opportunistic routing for smart grid with in-home power line communication networks

The topology of in-home power line communication(PLC) networks varies frequently, which makes traditional routing algorithms failure. To solve this problem, an end-to-end transmission time for remaining path(TTRP) metric-based opportunistic routing(TTRPOR) is proposed. Since a local broadcasting scheme is adopted, the algorithm can find the optimal path for forwarding packets in a dynamic PLC network. The closed-form of the outage probability for a PLC channel is derived to estimate the TTRP. It is proved that the average throughput can achieve maximum as the metric TTRP is utilized to sort candidate forwarding nodes.Numerical results show that the end-to-end throughput of networks with TTRPOR, outperforms that of the network adopting DSR and EXOR, especially for the case of varying-topology in-home PLC networks.

Particle filtering based channel estimation in OFDM power line communication

Particle filtering （PF） algorithm has the powerful potential for coping with difficult non-linear and non-Gaussian problems. Aiming at non-linear, non-Gaussian and time-varying characteristics of power line channel, a time-varying channel estimation scheme combined PF algorithm with decision feedback method is proposed. In the proposed scheme, firstly the indoor power line channel is measured using the pseudo-noise （PN） correlation method, and a first-order dynamic autoregressive （AR） model is set up to describe the measured channel, then, the channel states are estimated dynamically from the received signals by exploiting the proposed scheme. Meanwhile, due to the complex noise distribution of power line channel, the performance of channel estimation based on the proposed scheme under the Middleton class A impulsive noise environment is analyzed. Comparisons are made with the channel estimation scheme respectively based on least square （LS）, Kalman filtering （KF） and the proposed algorithm. Simulation indicates that PF algorithm dealing with this power line channel estimation difficult non-linear and non-Gaussian problems performance is superior to those of LS and KF respectively, so the proposed scheme achieves higher estimation accuracy. Therefore, it is confirmed that PF algorithm has its own unique advantage for power line channel estimation.

Broadband hybrid model for relay-aided cooperative MIMO power line communication systems

A hybrid model for broadband multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) relay-aided indoor power line communications(PLC) system was proposed in this paper. The proposed model combines the top-down and bottom-up approaches and extends to a two-hop relay-aided cooperative system with variable gain relay in amplify-and-forward(AF) mode. Based on the proposed PLC model and generated channel, the channel statistical characteristics are further investigated in 2 MHz^100 MHz bandwidth. Simulated results show that the proposed model overcomes the difficulties that the existing models need a lot of topological information of the network or measurements information. It provides a practical simulation analysis method for cooperative relay MIMO-PLC system. The results also show that cooperative MIMO relaying communications can improve the indoor PLC performances and communication reliability.

In-home Power Line Communication Media Access Control Protocol Based on Collision Resolution

Most existing media access control(MAC) protocols in power line communication(PLC) networks just discard the colliding data packets when collision occurs.The collision deteriorates throughput and delay performance of system under high traffic conditions.This article presents a novel media access scheme with fast collision resolution for in-home power line networks.It works by first recognizing the colliding stations through detecting the inserted unique ID sequence ahead of data packets,then the source nodes retransmitting their packets immediately after the collision slot.The proposed protocol maintains the benefits of ALOHA systems.It needs no scheduling overhead and is suitable for bursty sources,such as multimedia data packets.Computer simulations have demonstrated that this approach can achieve high throughput due to its ability of resolving collisions.

特高压直流输电直流侧高频干扰及滤波器型式

为解决特高压直流输电系统在直流线路和接地极线路上产生大量的高频谐波,以特高压直流输电系统每极2组12脉动换流器串联的换流器为例,深入分析了特高压直流输电换流站产生电力线载波干扰和无线电干扰的机理;探讨了换流站直流侧高频谐波的规范要求,针对直流极线和接地极线上PLC/RI滤波器的多种组合方式,采用谐波分析软件HAP计算了直流极线端部和接地极线端部的总PLC及总RI干扰水平;提出了抑制特高压直流输电直流侧高频干扰的滤波器配置方案。

基于支路追加法的配电网混联线路电力线载波通信信道建模

提出了一种基于支路追加法的中压配电网混联线路的电力线载波通信信道建模方法。根据配电网拓扑结构,利用支路追加法,逐一追加网络各条支路,列写该支路的伏安特性独立方程和基尔霍夫定律电流方程,生成一组具有唯一解的网络矩阵方程。通过该矩阵方程中各未知变量的比值关系,求解信号的传输函数,分析信道的传输特性。当配电网网络结构发生改变时,只需在原代数矩阵方程基础上,增减矩阵中的相关行与列即可得修改后的新矩阵方程。该建模方法原理清晰,运算量小,适用于树形网络、手拉手网络及环网等各种拓扑结构。仿真及实验测试验证了所提方法的正确性。