Power Line Monitoring Data Transmission Using Wireless Sensor Network

The WSN used in power line monitoring is long chain structure, and the bottleneck near the Sink node is more obvious. In view of this, A Sink nodes’ cooperation mechanism is presented. The Sink nodes from different WSNs are adjacently deployed. Adopting multimode and spatial multiplexing network technology, the network is constructed into multi-mode-level to achieve different levels of data streaming. The network loads are shunted and the network resources are rationally utilized. Through the multi-sink nodes cooperation, the bottlenecks at the Sink node and its near several jump nodes are solved and process the competition of communication between nodes by channel adjustment. Finally, the paper analyzed the method and provided simulation experiment results. Simulation results show that the method can solve the funnel effect of the sink node, and get a good QoS.

Power Line Communications Networking Method Based on Hybrid Ant Colony and Genetic Algorithm

When solving the routing problem with traditional ant colony algorithm, there is scarce in initialize pheromone and a slow convergence and stagnation for the complex network topology and the time-varying characteristics of channel in power line carrier communication of low voltage distribution grid. The algorithm is easy to fall into premature and local optimization. Proposed an automatic network algorithm based on improved transmission delay and the load factor as the evaluation factors. With the requirements of QoS, a logical topology of power line communication network is established. By the experiment of MATLAB simulation, verify that the improved Dynamic hybrid ant colony genetic algorithm (DH_ACGA) algorithm has improved the communication performance, which solved the QoS routing problems of power communication to some extent.

Smart Home Networking: Lessons from Combining Wireless and Powerline Networking

Integrating the power grid technology with renewable power generation technologies, Demand Response (DR) programs enabled by the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) were introduced into the power grid in the interest of both utilities and residents. They help to achieve load balance and increase the grid reliability by encouraging residents to reduce their power usage during peak load periods in return for incentives. To automate this process, appliances, in-house sensors, and the AMI controller need to be networked together. In this paper, we compare mainstream network technologies applicable to home appliance control and propose a solution combining Power Line Communication (PLC) with wireless communication in smart homes for the purpose of energy saving. We extended NS-2, a popular network simulator, to model such combined network scenarios. Using a number of different routing strategies, we then model and evaluate the network performance of DR programs in smart homes in such a combined network.

Avian-power line interactions in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia:are mitigation actions effective?

Background:Electrocution and collisions on power lines are among the leading causes of non-natural mortality for birds.Power lines are exponentially increasing,particularly in developing countries,but mitigation strategies to prevent bird mortality are questionable.Mongolia combines a recently increased power line network,an abundant raptor population,a dangerous crossarm configuration and a habitat with no natural perches,producing many bird-power line interactions.Our aim is to assess the bird mortality caused by power lines in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia,to determine the factors increasing the risk of bird electrocution,and to evaluate the effectiveness of used retrofitting measures.Methods:In July 2019 we covered 132.9 km of 15 kV power lines checking 1092 poles.We also conducted bird tran-sects to record raptor and corvid richness and abundance,to assess species vulnerability to electrocution.Results:We recorded 76 electrocuted birds of 7 species.Electrocution rate was 6.96 birds/100 poles.The most affected species were Common Raven(Corvus corax)and Upland Buzzard(Buteo hemilasius),highlighting the electro-cution of 5 endangered Saker Falcons(Falco cherrug).By contrast,we only recorded 8 individuals of 5 species collid-ing with wires,the most affected being Pallas’s Sandgrouse(Syrrhaptes paradoxus).About 76.1%of sampled poles had some mitigation measure.Of these,96.6%were brush perch deflectors and 3.4%rotating-mirrors perch deter-rents.We found differences in electrocution rates among crossarm configurations,with the strain insulator with one jumper being the most lethal.Additionally,we found no correlation between bird abundance and electrocution rates,suggesting that some species are more sensitive to electrocution.Although no differences in total bird electrocu-tion rates were detected between poles with and without perch deterrents,when bird size is considered,deterrents reduced the mortality rate of small birds,while they were ineffective for medium-sized birds.Conclusions:Despite the widespread use of perch deterrents in the Mongolian power line network,there is still an alarming electrocution rate.This strategy is ineffective and some mechanisms,such as brush perch deflectors,may increase the electrocution rate for some medium-sized birds.Finally,we propose strategies to minimize the avian electrocution rate in the Gobi Desert.

Optimum line reclosing time for the enhancement of interconnected power system stability

Automatic line reclosing schemes used in an extra-high-voltage power system is an economical and effective means to maintain transient stability. A novel method is proposed in the paper to adaptively optimize the automatic line reclosing time after a transient fault for enhancement of interconnected power system transient stability. Both the study on the transient energy over network and the structure-preserving multi-machines power system model illustrate that the excessive convergence of potential energy on the lines with a certain cutset deteriorate power system stability, and therefore, an optimum line reclosing strategy can be established by minimizing the change in transient potential energy distribution across a cutset lines in the vicinity of the faulty line as an optimization target, and the optimal reclosure time is set to the time of minimum line phase angle difference. Without any pre-determined knowledge, the method is adaptive to various power system operation modes and fault conditions, and easy to implement because only a limited number of data measured at one location on a tie-line linking sub-networks are required. Simulations have been performed with the OMIB(One Machine and Infinite Bus System) and a real inter-connected power system to verify the applicability of the method proposed.

<i>A Brief Review</i>: Stage-Convertible Power Amplifier Using Differential Line Inductor

In this review article, a stage-convertible RF power amplifier designed with a 0.18-μm RF CMOS process is described. A method to implement a low-power matching network is an essential technology for the stage-convertible power amplifier. Various low-power matching networks with distributed active transformers as an output power combiner are compared in terms of the amounts of undesired coupling, the chip size, and the amount of power loss. The feasibility of a differential line inductor for the stage-convertible power amplifier is assessed and explained. Finally, we show that the differential line inductor is a realistic means of reducing the overall chip size, enhancing the quality factor of the matching network, and minimizing the undesired coupling between the inter-stage matching network and any output matching network. Additionally, the operating mechanism of the stage-convertible power amplifier using the differential line inductor for a low-power matching network is described in detail.

宽带电力线通信网络多层信道资源分配方法

为增加通信网络的吞吐量,研究宽带电力线通信网络多层信道资源分配方法。提取网络的多层信道特征,运用香农定理计算信道容量;提取载波特性,分析传输特性;建立抗干扰模型,通过控制器计算最优抗干扰策略。运用KM算法进行信道资源分配,转换为图着色冲突问题,优化颜色冲突以有效利用信道资源,实现更佳的资源分配效果。实验结果表明,实验组的总体吞吐量达到了10000bits/s,信道的整体占用率平均为79.03%,能够充分利用所有可用信道。

基于智能电表数据的低压配电网拓扑与线路参数联合辨识

在低压配电网中,用户频繁地扩建和改接导致台账存在信息更新滞后、数据缺失等问题,难以获取当前运行状态下的拓扑及线路参数。针对无相角量测信息且含未知数量零注入功率“隐节点”的低压配电网,提出一种基于智能电表数据的低压配电网拓扑与线路参数联合辨识方法。基于低压配电网的电气特性以及辐射状网络的结构特点,推导出一种功率-电压比形式的线性逆潮流模型。通过线性回归求解得到阻抗距离矩阵,再利用无判定阈值形式的改进分组递归算法实现拓扑与线路参数的联合辨识。最后,在IEEE欧洲低压测试馈线和中国南京市某地区的实际低压配电网中对所提算法进行数值仿真,验证了所提算法的有效性。

一种特征量化赋权的配电线点云自动提取方法

针对配电网电力线架设低、线路与植被、构筑物等地物混淆,大规模线路高精度、高效率提取难度大的问题,提出了基于点云多特征量化赋权的电力线提取方法。该方法可根据场景内复杂地物的空间分布特点,选择地物显著区分特征,并在兼顾特征变异性和相关性的基础上量化特征区分电力线的能力,实现电力线与周围地物的分离。选用三景不同规模、地形复杂性的配电网点云数据验证该方法的有效性,实验结果表明电力线提取精度可达97.6%。

基于改进U-Net的轻量级输电线分割算法

为了提高输电线路的巡检效率,保证输电线的分割精度和速度,本文提出基于改进U-Net的轻量级网络GU-Net。首先,以U-Net网络为基础,在编码器部分引入轻量化主干提取网络Ghost-Net;然后采用双线性插值方法完成上采样,并利用深度可分离卷积代替部分普通卷积;最后在训练过程引入多损失函数以解决输电线和背景像素占比不平衡问题,并采用迁移学习策略训练模型。在E-Wire输电线数据集上测试,GU-Net网络的MIoU和F1-score分别为80.04%和87.77%,与现有的轻量化输电线语义分割网络Wire-Detection相比分别提升了4.26%和2.96%,且分割速度几乎没有损失,参数量约是它的20%。实验结果表明,本文提出的算法能够实现快速高效、轻量化地分割出复杂图像中的输电线。

基于新型编码解码网络的复杂输电线识别

构建新型编码解码网络实现图像中多根交叉复杂输电线的高精度快速识别.为了减少网络参数,编码器取常规MobileNetV3的前16层,并且采用坐标注意力机制代替常规MobileNetV3的挤压和激励注意力机制,获取特征图的通道信息和位置信息;解码器通过金字塔池化模块获取输电线多尺度特征信息,提高识别精度;采用跳跃链接将编码器第2、4、7、11和13层特征图经锐化核卷积处理后分别与解码器的特征图堆叠,加强复杂输电线边缘特征提取;引入混合损失函数解决图像中输电线像素少、背景像素多的类别不平衡问题;利用迁移学习加快网络训练速度.实验结果表明,新型编码解码网络的平均像素精度(MPA)、平均交并比(MIOU)和识别速度分别为92.18%、84.27%和32帧/s,优于PSPNet、U2Net和其他输电线识别网络的.

新型电力系统下大规模新能源接入配电网的线损变化趋势分析

分布式光伏发电具有随机性、波动性、地域性等特点,接入配电网中会造成功率波动,进而影响配电网的电能损耗。但是现有的电网线损计算分析并未考虑大规模新能源接入对线损的影响,如果沿用现有方法进行计算及开展接入工作则会造成较大的误差。本文针对分布式光伏发电近年来在贵州爆发式增长的现状及当前并网情况,从分布式光伏发电特征、台区用电特征等方面展开分析,并对光伏接入对台区线损影响进行理论计算与仿真分析;文中以光伏接入电网的实际台区为例,通过历史数据比对和现场应用情况分析,从接入位置、接入容量等方面进行相关验证;最后,总结分布式光伏接入配电网对分线、分台区线损的影响趋势并提出相应策略,为贵州电网10千伏及以下分布式光伏接入系统的方案提供参考依据。

基于分布式电源的配电网线损计算与降损技术

文章介绍了基于分布式电源接入的配电网线损计算方法,分别阐述了等效容量法及前推回代法,在前推回代法介绍时,在传统方法的基础上进行了进一步改进,并给出了具体的计算步骤。而后以10kV配电网为例,对接入分布式光伏电源后配电网降损的技术展开了探讨,提出合理选择分布式光伏电源的接入位置、接入容量、能量存储装置三个有效降损方法,还介绍了几种具有降损效果的其他技术措施,旨在为电力企业有效控制接入分布式电源的配电网线损率提供参考。

基于频率差的风电配电网线路保护新方法

风力是自然界清洁可再生能源,利用风力发电能够有效解决煤炭等化石能源发电污染的问题。但由于风速波动等原因,风力发电具有随机性、突发性、不确定性的特点,这影响了配电网中三段式保护动作的可靠性。对此,提出了一种基于线路两端电流频率差的方法以确保线路保护可靠动作,并在PSCAD仿真软件中建立模型分析验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。结果表明,在不同风速线路故障及不同线路故障类型下,该保护方法均能够有效可靠动作,并且可以根据保护动作情况判别故障大致发生位置,具有较强的适应性。

结合ECC算法的电力监控网络智能接入协议

为了进一步降低电力监控网络遭受攻击的风险,基于ECC公钥加密算法,提出了具有较高安全性能的智能接入协议。通过研究电力监控网络的基本架构和安全体系,总结了电力监控终端所面临的多种攻击方式。并在此基础上,利用ECC公钥加密算法,深度改进适用于电力监控网络的智能接入协议,进而优化协议的加密耗时、解密耗时及安全强度等多项参数。仿真结果表明,与基于RSA算法的协议相比,基于ECC算法的智能接入协议具备更高的安全强度。

基于GIS技术的电力通信光缆线路故障智能定位系统

为提升电力通信光缆线路故障定位性能,设计基于GIS技术的电力通信光缆线路故障智能定位系统。搭建系统硬件网络架构,描述光时域反射计的内部结构,分析光时域反射计检测过程的示意图,利用公式计算光缆线路长度,得到实测的OTDR曲线。软件设计方面,将通信光缆线路遥感数据以及其他信息经过变换、拼接、矢量化处理后完成GIS地图数字化转换,根据这些数据进行故障智能定位算法设计。测试结果表明:设计系统的故障定位结果与实际值间偏差小,获得了电力通信光缆线路故障高精度定位结果。

电力配网架空线路工程施工技术优化研究

本文重点对电力配网架空线路工程施工技术展开全方位的分析,首先对施工中存在的问题加以论述,其后对施工中的相关技术进行详细介绍,以健园线10kV架空线路工程作为实例,分别从材质、技术两大层面对原工厂标准设计方案加以优化,以此全方位提升工程施工效果,促进供电安全、稳定性的进一步提高,使得电力企业取得更高的经济与社会效益。

基于加权潮流熵的配电网脆弱线路辨识方法

通过评估电网脆弱线路来寻找薄弱环节,能够很好地防止事故发生。针对目前配电网脆弱线路辨识方法辨识能力差,难以精准确定全部脆弱线路的问题,利用加权潮流熵提出了一种辨识方法。利用加权潮流熵对转移增量进行计算,根据计算结果得到脆弱性评估指标,分析不同指标的权重,通过得到的脆弱性评估指标进行电网线路辨识分析,判断是否为脆弱线路。实验结果表明,基于加权潮流熵的配电网脆弱线路辨识方法能够很好地检测出脆弱线路的电流波动振幅,通过得到电流加权潮流熵分析电流波形是否为正弦波,确定脆弱线路,在10次测试中,检测成功率为100%,具有极高的实际应用价值。

基于动态平衡布局的输电网潮流图自动生成方法

为解决输电网潮流图自动生成中厂站布局与线路布线问题,提出基于动态平衡布局的输电网潮流图自动生成方法。针对厂站布局,首先,在力导向算法的基础上引入基于图纸中心点的惩罚函数,以解决力导向算法布局不均匀的问题,提高布局的均布度;然后,利用厂站分布率参数控制算法平衡次数,引导厂站向图纸边界运动,解决布局自动适应给定图幅大小的问题;最后,通过位置映射变换将围绕图纸中心点的椭圆分布转换为矩形分布,解决引入惩罚函数布局均匀但不符合传统输电网潮流图绘制习惯的问题。针对线路布线提出以构建通道树为中心的布线方法,有效降低布线交点个数,提升布线效果。所提布局与布线算法在实际工程应用中取得了良好的效果,通过案例验证了输电网潮流图自动生成的正确性和有效性。