A new wide area damping controller design method considering signal transmission delay to damp interarea oscillations in power system

Wide area damping controller(WADC) is usually utilized to damp interarea low frequency oscillation in power system. However, conventional WADC design method neglects the influence of signal transmission delay and damping performance of WADC designed by the conventional method may deteriorate or even has no effect when signal transmission delay is beyond delay margin, an index that denotes delay endurance degree of power system. Therefore, a new design method for WADC under the condition of expected damping factor and required signal transmission delay is presented in this work. An improved delay margin with less conservatism is derived by adopting a new Lyapunov-Krasovskii function and more compact bounding technique on the derivative of Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional. The improved delay margin, which constructs the correlation of damping factor and signal transmission delay, can be used to design WADC. WADC designed by the proposed method can ensure that power system satisfies expected damping factor when WADC input signal is delayed within delay margin. Satisfactory test results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

基于MMC-UPFC-IPOD改善含风电系统功角稳定性

针对含风电系统功角稳定性问题,提出一个基于MMC-UPFC提高风电并网暂态功角稳定性的方法。利用Schauder固定点定理,将多输入多输出控制系统的合成和分析转化为一组等价的多输入单输出控制系统。将采用分散控制的H2/H∞应用到附加功率振荡阻尼控制中的附加改进功率振荡阻尼控制,以提高MMC-UPFC的输出特性,并在系统暂态时提高系统同步发电机的功角稳定性,并在仿真系统中验证了其有效性。

Wide-Area Delay-Dependent Adaptive Supervisory Control of Multi-machine Power System Based on Improve Free Weighting Matrix Approach

The paper demonstrates the possibility to enhance the damping of inter-area oscillations using Wide Area Measurement (WAM) based adaptive supervisory controller (ASC) which considers the wide-area signal transmission delays. The paper uses an LMI-based iterative nonlinear optimization algorithm to establish a method of designing state-feedback controllers for power systems with a time-varying delay. This method is based on the delay-dependent stabilization conditions obtained by the improved free weighting matrix (IFWM) approach. In the stabilization conditions, the upper bound of feedback signal’s transmission delays is taken into consideration. Combining theoriesof state feedback control and state observer, the ASC is designed and time-delay output feedback robust controller is realized for power system. The ASC uses the input information from Phase Measurement Units (PMUs) in the system and dispatches supplementary control signals to the available local controllers. The design of the ASC is explained in detail and its performance validated by time domain simulations on a New England test power system (NETPS).

风电机组附加有功控制参数对系统低频振荡的影响

附加有功控制环节使风机参与至同步机的机电振荡模式中,这使得系统功率振荡特性机理更加复杂,不利于附加有功控制环节的参数设计。为了研究风机附加有功控制对系统稳定性的影响,首先建立了考虑锁相环特性的风机与同步机动态作用的小信号模型;然后基于该模型利用阻尼转矩法分析了风机附加有功控制对系统振荡稳定性的影响机理,并提出了综合考虑系统等效惯性时间常数和阻尼比的附加有功控制环节系数设计方法;最后通过“10机39节点系统”的仿真结果量化分析了各系数对系统低频振荡稳定性的影响规律。结果表明,合理设置风电机组附加有功功率控制系数、滤波时间系数和锁相环带宽均能提升系统频率稳定性;理论分析的正确性也得到了验证。

微网功频振荡分析及阻尼联合控制策略

针对微电网多虚拟同步发电机(n-VSGs)并联运行时存在功率和频率振荡的问题,提出一种暂态自阻尼和互阻尼联合控制策略。本文首先对单VSG数学模型进行研究,推导出低阻尼比是造成自振荡主要因素;其次对双VSG数学模型进行研究,推导出互振荡环流功率是产生互振荡主要因素;提出自阻尼控制策略,增加暂态情况下的等效阻尼,弥补了由下垂系数和阻尼系数耦合问题导致的系统欠阻尼;提出互阻尼控制策略,利用虚拟阻抗特性,减小多机功频振荡实现互阻尼;最后提出阻尼联合控制策略,通过设计功率前馈提高系统自阻尼,设计频率前馈调整系统互阻尼,不影响稳态功率分配同时,实现多VSG频率功率联合控制。在MATLAB/Simulink中构建4VSG仿真模型,对所提出的控制策略进行验证,与传统下垂VSG控制相比较,阻尼联合控制策略能够协同抑制系统功频振荡,在保证系统功频稳定的同时改善了功频暂态性能指标,频率暂态时间从3.5 s缩减至0.7 s,功率超调量从11.11%抑制到3.70%。

基于多类型换流设备的受端电网耦合鲁棒阻尼控制策略

针对混合级联直流馈入与柔性输电设备密集接入的受端电网,为增强其特定振荡模式的阻尼,利用不同换流设备控制回路间的相互作用,提出了一种基于多输入多输出系统模型的耦合鲁棒阻尼控制器设计方法。根据主模比指标选取振荡抑制效果最佳的反馈信号作为控制器输入信号;利用总体最小二乘-旋转不变技术识别系统的振荡模式并辨识系统降阶模型;采用混合H_(2)/H_(∞)方法设计耦合鲁棒控制阻尼器。控制器采用平衡截断法进行降阶,兼具鲁棒性能与实际工程应用。混合级联直流与受端江苏电网互联系统的时域仿真结果表明,相比于传统超前-滞后控制器,耦合鲁棒阻尼控制器在多种扰动和故障下均能有效抑制低频振荡,使系统快速恢复稳定运行。

风电柔直并网中次同步振荡抑制策略

基于模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)的柔性直流输电技术已成为大规模远距离风电并网的重要解决方案。但由于MMC自身含有大量电力电子装置,存在引发次同步振荡的风险。针对次同步振荡问题,提出一种计及风机转子侧和环流抑制器的附加阻尼控制策略,在建立风电并网模型的基础上,采用阻抗法对次同步振荡的产生机理进行进一步分析研究。通过MATLAB/Simulink进行仿真试验。结果表明,控制策略能更快地抑制振荡,更好地提高电能质量,同时验证了方法的可行性和正确性。

基于阻抗重塑的虚拟同步机次同步振荡抑制方法

虚拟同步机通过模拟转子运动方程从而使电力电子装置具有同步发电机的惯性和阻尼特性。然而,虚拟同步机与串联电容补偿电网连接时易发生次同步振荡。针对该问题,该文首先建立虚拟同步机与串联电容补偿电网的序阻抗模型,其次,采用伯德图分析次同步振荡发生的机理,研究传统有源阻尼方法的局限性。在此基础上,提出一种基于阻抗重塑的虚拟同步机次同步振荡抑制方法。在虚拟同步机阻尼系数的反馈回路中增加阻抗重塑控制器,进而利用伯德图分析改进系统的阻抗特性。该阻抗重塑方法可以减小虚拟同步机与串联电容补偿电网在低频段的阻抗相位差,有效抑制次同步振荡发生。相较于传统的有源阻尼控制方法,所提出的次同步振荡抑制方法可以较好的适应系统运行方式变化,并且不会引起虚拟同步机工作点偏移。最后,通过仿真和实验验证所提方法的有效性。

Reconfigurable control as actuator fault-tolerant control design for power oscillation damping

This paper presents design of an self contained actuators unit in wide area damping control of power system in stabilizing system response for both nominal system condition and during actuator faults.First it is presented that use of multiple actuators in wide area control aid in improving damping in power system.A wide area damping controller feeding multiple actuators to satisfy multiple objectives in wide area damping control of power system is designed.Minimization of infinity norm of closed loop transfer function of power system with wide area controller in feedback path&closed loop poles placement techniques are used in controller synthesis.Second a reconfigurable control on the lines of fault hiding principle is added to the controller design to maintain system damping to pre-fault level in case of actuator faults.A reconfiguration component(RC)is activated on occurrence of actuator fault thereby reconfiguring system dynamics and redistributing wide area control signal among remaining active actuators.RC together with remaining active actuators and under same wide area damping controller maintains system damping to pre-fault level thereby preserving system dynamic response.In the reconfigurable control design presented here no new actuators outside the unit of actuators designed for wide area damping control is required.This makes for an self contained actuators unit in wide area damping control of power system both for nominal system condition and for system affected by actuator faults.A two area power system model is considered here for demonstrating effectiveness of designed robust damping controller with multiple outputs feeding multiple actuators in wide area control and illustrating the idea of self contained actuators unit for maintaining system damping in case of actuator faults.

风光火打捆外送系统STATCOM-POD协调优化设计

风电和光伏与火电打捆外送是我国大型新能源基地电力外送的重要途径。针对风光火打捆外送系统低频振荡问题,提出一种基于静止同步补偿器附加功率振荡阻尼控制协调优化设计策略。首先,搭建了风光火打捆外送系统模型,设计了STATCOM-POD控制器,并采用联络线有功功率作为控制器输入量。然后,基于李雅普诺夫稳定法则构建了计及系统所有低频振荡模式最小阻尼比的目标函数。最后,采用遗传算法对多控制器参数进行协调优化,改善了系统低频振荡特性。以IEEE四机二区域系统为例,验证所提方法的正确性和有效性。结果表明:协调优化参数的STACOM-POD控制器能够维持发电机转速的稳定,增加系统的阻尼,抑制低频振荡引起的电网参数波动,改善风光火打捆外送系统的低频振荡特性。

平衡频率与功率振荡的虚拟同步机惯量阻尼参数优化控制

虚拟同步机为系统提供了惯量与阻尼支撑,但同时会带来类似传统同步发电机的频率和功率振荡问题。频率的振荡伴随着有功功率的振荡,现有虚拟同步机(VSG)控制方法大多着眼于提高系统频率稳定性,而忽略了功率振荡的问题。为此,提出一种虚拟同步机惯量阻尼参数优化控制策略,以频率偏差和有功功率偏差平方和最小为目标函数,采用遗传算法对新构建的目标函数进行最小值寻优;结合具体算例验证优化方法,建立孤网运行的双机并联的虚拟同步机系统模型。基于此模型,采用PSCAD时域仿真对分析和提出的优化方法进行验证,达到频率和输出有功功率振荡平衡、系统具有更好的频率和功率振荡的目的。

Integrated Multi-stage LQR Power Oscillation Damping FACTS Controller

This paper presents an approach for oscillation damping with an integrated multi-stage linear quadratic regulator(MSLQR)FACTS controller combining power oscillation damping(POD)capabilities.The particle swarm optimization(PSO)technique has been used for precise tuning initial control parameters of power system stabilizers(PSS)and FACTS devices(such as STATCOM and UPFC)which results in improved controller performance.It is observed that the proposed control structure damps the oscillations adequately and is modular in design methodology.The sample power system comprising six areas is considered to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed concept.The states inter-relation which is shown with eigenvalues reflects better regulation with the proposed controller.The step response also validates the controller performance.

并网DFIG多通道附加阻尼控制器设计及其控制参数整定

针对双馈感应发电机(DFIG)并网电力系统中多低频振荡(LFO)抑制的问题,提出一种基于DFIG的多通道附加阻尼控制器(MBSDC)设计及其参数整定方法,用于增加系统多LFO模式的阻尼。建立DFIG并网系统状态矩阵,由特征值分析筛选出待抑制的LFO模式,并设计了MBSDC控制策略。在DFIG-MBSDC系统线性化模型基础上,推导目标LFO模式对相应抑制通道传递函数灵敏度的解析表达,以量化多LFO模式与MBSDC传递函数间的联系,应用于控制参数整定。特征值分析与时域仿真结果表明,所提DFIG-MBSDC能抑制DFIG系统中多LFO模式。基于传递函数灵敏度对控制参数进行整定,提高多LFO的抑制效果。

Comparison and Performance Analysis of FACTs Controller in System Stability

In large inter connected power systems, inter-area oscillations are turned to be a severe problem. Hence inter-area oscillations cause severe problems like damage to generators, reduce the power transfer capability of transmission lines, increase wear and tear on network components, increase line losses etc. This paper is to maintain the stability of system by damping inter-area oscillations. Implementation of new equipment consists of high power electronics based technologies such as FACTs and proper controller design has become an essential to provide better damping performance than Power System Stabilizer (PSS). With development of Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS), remote signals have become as feedback signals to design Wide Area Damping Controller (WADC) for FACTs devices. In this work, POD is applied to both SVC and SSSC. Simulation studies are carried out in Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) environment to evaluate the effectiveness of the FACTs controller in a large area power system. Results show that extensive analysis of FACTs controller for improving stability of system.

光伏并网逆变器改进虚拟同步控制策略分析与测试

针对规模化光伏电站并网出现系统稳定性下降问题,提出光伏并网逆变器改进功率外环控制策略提高系统抗干扰能力。首先,推导分析了光伏电站改进控制策略增加系统正阻尼转矩机理,通过多目标遗传算法优化并设计了H∞回路成形权函数,采用总体最小二乘/旋转矢量不变技术(total least squares/estimating signal parameter via rotational invariance techniques,TLS-ESPRIT)辨识得到系统振荡模态及开环模型。然后,设计了逆变器附加H∞阻尼控制并对控制参数进行整定。最后,以某实际运行光伏电站为例,依托RT-LAB平台搭建光伏并网系统主电路模型并进行控制器硬件在环测试(hardware in the loop,HIL)。仿真结果表明,基于回路成形的附加控制策略提升了光伏并网系统稳定性。

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FOR DAMPING CONTROLLERS OF POWER SYSTEMS BASED ON MULTI-AGENT MODELS

This paper proposes a multi-layer multi-agent model for the performance evaluation of powersystems,which is different from the existing multi-agent ones.To describe the impact of the structureof the networked power system,the proposed model consists of three kinds of agents that form threelayers:control agents such as the generators and associated controllers,information agents to exchangethe information based on the wide area measurement system (WAMS) or transmit control signals tothe power system stabilizers (PSSs),and network-node agents such as the generation nodes and loadnodes connected with transmission lines.An optimal index is presented to evaluate the performance ofdamping controllers to the system's inter-area oscillation with respect to the information-layer topology.Then,the authors show that the inter-area information exchange is more powerful than the exchangewithin a given area to control the inter-area low frequency oscillation based on simulation analysis.

基于智能云模型的广域阻尼控制器设计

互联电力系统极易发生区间低频振荡,且系统精确数学模型难以获得。为此,提出了一种基于智能云模型的广域阻尼控制器的设计方法。从多规则二维云发生器出发,详细介绍了智能云模型广域阻尼控制器的设计方法。通过调整量化、比例因子,提高控制精度并获得普适性。仿真结果表明:方法的控制效果优于模糊控制,所设计的控制器能够有效抑制区间低频振荡,提高系统的稳定性,在多区域互联大电网中具有可行性。

风电并网系统低频振荡抑制策略研究

随着日渐提高的风电渗透率,电力系统中低频振荡问题日益严重。为此,基于模糊逻辑设计了一种应用于双馈风机有功控制环节的阻尼控制器。首先,建立双馈风力发电机的转子侧换流器数学模型;其次,定性分析双馈风电机组输出有功对系统阻尼特性的影响;最后,基于模糊逻辑设计了一种应用于转子侧换流器的附加控制环节的阻尼控制器,并采用时域仿真法对其控制效果进行了仿真验证。结果表明,所设计的控制器有效地抑制了系统的低频振荡。

VSC-HVDC抑制电网功率振荡的控制策略

分析了PD控制器参数变化趋势对VSC逆变站功率输出的影响,研究表明增大PD控制器参数至极限时,VSC将运行于快速功率补偿模式(Rapid Power Compensation,RPC),即根据转子转速偏差的正负极性,以有功无功限值为基准快速调制功率输出。为此,提出了VSC-HVDC基于RPC模式抑制功率振荡的有功/无功协调控制策略。RPC模式使VSC快速吞吐功率,补偿系统所需功率缺额或抑制过剩功率;当转速偏差及其变化率符合安全要求后,利用阻尼控制使VSC退出RPC运行模式,并进一步提升VSC-HVDC抑制功率振荡的能力。仿真实验证明了所提优化控制策略的有效性。

抑制次同步和低频振荡的多通道直流附加阻尼控制器设计

采用矩阵束算法分析了实际交直流混合输电系统在孤岛运行方式下次同步和低频振荡共存的现象,并获得保留系统关键特性的低阶模型。采用带通滤波器分离低频和次同步振荡模态,基于降阶模型设计多通道直流附加阻尼控制器。该控制器能够降低振荡模式间的相互影响,通过单独调节各通道的增益、相位、输出限幅及滤波器参数为不同频段的振荡提供恰当的阻尼,进而同时抑制次同步和低频振荡。EMTDC/PSCAD实例仿真证明了控制器的有效性。