Amdahl’s Law painted a bleak picture for large-scale computing.The implication was that parallelism was limited and therefore so was potential speedup.While Amdahl’s contribution was seminal and important,it drove o...Amdahl’s Law painted a bleak picture for large-scale computing.The implication was that parallelism was limited and therefore so was potential speedup.While Amdahl’s contribution was seminal and important,it drove others vested in parallel processing to define more clearly why large-scale systems are critical to our future and how they fundamentally provide opportunities for speedup beyond Amdahl’s predictions.In the early 2000s,much like Amdahl,we predicted dire consequences for large-scale systems due to power limits.While our early work was often dismissed,the implications were clear to some:power would ultimately limit performance.In this retrospective,we discuss how power-performance measurement and modeling at scale led to contributions that have driven server and supercomputer design for more than a decade.While the influence of these techniques is now indisputable,we discuss their connections,limits and additional research directions necessary to continue the performance gains our industry is accustomed to.展开更多
A novel thermoelectric generating and performance measuring system(TGPMS)was designed andfabricated.TGPMS can not only achieve the function of thermoelectric generation,but also measure thethermoelectric performance p...A novel thermoelectric generating and performance measuring system(TGPMS)was designed andfabricated.TGPMS can not only achieve the function of thermoelectric generation,but also measure thethermoelectric performance parameters of the bismuth-telluride-based thermoelectric device accurately.These thermoelectric performance parameters mainly include the dependence of the Seebeck coefficient ofthe thermoelectric device on the device's temperature in the low temperature range(about 40～190℃),and the dependence of the power output and thermoelectric conversion efficiency on the temperature dif-ference or output load.With the optimum load,the optimal value of the power output is 3.39W when thetemperature difference reaches 231.2℃,and the optimal value of the conversion efficiency is 3.22%when the temperature difference reaches 208.9℃.TGPMS provides an experimental foundation for theapplication of the thermoelectric generators in the space field.展开更多
文摘Amdahl’s Law painted a bleak picture for large-scale computing.The implication was that parallelism was limited and therefore so was potential speedup.While Amdahl’s contribution was seminal and important,it drove others vested in parallel processing to define more clearly why large-scale systems are critical to our future and how they fundamentally provide opportunities for speedup beyond Amdahl’s predictions.In the early 2000s,much like Amdahl,we predicted dire consequences for large-scale systems due to power limits.While our early work was often dismissed,the implications were clear to some:power would ultimately limit performance.In this retrospective,we discuss how power-performance measurement and modeling at scale led to contributions that have driven server and supercomputer design for more than a decade.While the influence of these techniques is now indisputable,we discuss their connections,limits and additional research directions necessary to continue the performance gains our industry is accustomed to.
基金the High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No2003AA005031)
文摘A novel thermoelectric generating and performance measuring system(TGPMS)was designed andfabricated.TGPMS can not only achieve the function of thermoelectric generation,but also measure thethermoelectric performance parameters of the bismuth-telluride-based thermoelectric device accurately.These thermoelectric performance parameters mainly include the dependence of the Seebeck coefficient ofthe thermoelectric device on the device's temperature in the low temperature range(about 40～190℃),and the dependence of the power output and thermoelectric conversion efficiency on the temperature dif-ference or output load.With the optimum load,the optimal value of the power output is 3.39W when thetemperature difference reaches 231.2℃,and the optimal value of the conversion efficiency is 3.22%when the temperature difference reaches 208.9℃.TGPMS provides an experimental foundation for theapplication of the thermoelectric generators in the space field.
