Typology and working mechanism of a hybrid power router based on power-frequency transformer electromagnetic coupling with converters

The power router(PR)is a promising piece of equipment for realizing multi-voltage level interconnection and flex-ible power control in the future distribution power grid.In this paper,a hybrid PR(HPR)topology based on power-frequency transformer electromagnetic coupling with converters is proposed for the medium distribution power grid.The power-frequency transformer is used to undertake power transmission,voltage conversion,and other main tasks,while the power electronic converters are combined to achieve active control.Equivalent magnetic and electrical circuit models are established to help discuss the operating principle of the proposed HPR.Additionally,the power flow and control principle of the HPR in different operating conditions are analyzed,with the control system design scheme presented.The theoretical analysis results are verified by MATLAB/Simulink+Plecs simulation and a controller hardware-in-the-loop study,as well as a down-scale experimental test,indicating that the proposed HPR is flexible in active voltage support and current control.

Research on power control strategy of household-level electric power router based on hybrid energy storage droop control

In the light of user-side energy power control requirements, a power control strategy for a household-level EPR based on HES droop control is proposed, focusing on the on-grid, off-grid and seamless switching process. The system operating states are divided based on the DC bus voltage information with one converter used as a slack terminal to stabilize the DC bus voltage and the other converters as power terminals. In the on-grid mode, the GCC and the HES are used as the main control unit to achieve on-grid stable operation, whereas in the off-grid mode, the PV, HES and LC are used as the main control unit at different voltages to achieve stable operation of the island network. Finally, a DC MG system based on a household-level EPR is developed using the PSCAD / EMTDC simulation platform and the results show that the control strategy can effectively adjust the output of each subunit and maintain the stability of the DC bus voltage.

A low-power high-throughput link splitting router for NoCs

In this paper, we propose a technique for lowering the latency of the communication in a NoC (network on chip). The technique, which can support two qualities of service (QoS), i.e., the guaranteed throughput (GT) and best effort (BE), is based on splitting a wider link into narrower links to increase throughput and decrease latency in the NoC. In addition, to ease the syn-chronization and reduce the crosstalk, we use the 1-of-4 encoding for the smaller buses. The use of the encoding in the proposed NoC architecture considerably lowers the latency for both BE and GT packets. In addition, the bandwidth is increased while the power consumption of the links is reduced.

电能路由器电气安全风险解析与关键试验研究

电能路由器是未来能源互联网的核心装备,但尚无对于其电气安全方面的测试标准。本文对于电能路由器风险源可能存在的情况进行了详尽的分类解析;重点针对电气安全列出了安全检测项目和指标,给出了电能路由器的测试系统,并根据应用场景制订了测试工况。

Design of Efficient Router with Low Power and Low Latency for Network on Chip

The NoC consists of processing element (PE), network interface (NI) and router. This paper proposes a hybrid scheme for Netwok of Chip (NoC), which aims at obtaining low latency and low power consumption by concerning wired and wireless links between routers. The main objective of this paper is to reduce the latency and power consumption of the network on chip architecture using wireless link between routers. In this paper, the power consumption is reduced by designing a low power router and latency is reduced by implementing a on-chip wireless communication as express links for transferring data from one subnet routers to another subnet routers. The average packet latency and normalized power consumption of proposed hybrid NoC router are analyzed for synthetic traffic loads as shuffle traffic, bitcomp traffic, transpose traffic and bitrev traffic. The proposed hybrid NoC router reduces the normalized power over the wired NoC by 12.18% in consumer traffic, 12.80% in AutoIndust traffic and 12.5% in MPEG2 traffic. The performance is also analyzed with real time traffic environments using Network simulator 2 tool.

集群式岸电能量路由器供能精细化就地管控策略

传统的能量路由器能量管理策略未考虑多台设备之间的柔性互联关系,且在港口应用中港机负荷的冲击性和新能源发电的波动性,使区域电网的可靠供电和经济运行面临挑战。为此,基于模糊逻辑控制提出了一种适用于集群式岸电能量路由器的供能精细化就地管控策略。该方法考虑了互联岸电能量路由器之间输出功率的耦合影响,并依据并网模式下可能的功率流向制定了保证电力用户经济效益的模糊控制规则,使储能输出电流根据电池荷电状态(state of charge, SOC)、电网电价以及各台岸电能量路由器净输出功率的变化进行动态调整。该方法计及了互联系统间的协同作用,构建了互联系统间各端口传输功率关系,有利于分布式能源跨台区协同消纳,且不需要上层调度控制,减少了对通信的依赖。仿真结果验证了所提控制策略的有效性和可行性。

柔性互联新型配电系统可靠性研究

为应对分布式能源的广泛接入和直流负荷(典型直流负荷如数据中心)的不断增加,越来越多的学者开始研究电能路由器,为此研究了一种电能路由器接入配网的形式。针对含典型直流负荷数据中心的配网,研究了电能路由器接入配网的形式和结构,分析了这一配网结构的优势和集群式电能路由器的长处;对比传统交流配网,分析了能源互联网对电能路由器的可靠性要求。结果验证了能源互联网亟需进一步研究,并说明了电能路由器在能源互联网中的关键作用,对电能路由器的运行可靠性提出了要求。研究结果对能源互联网的发展和电能路由器的研究具有参考意义。

基于分层模糊神经网络的边缘侧光伏发电能量预测

以分布式光伏为代表的新能源广泛接入,带来业务实时响应、台区内智能分析处理等新需求,目前关于分布式新能源消纳本地自治的解决方案还鲜见报道,新能源消纳的关键在于光伏发电的准确预测与边缘物联装置研制。基于电网调度物联网,面向台区自治快速响应的需求,提出一种结合台区能量路由器的新能源消纳本地自治解决方案,研制面向分布式新能源消纳的能源控制器,并基于分层模糊神经网络算法对光伏发电的能量进行预测。研究表明,所研制的能源控制器以及提出的分层模糊神经网络模型在边缘侧台区自治中具有一定的效果和优势。

海上平台能源路由器母线电压控制策略研究

适用于海上平台能源路由器直流母线电压稳定性控制方法目前还不够完善,为了解决海上平台脉冲负载对能源路由器直流母线电压造成严重冲击的问题,引入混合储能系统,提出一种考虑电压波动系数的双向DC/DC变换器功率预测控制策略及考虑混合储能能量限值的功率管理方法.经过仿真,系统的直流母线电压动态响应达到预期需求.搭建海上平台能源路由器实验平台,通过实验验证了该方案具有较高的动态响应及稳定性.

三电平电流型推挽双向DC/DC变换器及工作特性分析

储能DC/DC变换器需要解决电池侧电流纹波和宽电压范围问题。本文研究了一种可用于电能路由器储能环节的三电平电流型推挽式双向DC/DC变换器,具有高增益、电流纹波小和宽输入电压范围的特征。以传输电感两端电压匹配为原则研究了采用脉冲宽度调制(PWM)加移相控制下的工作机理,深入分析了正向和反向工作模式。研究了占空比、桥间移相比和桥内移相比对功率传输的影响以及不同模式下的系统性能,以实现变换器的高效率功率传输。通过建立各功率管开通时刻的瞬态等效电路深入研究了功率管寄生电容、变压器励磁电感对实现软开关的影响。推导出开通时刻的准谐振方程,从而得到功率管实现软开关的条件,为参数优化设计奠定了基础。在3 kW实验平台上进行了实验研究,实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。

An architecture and algorithm for green router IP lookup

Today,backbone networks deploy a large number of devices and links.This is mainly due to both redundancy purposes for network service reliability,and resource over-dimensioning for maintaining quality of service during rush hours.Unfortunately,current routers do not have power management primitives,and have constant energy consumption independent of their actual workloads.How to implement a low power and multi-stage switch forwarding for IP lookup is a challenge in high-performance green routers design.A forwarding information base multi-stage mapping routing lookup architecture is presented,and the dynamic routing table mapping algorithm is designed to determine the optimal strides for building tree bitmap tries which lead the worst-case power consumption of the IP lookup engine to be minimized.Experimental results show that the application of reallife routing tables demonstrates that the proposed method could reduce power consumption of routing lookup by 30%.

电能路由器交流侧模块化变流器分布式一致性协同控制

针对电能路由器交流侧模块化变流器的协同控制,以及孤岛运行模式下提高系统频率稳定性的需求,提出基于虚拟同步机算法的电能路由器交流侧变流器本地控制策略,以及基于一致性算法的变流器分布式二次控制策略,实现了系统频率与电压的二次控制以及有功、无功功率按比例分配控制。所提分布式一致性协同控制策略结合了多智能体理论,只需建立稀疏通信网络完成相邻分布式发电单元的信息交互,系统灵活性高、冗余性好,可做到变流器模块即插即用,不受线路阻抗因素干扰,改进变流器的功率分配精度。最后,结合半实物实时仿真机和DSP控制板搭建了三电平变流器的半实物实验平台,实验结果验证了所提控制策略的有效性。

面向新能源接入的电能路由器模式切换协调控制策略

电能路由器(electrical energy router,EER)可实现新能源、储能及多种电能负载的灵活接入,协调控制和运行模式切换是其运行控制的重点。为实现EER运行模式的平稳过渡,降低EER运行模式切换时母线稳压单元控制模式改变导致的切换冲击,首先分析并网和孤岛两种运行模式切换时的电压扰动机理,研究系统内功率突变以及母线稳压单元控制器的调节过程对系统的影响。然后设计EER模式切换时序,提出一种基于移相比保持器、电流保持器的控制器输出量提前补偿的模式切换协调控制策略,能够实现端口功率的实时平衡,降低模式切换暂态过程中的电压扰动,提升系统的暂态稳定性。最后,通过Matlab/Simulink仿真软件搭建EER仿真模型,验证了所提控制策略的有效性。

Research on power electronic transformer applied in AC/DC hybrid distribution networks

The AC/DC hybrid distribution network is one of the trends in distribution network development, which poses great challenges to the traditional distribution transformer. In this paper, a new topology suitable for AC/DC hybrid distribution network is put forward according to the demands of power grid, with advantages of accepting DG and DC loads, while clearing DC fault by blocking the clamping double sub-module(CDSM) of input stage. Then, this paper shows the typical structure of AC/DC distribution network that is hand in hand. Based on the new topology, this paper designs the control and modulation strategies of each stage, where the outer loop controller of input stage is emphasized for its twocontrol mode. At last, the rationality of new topology and the validity of control strategies are verified by the steady and dynamic state simulation. At the same time, the simulation results highlight the role of PET in energy regulation.

隔离三端口电能路由变换器的模式切换控制策略

为了解决隔离型三端口电能路由器在面向实际应用过程当中多种工作模式间相互切换时,存在某些工作模式之间不能够进行直接切换的问题,本文对各工作模式特点进行了归纳,阐明了可直接切换和不可直接切换在控制层面的实质原因,提出通过设计必要的过渡控制实现模式间柔性切换的控制策略,该控制策略能够实现各个工作模式间的无缝切换,并通过仿真和实验验证了策略的正确性和有效性。本文研究结果对于多端口电能路由器的工程化应用提供了理论支撑。

基于变流器组的软件定义电能路由器试验平台

电能路由器将在以微网为基本单元的未来能源互联网中占据核心地位,针对电能路由器采用定制化设计存在的功能单一、灵活性低下等问题,该文利用软件定义技术对电能路由器进行研究,采用数字实时仿真和模块化变流器融合技术,实现软件定义电能路由器工具化实验平台的设计搭建,并通过分析研究一个九端口电能路由器的实用案例证明了方案的有效性和可行性。所提方法为电能路由器提供了一种面向工程实施的试验新范式,使得电能路由器设计向“硬件模块化+功能软件化”模式演进,更好地推进未来电能路由器的智能化、体系化发展。

一种户用型多端口能量路由器功率协调控制策略

为了实现分布式电源接入及对电能进行有效管理,将具备高度灵活的功率控制及信息交互功能的能量路由器应用于低压配电网,使得源-网-荷-储能够一体化低碳运行,从而提升负荷调节能力与新能源消纳水平,保障电力系统稳定运行。因此,设计了一种面向低压配电网应用的户用型能量路由器,根据各端口应用对象特性,对其拓扑结构及功率协调控制策略进行研究,为电能生产和消费提供可靠的能源管理策略。最后,通过仿真验证的方法,建立MATLAB/Simulink仿真模型对其功率协调控制策略进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明:所提出的多端口能量路由器功率协调控制策略能够实现多种运行模式下不同端口之间的功率互济和系统功率平衡控制,在能源管理方面具有较高的灵活性、稳定性和可靠性。

共高频交流母线的电能路由器功率分配算法研究

相较于共直流母线拓扑,共高频交流母线拓扑的电能路由器具有模块化和可扩展的优势,可灵活实现不同电压和功率等级的多端口扩展。作为多端口电能路由器的典型拓扑,对基于模块化多有源桥换流器的电能路由器进行了研究,其允许多个功率源和负载的连接以及能量的双向流动,各端口功率流控制依赖于各端口间脉宽调制信号的相移值。鉴于各端口相移值间存在耦合关系导致计算困难,提出了一种新的电能路由器功率分配算法,依靠相移值的在线迭代计算,避免了相移值间非线性方程的直接求解,简化了各端口控制相角的计算,实现了各端口功率的自主分配。

利用电能路由器的配电网电能质量控制

文中提出了利用电能路由器隔离高压侧和低压侧电能质量扰动的传播,进而治理配电网电能质量问题的方法。首先给出了基于电力电子变压器的电能路由器主电路拓扑结构,分析了其工作原理并设计了面向有源配电网的电能路由器并网控制策略。其次分别设计了抑制电能路由器高压侧电压畸变向低压侧传播,以及低压侧负载突变与谐波对高压侧影响的控制策略。最后通过PSCAD仿真验证了所提出方法的正确性和有效性。结果表明,所提出的控制策略在保证电能路由器原有的能量分配传递,电压隔离变换功能的同时,可有效隔离高压侧和低压侧电能质量干扰的传播,为电能路由器的研究和实际应用提供了新的思路。

串并联架构区域电能路由器柔性运行与功率流控制策略

电能路由器是能源互联网的核心设备,是下一代智能电网的重要标志。受拓扑架构限制,传统区域电能路由器存在带载能力有限和无功功率无法柔性运行的缺点。为此,该文拟构建一种串并联架构新型区域电能路由器,通过增加一条并联能量流动通道,突破传统路由器100%能量传输和无功功率刚性运行的双重界限。对串并联架构路由器的功率流柔性运行机理进行分析,给出其在不同运行模式下功率流的计算方法,以揭示路由器系统的运行规律。为实现对能量的主动控制,提出一种双自由度功率流柔性控制策略,分别控制交流电网输入电流幅值和输出交流母线电压相位角的自由度,从而灵活配比交流电网与直流母线之间的有功功率以及串、并联变换器之间的无功功率。在不增加系统容量和交流输入配电网的情况下,可实现有功功率最大允许量为200%及无功功率最大允许量为120%的传输目标,为路由器实现大功率能量柔性传输提供了设计思路和解决方案。