AUTOREGRESSIVE MODEL AND POWER SPECTRUM CHARATERISTICS OF CURRENT SIGNAL IN HIGH FREQUENCY GROUP PULSE MICRO-ELECTROCHEMICAL MACHINING

The identification of the inter-electrode gap size in the high frequency group pulse micro-electrochemical machining （HGPECM） is mainly discussed. The auto-regressive（AR） model of group pulse current flowing across the cathode and the anode are created under different situations with different processing parameters and inter-electrode gap size. The AR model based on the current signals indicates that the order of the AR model is obviously different relating to the different processing conditions and the inter-electrode gap size; Moreover, it is different about the stability of the dynamic system, i.e. the white noise response of the Green＇s function of the dynamic system is diverse. In addition, power spectrum method is used in the analysis of the dynamic time series about the current signals with different inter-electrode gap size, the results show that there exists a strongest power spectrum peak, characteristic power spectrum（CPS）, to the current signals related to the different inter-electrode gap size in the range of 0～5 kHz. Therefore, the CPS of current signals can implement the identification of the inter-electrode gap.

Fractal and Multifractal Modeling of Hydrothermal Mineral Deposit Spectrum: Application to Gold Deposits in Abitibi Area, Ontario, Canada

A number of fractal/multifractal methods are introduced for quantifying the mineral deposit spectrum which include a number-size model, grade-tonnage model, power spectrum model, multifractal model and an eigenvalue spectrum model. The first two models characterize mineral deposits spectra based on relationships among the measures of mineral deposits. These include the number of deposits, size of deposits, concentration and volume of mineral deposits. The last three methods that deal with the spatial-temporal spectra of mineral deposit studies are all expected to be popularized in near future. A case study of hydrothermal gold deposits from the Abitibi area, a world-class mineral district, is used to demonstrate the principle as well as the applications of methods proposed in this paper. It has been shown that fractal and multifractal models are generally applicable to modeling of mineral deposits and occurrences. Clusters of mineral deposits were identified by several methods including the power spectral analysis, singularity analysis and the eigenvalue analysis. These clusters contain most of the known mineral deposits in the Timmins and Kirkland Lake camps.

A new spatial coherence model and analytical coeffi cients for multi-support response spectrum combination

In this paper, a new spatial coherence model of seismic ground motions is proposed by a fitting procedure. The analytical expressions of modal combination （correlation） coefficients of structural response are developed for multi-support seismic excitations. The coefficients from both the numerical integration and analytical solutions are compared to verify the accuracy of the solutions. It is shown that the analytical expressions of numerical modal combination coefficients are of high accuracy. The results of random responses of an example bridge show that the analytical modal combination coefficients developed in this paper are accurate enough to meet the requirements needed in practice. In addition, the computational efficiency of the analytical solutions of the modal combination coefficients is demonstrated by the response computation of the example bridge. It is found that the time required for the structural response analysis by using the analytical modal combination coefficients is less than 1/20 of that using numerical integral methods.

与桥梁抗震规范设计反应谱一致的地震动合成

工程上在对结构进行动力响应分析时,大多是在实测强震数据库中筛选出与规范设计反应谱相一致的实测强震记录作为地震动输入依据,然而,实测强震记录数量有限,需要系统地处理才可投入工程应用,且在对大型工程结构进行动力反应分析时无法体现地震动的空间变异性,因此,本文以《公路桥梁抗震设计规范》(JTG/T 2231-01-2020)中的设计反应谱为例,详细梳理了地震动向量过程的本征正交分解方法(POD)和复相干函数模型,并将反应谱转化功率谱法和调幅功率谱迭代法相结合,基于降维模拟方法,在概率层面上高效地生成了与设计反应谱相一致且具有空间变异性和非平稳性的人工地震动向量过程。数值算例表明,根据目标反应谱转化为调幅功率谱后,再根据功率谱迭代法迭代一次生成的地震动样本与目标反应谱对应良好,同时,降维方法生成的地震动样本具有显著的非平稳性和空间变异性,且统计特征与目标值对应良好。可以认为,本文为桥梁结构在地震作用下的地震激励输入提供了新的途径。

武汉IGS站WUHN点位变化特征分析

针对不同地区IGS观测站时间序列周期性、运动特征存在差异的问题,基于GAMIT/GLOBK 10.7软件获取了2010—2020年武汉(WUHN)站的ITRF 2014坐标时间序列;并利用功率谱分析方法对WUHN站时间序列周期项进行分离和提取。实验结果表明,WUHN站坐标时间序列在U方向上存在年周期性和半年周期性;在N、E方向上具有线性变化特征,平均运动速度分别为-12 mm/a和33 mm/a;武汉地区呈向东南方向运动的趋势,通过极大似然值分析,证实了WUHN站坐标时间序列噪声最佳模型为白噪声+随机游走噪声+闪烁噪声组合模型。

融合卫星姿态的星地信道建模及硬件模拟

针对传统星地信道模型及其硬件模拟方法没有考虑卫星姿态对信道特性影响的问题,本文基于几何地理随机模型(Geometry-based Stochastic Model,GBSM)框架,提出了一种融合卫星姿态的星地信道模型。该模型通过构建四个独立的坐标系并引入姿态修正矩阵,来描述卫星姿态变化对星地信道特性造成的影响。在此基础上,本文基于现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA),设计并研制了一种星地信道硬件模拟器。硬件模拟器采用差分迭代的算法来生成信道衰落因子,可以极大提高硬件模拟的实时性,确保生成的衰落数据与实际场景相匹配。同时,还采用了并行处理架构,可以支持最大640 MHz带宽的星地信道模拟。为了将衰落数据与并行架构相匹配,引入了并行内插算法,可以将串行的衰落数据内插成同速率的多路并行衰落数据。此外,为了能够精准控制硬件装置输出信号的功率,设计了基于预训练的功率校正方法。通过内部校正源信号预先训练出整个模拟过程给信号带来的增益再进行功率补偿,从而保证输出信号的功率可以被精准控制。最后,在典型场景下开展仿真模拟,导出硬件模拟器的输出结果并分析其统计特性,结果表明实测输出的概率密度函数(Probability Density Function,PDF)和多普勒功率谱密度(Doppler Power Spectral Density,DPSD)与理论值吻合,证明本文设计的硬件模拟器可以准确地复现实际场景下卫星姿态发生变化的星地信道。本文提出的融合卫星姿态的星地信道模型以及研制的硬件模拟器很好地解决了传统模型以及硬件模拟方法的局限性,在卫星通信系统的优化、评估和验证环节具有极大的潜在价值。

Analysis of vibration and frequency transmission of high speed EMU with flexible model

When the operation speed of the high-speed train increases and the weight of the carbody becomes lighter,not only does the sensitivity of the wheel/rail contact get higher,but also the vibration frequency range of the vehicle system gets enlarged and more frequencies are transmitted from the wheelset to the carbody.It is important to investigate the vibration characteristics and the dynamic frequency transmission from the wheel/rail interface to the carbody of the high-speed electric multi-uint（EMU）.An elastic highspeed vehicle dynamics model is established in which the carbody,bogieframes,and wheelsets are all dealt with as flexible body.A rigid high-speed vehicle dynamics model is set up to compare with the simulation results of the elastic model.In the rigid vehicle model,the carbody,bogieframes and wheelsets are treated as rigid component while the suspension and structure parameters are the same as used in the elastic model.The dynamic characteristic of the elastic high speed vehicle is investigated in time and frequency domains and the di ff erence of the acceleration,frequency distribution and transmission of the two types of models are presented.The results show that the spectrum power density of the vehicle decreases from the wheelset to the carbody and the acceleration transmission ratio is approximately from 1%to 10%for each suspension system.The frequency of the wheelset rotation is evident in the vibration of the flexible model and is transmitted from the wheelset to the bogieframe and to thecarbody.The results of the flexible model are more reasonable than that of the rigid model.A field test data of the high speed train are presented to verify the simulation results.It shows that the simulation results are coincident with the field test data.

ASSESSMENT OF THE POEM2 MODEL FOR SIMULATING TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION

The intraseasonal oscillation(ISO) of the atmosphere is closely related to weather and climate systems and is also an important aspect of extended numerical weather forecast research. This phenomenon is significant in tropical regions and is one of the key indices for assessing the simulation capability of a climate model. To better evaluate numerical model simulations of the tropical ISO using the 10-year historic data calculated by the POEM2 climate system model developed by the University of Hawaii in the U.S., we utilized the methods of variance and power spectral analysis to compare and assess the simulation ability of this model for the ISO in tropical regions. Our results showed that the simulated variance results for the 850 h Pa zonal wind and outgoing long-wave radiation(OLR) by POEM2 are overall consistent with the observed distribution pattern, and the simulated variance is relatively larger than the observed in the North Indian Ocean and West Pacific regions. With respect to the summer model, the winter model can better simulate the eastward propagation motion of the Madden-Julian oscillation(MJO) and the 850 h Pa zonal wind. In comparison, the summer model can better simulate the northward propagation motion of MJO and atmospheric precipitation than the winter model. The eastward propagation speed of the simulated MJO signal is faster in the model than in the observation, and the high frequency region for the power spectra of meteorological element anomalies are concentrated in wavenumber 2-3 in the simulation and in wavenumber 1-2 in the observation. The multivariate combined empirical orthogonal function(EOF) results showed that this model can simulate the relationship between high-low level wind distributions and precipitation over the East Indian Ocean and the West Pacific, but the simulated signal is weaker than the observed. The lagging correlation of time coefficients between the first two EOFs from observation and simulation shows a similar cycle. Thus, these results indicate that in the future, the POEM2 climate system model needs to optimize the involved physical processes and parameterization scheme, strengthen the dynamic description of the mixed Rossby gravity wave, and improve the simulated ability of wavenumber 1.

Effect of PMD-induced Pulse Broadening on Sensitivity and Frequency Spectrum

The PMD-induced pulse broadening may cause the degradation of receiver sensitivity and has negative effects on the power spectrum of received signals. The expressions of PMD-induced pulse broadening effects on receiver sensitivity are derived based on the concept of mean square pulse width. The effects of PMD on the spectrum of received power are analyzed in detail. Finally, the scheme is discussed with which the power of a certain frequency component is extracted as a feedback control signal in a PMD compensation system.

A mathematical Model to Predict Transition-to-Fatigue During Isometric Exercise on Muscles of the Lower Extremities

Surface Electromyography (sEMG) activities of the four muscles were studied from twelve healthy subjects to analyze muscle fatigue. Data were recorded while subjects performed isometric exercises for a period of time until fatigue. The signal was segmented with 5000 samples to enable the evolutionary process. Based on the mean power spectrum and Median Frequency (MDF) of each segment, we developed a methodology that is able to detect the signal into a meaningful sequence of Non-Fatigue to Transition-to-Fatigue. By identifying this transitional fatigue stage, it is possible to predict when fatigue will occur, which provides the foundation of the automated system that has the potential to aid in many applications of our lives, including sports, rehabilitation and ergonomics.

声波扰动对大气湍流内外尺度与折射率功率谱函数的影响分析

声波是一种机械波,作为能量的载体,在大气湍流环境下传输会“扰动”湍流耗散率的变化,从而会影响湍流物理结构演化.本文基于声波能量和湍流能量平衡方程,结合湍流内外尺度和大气折射率功率谱函数,研究了在不同声波扰动下大气湍流的内外尺度和折射率功率谱函数的变化特征.结果表明:不同声波的传播会使得湍流的内外尺度发生变化,声源功率越大,对湍流尺度的影响越大,然而声源频率越大,对湍流尺度的影响并不是特别明显;不同声波的传播会使大气折射率功率谱函数发生改变,在惯性区内,考虑到声波对湍流内外尺度的影响,不同声源对大气折射率功率谱的影响程度不同,在耗散区内,大气折射率功率谱都出现随声波传输距离波动的情况.本文探索声波扰动对大气湍流折射率功率谱函数特征参数的变化规律,为激光在声波扰动大气湍流中传输特性以及声光耦合研究提供理论依据.

考虑随机效应的Clough-Penzien功率谱参数预测模型及地震动合成

国内外学者对典型的地震动参数(a PG,v PG,SAs,I A,Ds等)预测方程的研究不断深入,但对于表征地震动频谱特性的功率谱模型参数预测方程的研究却很少。鉴于地震动的频谱特性与震源特性、传播路径和场地条件紧密相关,该研究基于地震动传播的物理机制建立了Clough-Penizien功率谱(C-P谱)模型参数的预测模型。为了更好地描述不同地震事件不同记录之间的相关性,对模型考虑随机效应,建立了谱参数的预测随机效应模型。采用改进的随机效应一次迭代回归算法,对各类场地C-P谱模型参数的预测随机效应模型进行回归分析,确定了模型系数。结合相位谱的物理传播模型与所提出的C-P谱参数预测模型,构建了“震源-传播路径-局部场地”物理传播机制的随机函数模型。算例分析结果表明,该研究提出的谱参数预测方程模型与实际功率谱拟合较好,模拟得到的地震动记录与原始地震记录的时频特性十分接近,可以较好实现地震动记录的模拟和预测,对地震危险性、易损性和风险分析及抗震设计与评定具有重要的指导意义。

无线网络孪生中的统计信道建模方法:现状与前沿

数字孪生作为一种全新的数据驱动范式开始赋能各行各业。着重讨论了无线网络孪生的发展现状和无线网络孪生中最基础的数字孪生信道建模技术。针对现有数字孪生信道建模方法的不足,设计了一套面向无线网络的在地化统计信道建模方法,旨在实现对无线信道高效准确的数字孪生。搭建了可视化平台,以展示该数字孪生信道模型对特定无线网络环境大尺度多径统计特性的刻画。最后,展示了设计的数字孪生信道模型在5G无线网络优化中的两种典型应用。

非高斯风场作用下桥梁抖振响应研究

为研究非高斯风场作用下桥梁结构的抖振响应特性,以太洪长江大桥为例,基于Hermite多项式模型,模拟了非高斯脉动风场时程,计算了不同平均风速下不同非高斯特性脉动风场的抖振响应。结果表明:非高斯风场作用下结构响应的幅值和均方根值均比高斯风场更大,非高斯特性越强,均方根值越大;随着平均风速的增加,风场峰度对结构响应均方根的影响逐渐明显。因此,对于非高斯风场,高斯过程假定低估了实际的响应情况。此外,不同非高斯特性脉动风场作用下,结构响应的偏度和峰度均趋近高斯过程的结果。

Clough-Penzien功率谱模型参数的识别与统计建模及应用

地震动的Clough-Penzien功率谱(简称“C-P谱”)模型具有明确的物理意义,但是该模型需要识别的参数较多;而普通最小二乘(OLS)算法存在对数据的非线性识别初始值选择要求高、无法快速有效实现对大批量参数的精确识别等缺点。本文采用自适应加权粒子群优化(AWPSO)算法,基于典型的地震记录对C-P谱模型参数进行识别。结果表明:AWPSO算法识别的精度相比于OLS算法至少提升2.3%,且在计算效率方面具有较大的提升。从地震记录数据库中挑选出4159条地震记录,按照建筑抗震设计规范中的场地分类标准对其分组,采用AWPSO算法对各类场地的C-P谱模型参数进行识别和统计。采用K-S检验、A-D检验及AIC准则,确定了各参数的最优概率分布模型,并进一步计算了各参数之间的相关系数,建立了C-P谱模型的联合概率密度函数。采用Latin超立方抽样方法,得到了场地的统计抽样C-P谱模型,与规范转换的功率谱进行了对比分析,利用功率谱迭代修正的人工地震动合成方法,生成了具有场地特性的人工地震记录。

基于RS-GBSM M2M信道模型的Wigner-Ville功率谱仿真与分析

为了充分研究通信系统中收发两端移动性对信道时变功率谱的影响,本文对RS-GBSM M2M信道模型的时变功率谱进行了仿真分析。由于Wigner-Ville谱的性能在时变功率谱当中相对较优,故仿真结果主要围绕RS-GBSMM2M信道模型的Wigner-Ville谱而展开。本文充分研究并仿真了RS-GBSMM2M信道模型,并对其Wigner-Ville谱进行了分析。首先作出了收发两端移动速度和移动方位角不同变化情况下,RS-GBSM M2M信道模型的自相关函数图像,然后利用傅里叶变换作出了在这些不同的变化情况下,RS-GBSMM2M信道模型的Wigner-Ville谱密度图像,并针对这些变化情况进行了对比分析,得出了当收发两端散射体的俯仰角和方位角均服从均匀分布时,信道模型的Wigner-Ville谱密度图像的带宽只与移动速度有关而与移动方位角无关的结论。最后将Wigner-Ville谱与传统傅里叶功率谱进行了对比,得出了相较于传统傅里叶功率谱,Wigner-Ville谱的性能更优的结论。

基于AR-EWT和SSI的桥梁结构模态参数识别

为解决随机子空间识别(SSI)算法存在的系统定阶困难问题,避免各模态之间的相互影响,提出一种结合自回归功率谱经验小波变换(AR-EWT)和SSI的桥梁结构模态参数识别方法。首先,采用AR-EWT将结构不同测点的振动响应信号分解成一系列仅含单一模态信息的单分量信号,并利用奇异值分解(SVD)去噪单分量信号。然后,组装所有测点中包含相同模态信息的单分量信号。最后,利用SSI分别处理各组单分量信号,识别结构的自振频率、阻尼比和振型。ASCE Benchmark模型、简支梁模型和西宁北川河桥的模态参数识别结果表明:所提出的AR-EWT结合SSI的模态参数识别方法可避免直接利用SSI识别模态参数时存在的系统定阶问题,提高模态参数识别效率;ASCE Benchmark模型、简支梁模型和西宁北川河桥的模态参数识别结果与直接利用SSI的识别结果、有限元分析结果基本一致。

对海监视雷达杂波的建模及仿真

杂波是雷达回波信号的重要组成部分,研究中常用幅度概率分布模型和相关谱型来描述。采用零记忆非线性变换法(ZMNL)进行建模设计,生成同时满足幅度分布条件和相关特性的随机序列,并将模拟杂波数据的概率密度和功率谱与理论曲线对比,进一步验证ZMNL法杂波建模的有效性和准确性。最后针对海航大学对海探测的雷达回波实测数据,进行海杂波和云雨杂波回波的幅度概率分布和功率谱的分析。

基于贝叶斯证据的全球地磁场模型主磁场阶数分析

全球主磁场模型描述了主磁场的时空分布特征。模型的主磁场阶数是构建主磁场模型的关键问题之一。使用贝叶斯推理分析全球主磁场模型,依据贝叶斯证据比较模型阶数,为主磁场的阶数分析提供一种统计依据。利用Swarm卫星磁测数据,估计不同阶数的主磁场模型的证据。结果表明,在1~20的模型阶数中,阶数N=12具有全局最佳证据。参照Jefrrey’s scale的阈值区间,数据对阶数N=12的偏好显著优于其他阶数。实验表明,主磁场阶数的证据推理可用于研究主磁场贡献,结果与14阶球谐函数的功率谱分析相匹配。

基于QAR数据的飞行环境风建模方法

针对传统环境风模型无法描述非Kolmogorov紊流和风向变化的问题,提出了基于QAR数据的环境风建模方法。将环境风模型划分为风向模块和风速模块。基于QAR数据分析风廓线系数和季节的相关性,建立了能描述平均风时空特性的平均风模型。基于Davenport功率谱形式拟合实测紊流功率谱,拟合结果表明实际紊流功率谱的标度指数在-1.98~1.13。分析风向和风速之间的相关性,考虑风向的变化特性,提出了基于马尔可夫过程的风向建模方法。基于以上模型进行了环境风模拟,并将模拟环境风引入飞行仿真实验中。实验结果表明,该方法能描述非Kolmogorov紊流和风向变化,且能实际应用于飞行仿真中。