Mathematical model of electric hydraulic and powered support control system at a plough mining face

Given the actual working of a fully mechanized plough at a mining face, we have proposed a formula for running constraints between powered supports and a coal plough under assumed geological conditions of the coal face and, on this basis, established an automatic control model of powered supports for the coal plough face. We introduced the working principle of the powered support control system of the plough at the mining face. We established three advanced characteristics of this control system： response speed, reliability and easy maintenance of the system. As well, we briefly introduced, the principal function of primary and subordinate controllers and the realization of the communication system by a Single Bus. Ten controllers were constructed and tested in our laboratorium. The results show that the control model is practical and meets actual conditions. It provides a theoretical basis for designing a comouter control system for a oowered support system of a plough at a mining face.

A 155 Mbps laser diode driver with automatic power and extinction ratio control

An integrated laser diode driver(LDD) driving an edge-emitting laser diode was designed and fabricated by 0.35 μm BiCMOS technology. This paper proposes a scheme which combines the automatic power control loop and temperature com-pensation for modulation current in order to maintain constant extinction ratio and average optical power. To implement tem-perature compensation for modulation current,a novel circuit which generates a PTAT current by using the injecting base current of a bipolar transistor in saturation region,and alternates the amplifier feedback loop(closed or not) to control the state of the current path is presented. Simulation results showed that programmed by choice of external resistors,the IC can provide modu-lation current from 5 mA to 85 mA with temperature compensation adjustments and independent bias current from 4 mA to 100 mA. Optical test results showed that clear eye-diagrams can be obtained at 155 Mbps,with the output optical power being nearly constant,and the variation of extinction ratio being lower than 0.7 dB.

An Automatic Synchronization Method for Distributed Power Electronics System

Currently, the high-speed serial fiber-optic ring net communication is a main method for performing the distributed control network topology and control mode. Because of a network transmission delay inherent in the topology, synchronization between nodes has become a critical issue which needs to be studied. The existing synchronization methods largely depend on the complex communication protocol. Therefore, this paper has proposed a method of automatic measurement and compensation of synchronization delay, and analyzed its operating principle and implementation procedure in detail. The results obtained from the experiments prove the proposed method to be correct, effective and practicable.

The Application of Principle of Automatic Control in the site Management of Electric Power Construction Enterprise

It is need to establish site project department during the construction of electric power project.The head office should design and build the main structure,continually improve structure of project department,meantime,positively apply principle of automatic control to improve the site management of electric power construction.In this article,the application strategy of principle of automatic control is analyzed focusing on the site work of electric power construction.

Automatic Generation Control in a Distributed Power Grid Based on Multi-step Reinforcement Learning

The increasing use of renewable energy in the power system results in strong stochastic disturbances and degrades the control performance of the distributed power grids.In this paper,a novel multi-agent collaborative reinforcement learning algorithm is proposed with automatic optimization,namely,Dyna-DQL,to quickly achieve an optimal coordination solution for the multi-area distributed power grids.The proposed Dyna framework is combined with double Q-learning to collect and store the environmental samples.This can iteratively update the agents through buffer replay and real-time data.Thus the environmental data can be fully used to enhance the learning speed of the agents.This mitigates the negative impact of heavy stochastic disturbances caused by the integration of renewable energy on the control performance.Simulations are conducted on two different models to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.The results demonstrate that the proposed Dyna-DQL algorithm exhibits superior stability and robustness compared to other reinforcement learning algorithms.

A comprehensive review on the development of data-driven methods for wind power prediction and AGC performance evaluation in wind–thermal bundled power systems

The wind–thermal bundled power system achieves energy complementarity and optimized scheduling, which is an important way to build a new type of energy system. For the safe and stable operation of the wind–thermal bundled power system, accurate data-driven analysis is necessary to maintain real-time balance between electricity supply and demand. By summarizing the development and characteristics of wind–thermal bundled power system in China and different countries, current research in this field can be clearly defined in two aspects: short-term wind power prediction for wind farms and performance evaluation of automatic generation control (AGC) for thermal power generation units. For short-term wind power prediction, it is recommended to focus on historical data preprocessing and artificial intelligence methods. The technical characteristics of different data-driven wind power prediction methods have been compared in detail. For performance evaluation of AGC units, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on current evaluation methods, including the “permitted-band” and “regulation mileage” methods, as well as the issue of evaluation failure in traditional evaluation methods in practical engineering. Finally, the relative optimal dynamic performance of AGC units was discussed and the future trend of data-driven research in wind–thermal bundled power system was summarized.

Improved Voltage Control Strategy for Photovoltaic Grid-Connected System Based on DoubleLayer Coordination Control

An improved automatic voltage coordination control strategy （AVCCS） based on ;automatic voltage control （AVC） and battery energy storage control （BESC） is proposed for photovoltaic grid-connected system （PVGS） to mitigate the voltage fluctuations caused by environmental disturbances. Only AVC is used when small environ- mental disturbances happen, while BESC is incorporated with AVC to restrain the voltage fluctuations when large disturbances happen. An adjustable parameter determining the allowed amplitudes of voltage fluctuations is introduced to realize the above switching process. A benchmark low voltage distribution system including ]？VGS is established by using the commercial software Dig SILENT. Simulation results show that the voltage under AVCCS satisfies the IEEE Standard 1547, and the installed battery capacity is also reduced. Meanwhile, the battery＇s service life is ex- tended by avoiding frequent charges/discharges in the control process.

Research on Wind Farm Participation in Power Grid AGC Control

Since wind power has the features of being intermittent and unpredictable, and usually needs transmission over long distances, grid integration of large-scale wind power will exert signif icant influence on power grid planning and construction, and will make a heavy impact on the safe and reliable operation of power systems. To deal with the diff iculties of large scale wind power dispatch, this paper presents a new automatic generation control (AGC) scheme that involves the participation of wind farms. The scheme is based on ultra-short-term wind power forecast. The author establishes a generation output distribution optimization mode for the power system with wind farms and verif ies the feasibility of the scheme by an example.

Based on the PLC technology automation design of on-board pump station oil temperature control system

Vehicle hydraulic pump station, often work environment is poor, the environment temperature difference is very big, the natureof the hydraulic oil is affected by temperature is very big, a lot of damage, PLC automatic control scheme and design of pumping station, the oiltemperature automatic control system realized the automation of the oil temperature control, greatly improving the pump station of the outdoorenvironment to adapt to the performance.

基于数据驱动的配电网无功优化

传统无功电压控制由于分布式电源、储能以及柔性负荷的接入面临计算速度和精度上的挑战。该文提出了一种基于数据驱动的配电网无功电压优化方法,通过跟踪实际系统的运行参数,实现无功电压的主动控制。在极限学习机中引入自动编码器构建深度学习机制,利用自动编码器建立极限学习机输入-输出的直接耦合关系,实现无监督学习和有监督学习有机结合,缩短训练模型的迭代过程;利用蒙特卡洛法基于分布式电源、负荷预测信息构建配电网运行场景,利用深度极限学习机挖掘运行场景优化运行与无功调压设备状态间的内在联系,建立电网运行场景与系统无功调压策略的映射关系。该文提出的基于数据驱动的无功优化方法不依赖实际系统潮流计算,能够实现配电网运行状态的跟踪和无功调节设备的优化调度,为配电网无功电压的主动控制打下基础。

小功率柴油发电机谐波励磁自动控制方法仿真

为了降低发电机谐波含有率,提出一种小功率柴油发电机谐波励磁自动控制方法。通过多元经验模态分解(MEMD)预处理三相电流,对预处理的小功率柴油发电机电流信号展开多变量多尺度模糊熵(MMFE)变换处理,得到MEMD-MMFE熵值面积。根据熵值面积辨识谐波励磁涌流,获取异常和正常状态下的电流变化情况。分析谐波励磁原理对定子电流的特殊要求,在矢量六边形SVPWM调制的基础上研究三次谐波注入的调制策略,同时引入比例谐振控制完成小功率柴油发电机谐波励磁自动控制。仿真结果表明,所提方法具有良好的自动控制性能,上述方法控制下小功率柴油发电机中的谐波含有率得到明显改善。

“电力电子技术基础”闭环型教学控制模型分析与实践

自动控制原理中的反馈闭环控制结构可以消除设定值与输出值之间的误差,使输出值跟随设定值或输入值。本文给出几种单闭环或双闭环反馈型教学控制结构,在与自动控制原理中反馈闭环控制结构进行对比分析后,分析了反馈型教学控制结构的工作原理,并给出了过去反馈型教学控制获得的经验,表明反馈型教学控制结构概念清晰,互操作性强,执行效率高,可扩展性强,易于推广应用。

智慧城市电网电子化移交自动管控系统

当前对不同类型电力数据无同步处理,电力数据移交任务中成功转换的次数减少,移交时间长,为此设计智慧城市电网电子化移交的自动管控系统。以服务形式向多个业务中心转移数据,控制电网电子驱动电流和电压,完成恒定功率下的快速响应,通过应答通讯电网数据移交模块回应不同电量下电网数据指令,平衡处理智慧电网电子化移交数据,构建电网神经网络信息移交模型。测试结果表明,当电力数据移交执行次数设定为500次时,所设计系统能够一次性执行成功,任务移交时间为5.2 s,而对比系统需要进行五次任务转换,所需时间分别为16.4 s和21.2 s,该系统的优势比较明显。

基于无功源控制空间的自动电压控制系统聚类分区方法及关键节点选择

自动电压控制(AVC)系统在降低电网损耗、维护电网稳定等方面发挥重要作用。在应用AVC系统时,需要对电网进行分区控制从而达到全局最优的控制目标。该文提出一种基于无功源控制空间的AVC系统聚类分区方法,在构建节点导纳矩阵、建立无功源控制空间的基础上,实现聚类分区。在完成分区后,选择中枢节点和临界节点作为子分区的关键节点。通过保证关键节点的电压水平稳定,实现输电网的可靠运行。

可调谐激光器多闭环控制驱动系统设计

为满足可调谐激光器输出激光的高控制稳定性需求,设计并实现了应用于可调谐激光器的多闭环控制驱动系统。首先,为实现高稳定性电流驱动,基于深度负反馈控制原理设计了电流控制内环,并通过积分补偿和RC滤波回路削弱了噪声和电流波动对激光二极管(LD)的干扰;其次,为了防止恒定电流驱动下LD仍存在的功率衰减问题,利用积分电路和光功率二极管(PD)设计了功率控制内环,并应用仪表放大电路消除了环内共模噪声干扰并实现了线性控制;最后,为了实现驱动电流和输出功率的实时调节,应用位置式PID对系统进行外环控制,与内环共同构成了多闭环控制系统。实验结果表明,电流控制稳定度均优于200 ppm,功率控制稳定度优于0.005 dB/h,激光波长稳定度均优于1 pm/h,能够满足可调谐激光器的高控制稳定性需求。

计及调频能力和经济效益的储能集群多状态区间优化策略

可再生能源发电系统的快速增长使得电力系统的频率安全面临着挑战。针对分布式储能集群二次调频过程中所面临的问题,提出一种计及调频能力和经济效益的储能集群多状态区间优化策略。该策略依据荷电状态将所有储能单元划分为多个状态区间,再结合自动发电控制指令及各区间的极限功率确定优化区间。针对非优化区间内的单元,输出功率直接由出力优先级确定;针对优化区间内的单元,利用反映调频成本和整体荷电状态的目标函数及约束条件完成最优求解,从而确定输出功率。仿真结果表明,所提策略能大大减小控制中心的运算量,功率分配结果能有效提升储能集群的二次调频能力,同时提升储能集群的经济效益。

新型电力系统中异质调频机组分布式协同AGC方法研究

“双碳”目标的实施加速了新型电力系统发展。然而,新型电力系统的转动惯量和调节能力逐渐难以适应复杂多变的负荷变化。因此,开发更高效、更快速的调频资源参与自动发电控制(automatic generation control,AGC)已成为刻不容缓之事。但是,不同调频机组之间的异质性显著,包括机组模型、容量和响应速度的差异,这对AGC提出了挑战。为了提升异质调频资源参与AGC的性能,该文提出了一种分布式协同AGC方法。首先,基于分布式固定时间一致性理论提出了一种分布式固定时间区域控制偏差(area control error,ACE)发掘算法。随后,各AGC机组根据获取的ACE信息设计独立的PI控制器参与频率调节。在ACE调节的最后阶段,根据各机组出力的标幺值,设计了分布式固定时间功率均分控制器,控制低速AGC机组承担更多的功率调整量,从而释放高速AGC机组的容量并为下一轮AGC服务做好准备。通过对包含5种不同调频单元的两区域电力系统进行仿真研究,验证了所提分布式协同AGC方法的性能。结果表明,所提方法可以有效地提高系统的调频性能,且能够在设计的时间内实现期望的有功功率分配。

智能电网用电异常诊断和调控策略

为了针对智能电网不同异常用电的原因制定分类调整方法,提出了基于二次根式函数电价调整和计算定界的策略,该策略基于自动过程控制和模糊综合评价进行监控、诊断及分类调整。首先,通过指数加权移动平均值作为自动过程控制的控制变量并确定上下界来监控用电量,建立监控模型;其次,用模糊综合评价法诊断异常用电原因;最后,根据不同原因制定分类调整策略,建立电价需求响应调整模型。算例仿真结果表明,提出的基于二次根式函数电价调整策略在调整频次、残差标准误差、全社会福利和电力公司利润等方面均优于线性函数调整。应用模糊综合评价方法能有效分析异常用电原因,制定分类调整策略能消除异常并获得平稳波动用电量。

热电联供电厂厂级供热集中智能管控系统开发及应用研究

为了解决多台机组供热负荷调节分散、供热系统压力波动大、供热经济性差的问题,首先提出基于MODBUS通信方式下多台机组供热单元互联控制的厂级供热集中智能管控系统;然后,结合机组实际性能试验数据建立机组性能仿真模型,获得不同电负荷下冷热再抽汽量与煤耗量的关系;最后,考虑机组安全运行边界,建立适用于多台机组热负荷经济分配的数学模型,以厂级总耗煤量最低寻优为目标,获得各机组热负荷分配方案,并成功在某装机6台、总容量3320 MW燃煤电厂实现了工程示范应用。结果表明:厂级供热集中智能管控系统可采用流量指令方式在机组安全运行边界内对各机组供热流量进行自动调节;全厂对外供热流量在50~400 t/h之间变化时,厂级供热集中智能管控系统可将供热母管压力控制在设定值的±0.03 MPa以内;通过对总供热负荷智能寻优分配,全厂总煤耗量可降低0.13~3.53 t/h。

互联电网控制性能评价标准下储能集群参与AGC控制策略

随着储能技术的迅猛发展,利用其快速调节能力缓解自动发电控制(automatic generation control,AGC)过程常规机组的供电压力,对提高系统频率稳定性具有重要意义。然而,在储能协同参与AGC控制过程中,容易出现过充过放、功率分配不合理等问题,导致控制性能标准(control performance standard,CPS)的考核结果不佳。基于此,本文提出一种考虑CPS指标及储能实时运行状态的AGC控制策略。首先,结合AGC控制流程搭建了区域电网调频动态模型,并基于模型各元件响应特性推导了其简化传递函数;其次,为提升功率分配的合理性,先以储能集群的等效荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)为依据,完成储能集群与非储能集群间功率初次分配,再通过对储能SOC的主动管理,考虑实时可调功率的差异性,实现储能集群内部的二次分配;在此基础上,为确保调频指令精确匹配系统调频需求,根据CPS考核反馈结果对控制器参数进行日调整;最后,基于北方某地区实际考核流程和装机规模,以CPS考核结果、频率偏差量以及储能SOC状态等为衡量指标,仿真验证了本文策略在改善CPS考核质量和提升储能调频性能上的可行性和有效性。