Operation Control Method of Relay Protection in Flexible DC Distribution Network Compatible with Distributed Power Supply

A novel operation control method for relay protection in flexible DC distribution networks with distributed power supply is proposed to address the issue of inaccurate fault location during relay protection,leading to poor performance.The method combines a fault-tolerant fault location method based on long-term and short-term memory networks to accurately locate the fault section.Then,an operation control method for relay protection based on adaptive weight and whale optimization algorithm(WOA)is used to construct an objective function considering the shortest relay protection action time and the smallest impulse current.The adaptive weight and WOA are employed to obtain the optimal strategy for relay protection operation control,reducing the action time and impulse current.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in accurately locating faults and improving relay protection performance.The longest operation time is reduced by 4.7023 s,and the maximum impulse current is limited to 0.3 A,effectively controlling the impact of large impulse currents and enhancing control efficiency.

Development and Application of Lightning Protection Technologies in Power Grids of China

In recent years,along with the rapid expansion of power grids,the increasing complication of grid structures,and the development of smart grids and energy technologies,the lightning protection of power grids becomes increasingly prominent.Power grids of China have acquired significant achievements on lightning protection technologies,which are reviewed in this paper.A technical route of lightning protection is introduced in detail; it allows us to find problems through detection and measurement of lightning,to analyze problems through evaluation and simulation of lightning,to solve problems through lightning protection measures,and to prevent problems through hazard risk warning of lightning.Following the route,the technical breakthroughs of these four aspects in China are presented,including the chinese lightning detection network(CLDN),natural lightning observations,lightning faults detection at transmission lines,lightning current measurements,progresses in lightning distribution maps,lightning fault replays,lightning hazard risk evaluations,and lightning simulated experiments,as well as novel lightning protection measures.The practical devices and systems corresponding to the technologies mentioned above are also introduced and discussed.Due to the progress of lightning protection technologies in recent years,despite the rapidly growing length of transmission lines in China,the lightning accident rate is controlled at a certain level.

IMPROVED FOURIER ALGORITHM FOR CORRECTING POWER SYSTEM FREQUENCY DEVIATION

On the basis of high precision requirement for input signals in the power system protection and control system,this paper,only for the influence of power system frequency deviation on extracting fundamental harmonic,studies the amplitude error of Fourier algorithm,presents a method of correcting frequency deviation,and further derives the formulas of improved Fourier algorithm.The simulation results verified the effectiveness of the algorithm,it not only can greatly weaken the influence of frequency deviation,but also increase the precision of the power system protection and control.As a result the study in this paper has practical application value.

Technology and engineering application of cross area HVDC interconnection system high-precision simulation modeling based on ADPSS

In recent years, a large number of high voltage direct current(HVDC) transmission projects have been connected to AC systems. This has started to have an impact on AC/DC hybrid power grids, particularly receiving terminal power grids. An HVDC system is a large-scale power electronic integrated nonlinear system, and it includes a primary system and a control and protection system. Hence, the precision and degree of detail of HVDC systems directly affect the actual effect of simulation. In recent years, in the case of the normal operation and failure of AC power grids, the abnormal fluctuation and even locking of HVDC systems caused by the inappropriate strategies of the control and protection system component have strongly affected power grids. This has significantly affected the safety and stability of receiving power grids and normal operation. In this study, the actual engineering HVDC control logic provided by a manufacturer is analyzed and simulated based on the user defined component library of the ADPSS electromagnetic transient calculation program, and an HVDC control model based on an actual system is established. The accuracy of the DC control custom model based on ADPSS is verified through the simulation of an actual power grid.

Experimental research on methane control of mining upper protective layers

In order to solve coal and gas outbursts during mining coal seam,studying on related problems were carried out. According to the theories of mining upper protective layer,proper mining plan were designed and performed through field experiment. By means of examining several parameters obtained from the field experiment,the protective effects were evaluated and the protective scope and related parameters were determined. The results of field experiment show that the danger of outbursts was evidently eliminated and the method of mining protective layers is effective and the safety and economic benefits are remarkable. The research has really applied worth and will give beneficial references to mining area with analogous conditions.

Adaptive Quasi-PID Control Method for Switching Power Amplifiers

Quasi-PID control method that is able to effectively inhibit the inherent tracking error of PI control method is proposed on the basis of a rounded theoretical analysis of a model of switching power amplifiers (SPAs). To avoid the harmful impacts of the circuit parameter variations and the random disturbances on quasi-PID control method, a single neuron is introduced to endow it with self-adaptability. Quasi-PID control method and the single neuron combine with each other perfectly, and their formation is named as single-neuron adaptive quasi-PID control method. Simulation and experimental results show that single-neuron adaptive quasi-PID control method can accurately track both the predictable and the unpredictable waveforms. Quantitative analysis demonstrates that the accuracy of single-neuron adaptive quasi-PID control method is comparable to that of linear power amplifiers (LPAs) and so can fulfill the requirements of some high-accuracy applications, such as protective relay test. Such accuracy is very difficult to be achieved by many modern control methods for converter controls. Compared with other modern control methods, the programming realization of single-neuron adaptive quasi-PID control method is more suitable for real-time applications and realization on low-end microprocessors for its simple structure and lower computational complexity.

Combining the People Power and the Process Power to Achieve Six Sigma Process Capability——A Case Study

Achieving Six-Sigma process capability starts with l istening to the Voice of the Customers, and it becomes a reality by combining th e People Power and the Process Power of the organisation. This paper presents a Six-Sigma implementation case study carried out in a magnet manufacturing compa ny, which produces bearing magnets to be used in energy meters. If the thickness of the produced bearing magnets is between 2.35 mm and 2.50 mm, they will be ac cepted by the customers. All the time the company could not produce the bearing magnets within the specified thickness range, as their process distribution was flat with 2.20 mm as lower control limit and 2.60 mm as upper control limit. This resulted in a huge loss in the form of non-conformities, loss of time and goodwill. The process capability of the company then was around 0.40. Organisat ion restructuring was carried out to reap the benefit of the People Power of the organisation. Statistically designed experiments (Taguchi Method based Design o f Experiments), Online quality control tools (Statistical Process Control To ols) were effectively used to complete the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyse, Impr ove and Control) cycle to reap the benefit of the Process Power of the organisat ion. Presently the company enjoys a process capability of 1.75, a way towards Si x-Sigma Process Capability.

Comprehensive experiment and evaluation on safety due to fully-mechanized mining under the Xitian River at Linxin Mine

L3414 mechanized mining working face (No.14 coal seam) of Lingxin Mine is under the Xitian River.The mining disturbed zone where rock properties and conditions have been changed due to mining, the safety and environmental protection were con- cemed greatly. Based on engineering geological environment of L3414 working face and mining factors, the color bore-bole TV inspecting, leakage of drilling fluid monitoring, simulation experiment, numerical computing, in-situ ground stress measurement and subsidence measurement, etal, these programs contribute to the formation of a scientific basis for control water safe mining and normal mining or environmental protection in the condition of existing fully-mechanized mining.

基于锥角控制的下风向风力机功率调节策略

针对中小型下风向风力机开展了功率调节策略研究.首先,对100 W下风向风力机进行了仿真计算和风洞实验,探究了下风向风力机的气动性能;然后,分析了风轮锥角对风力机输出功率和叶根载荷的影响机制,归纳出输出功率与锥角余弦值的三次方正相关,叶根载荷与锥角余弦值的平方正相关;最后,形成了一套基于锥角控制的下风向风力机功率主/被动调节策略.研究结果表明:采用主动调节策略可在超额定风速运行时有效控制风轮输出功率,并可使叶根载荷极值降低14.2%;较控制前,采用被动调节策略可使得在超额定风速运行时,输出功率与额定功率的平均偏差减小20.84 W.两种调节策略皆可实现超额定风速运行时下风向风力机输出功率的有效控制.

电力信息物理系统中信息系统物理化的建模及分析方法

该文基于信息系统物理化的设想提出电力信息物理系统(cyber-physical power system,CPPS)中的信息流建模和计算分析方法。采用连续时间函数来刻画信息流的特征,并定义信息网络运行参数为流量累积函数、信息流速和时延。首先,基于遍历法搜索出信息流路径,建立信息流速矩阵的范式;然后利用改进的网络演算(network calculus,NC)特性赋值流速矩阵的元素;进一步采用流量累积函数表征信源数据发送规律,从而显式求解时延上界。最后将提出的信息流建模方法应用于智能变电站自动化系统的时延计算,通过与OPNET的仿真结果相比较,验证所提出模型的有效性,而且该方法可以提供定量分析指标以优化变电站组网方案设计中的信息流分布。

“光储直柔”建筑配电系统应用研究

以某项目为例分析“光储直柔”在建筑物中的应用,并对“光储直柔”系统的应用场景、建筑直流配电系统的关注点及“光储直柔”系统关键设备进行阐述。

基于ARM架构柔性直流控制保护系统的低链路延时优化设计

基于进阶精简指令集机器(ARM)架构多核处理器芯片设计了柔性直流控制保护系统新一代平台,提出适用于柔性直流输电的4层控制系统通用架构,给出新平台控制保护主机配置方案及功能配置原则。建立换流器高频阻抗简化模型,推导得到负阻尼频率与控制链路延时的数学关系。分析柔性直流控制系统的链路延时构成,提出一种链路复用的在线延时测试方法;基于多核架构与高速接口,研究控制系统的低延时优化方案。最后,在基于实际工程参数的实时仿真系统中,对ARM架构新平台开展了功能和性能测试,并验证了低延时优化方案的有效性。

构网逆变电源故障穿越控制策略及其对保护影响的研究综述

构网(grid-forming,GFM)逆变电源(inverter-based resources,IBRs)可模拟传统同步电机行为,自主提供电压以及惯量支撑,是实现高比例新能源接入电网的必然途径。继电保护是保障电力系统安全稳定运行的第一道防线,其动作性能取决于对系统故障特征的辨识能力,而构网逆变电源主导下电力系统的故障特征则与逆变电源的物理极限和控制策略高度相关。该文首先梳理了典型构网逆变电源在正常及故障穿越时的控制策略及特点;进而归纳了电源的简化等值模型及故障特性分析研究成果;最后,总结了构网型逆变电源并网系统相关的保护技术研究现状,初步评述了构网逆变电源对当前保护技术的影响以及该领域未来所面临的问题。

永磁直驱型风机海上风电送出系统不对称接地及甩负荷电磁暂态研究

为明确海上风电交流送出系统过电压的特征与水平,需考虑风电机组的故障穿越特性。该文结合永磁直驱风机变流器的控制原理,提出海上风电送出系统不对称接地过电压的解析计算方法。基于PSCAD对风电机组进行精确电磁暂态建模与故障电压穿越测试,以国内某500 kV大规模海上风电工程为背景,仿真计算送出系统不对称接地及甩负荷过电压。结果表明:系统不对称接地过电压大小与风机正负序控制策略有关;海缆电网侧甩负荷将产生持续百ms的1.3 pu以上的暂态过电压,风机过电压保护动作延时越长,暂态过电压越严重。实际海上风电工程计算需紧密联系风机控制保护策略及其参数,并综合关键设备耐压水平进行评估,通过风机控制策略优化可以降低系统过电压水平。

矿用隔爆高压配电装置保护及控制电源设计

针对目前井下矿用隔爆高压配电装置保护及控制电源与供电系统同源存在的问题进行分析,提出了矿用独立电源供电的方式。对矿用隔爆高压配电装置保护及控制供电方式进行了分析与设计;对矿用隔爆高压配电装置用独立电源进行了设计;对矿用隔爆高压配电装置保护控制供电方式进行了研究,进一步对其进行了保护控制供电设计和电源切换装置设计。实现了保护及控制供电一用一备独立供电,保障供电系统的安全运行。目前该供电方式已经在潞安化工集团、晋能控股集团的大型矿井实现了井下应用。

“工业上楼”建筑电气设计要点浅析

随着经济的发展,城市产业发展往往面临产业转型升级加速和土地资源紧张的双重压力,“工业上楼”举措成为了当今城市产业发展的趋势和研究方向。“工业上楼”面向的产业类型较多,不同产业类型对电气设计的需求也不同,因此“工业上楼”建筑电气设计也相对复杂,对电气设计也带来一定挑战。本文将针对“工业上楼”建筑电气设计关键要点进行探索,以供参考。

Developments of power system protection and control

Synchronized wide area communication has become a mature technology,which makes the real-time interaction between the substations and the wide area protection and control system possible.However,the present protection and control system to handle this real-time data has been recognized to be deficient.This paper begins by reviewing the development history of power system protection,with special attention paid to the recent development in the field of wide-area and integrated protections,in order to look into the future development of protection and control systems.Then the concept of integrated wide area protection and control is introduced,where it can be shown that a hierarchical protection and control system provides the protection and control for wide area or regional power substations/plants and their associated power networks.The system is mainly divided into three levels:the local,the substation/plant,and the wide area/regional.The integrated functions at each level are described in details with an aim to develop an optimal coordination mechanism between each level.The key element in the proposed system is the wide area real-time protection and control information platform,which not only enables the merger of three lines of defence for power system protection and control,but also provides a perfect tool for the application of cloud computing in substations and power networks.

新工科背景下“电力系统保护与控制”课程教学改革

“电力系统保护与控制”是电气工程及其自动化专业的核心课程,基于新工科背景,通过对该课程现状深入分析,发现其存在教材内容繁多且交叉、授课方式不够丰富、评价标准不够完善、立德树人环节较为薄弱等问题,从课程思政建设、教学手段和方法改进、考核评价方式制定以及加强校企联合培养四个方面提出了相应的措施进行改革创新,以提升学生的学习兴趣,培养学生专业知识融合、理论联系实际、分析问题、解决问题和创新的能力,并在传授专业知识的同时,实现对学生的价值引领。

考虑电池SOC一致性的城轨交通MHESS功率分配策略

在城市轨道交通中,通常采用多混合储能系统(MHESS)来解决列车在牵引和制动过程中所引起的牵引网络电压波动问题。该系统由超级电容器和锂电池组成,旨在平滑功率波动,实现“削峰填谷”。考虑到MHESS多个混合储能系统之间可能存在初始状态不一致的情况,提出一种考虑电池SOC一致性的RBF-PID控制策略,用于兼顾直流稳压特性以及电池储能系统寿命保护最优。由列车运行速度需求得到牵引功率需求,采用滑动平均滤波(MAF)算法将高频功率指令分配给超级电容,低频功率指令分配给电池与牵引网。进一步地,考虑到混合储能系统间初始状态不一致情况下的电池寿命保护问题,通过合理设计功率分配切换规则,在初始SOC较低电池的传统电压外环控制中引入基于电池SOC一致性的RBF-PID控制,合理控制电池的充放电电流,防止过冲、过放现象,从而延长电池寿命。为验证所提控制策略的有效性,使用Matlab/Simulink仿真软件进行仿真验证。实验结果表明,所提方法能够降低初始SOC较低电池的放电深度,有效保护储能元件。