Abnormal Action Recognition with Lightweight Pose Estimation Network in Electric Power Training Scene

Electric power training is essential for ensuring the safety and reliability of the system.In this study,we introduce a novel Abnormal Action Recognition(AAR)system that utilizes a Lightweight Pose Estimation Network(LPEN)to efficiently and effectively detect abnormal fall-down and trespass incidents in electric power training scenarios.The LPEN network,comprising three stages—MobileNet,Initial Stage,and Refinement Stage—is employed to swiftly extract image features,detect human key points,and refine them for accurate analysis.Subsequently,a Pose-aware Action Analysis Module(PAAM)captures the positional coordinates of human skeletal points in each frame.Finally,an Abnormal Action Inference Module(AAIM)evaluates whether abnormal fall-down or unauthorized trespass behavior is occurring.For fall-down recognition,three criteria—falling speed,main angles of skeletal points,and the person’s bounding box—are considered.To identify unauthorized trespass,emphasis is placed on the position of the ankles.Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed system in ensuring the safety and reliability of electric power training.

The Influence of 8 Weeks Plyometrics Training on Golfers Hitting Distance——Taking the Hitting of Driver as an Example

Plyometrics training,can improve the club speed,ball speed and the hitting distance in swinging and hitting.According to the experimental method,15 professional golfers were randomly selected as the reference object,and 24 golfers joined the 8 weeks of plyometrics training.The conclusion was that after 8 weeks of plyometrics training,the experimental group had an increase of the club speed,ball speed and smash factor more obviously than that of the control group.Affected by training years,there is still a gap between the two and professional players.With the increase of club speed and ball speed,both groups have a certain increase in the carry length and total length.Compared to the control group,the experimental group has further hitting distance,but there are still significant differences between them affected by training years.It is suggested that during the teaching and training of golf techniques,practice of the stability of the lower limbs and the instability of the upper limbs should be increased,to improve the hitting distance.

Plyometrics问题探究

文章追溯了Plyometrics的起源,探讨了其译名问题,并对其能够提高肌肉爆发力的生理机制进行了细微的分析,最后提出了设计Plyometrics时应注意的几个问题。

一个训练实践的认识论与方法论议题——对Plyometrics的综述

采用文献资料法,通过对国内外plyometrics研究历史及现状进行评述,以及对复合训练(CT)与水中超等长训练(APT)练习方法的介绍,希望对国内学界在plyometrics实践应用上的认识与方法方面有所帮助。研究表明:plyometrics是提高运动员快速力量能力最为有效的训练手段之一,而且在提高灵敏性、核心稳定性力量、跑步经济性等方面也有特殊效果;鉴于实践操作过程中plyometrics的负荷监控、效果评价、疲劳以及其应用的拓展等方面存有争议,所以Plyometrics尚未形成成熟的训练理论体系。

浅探Plyometrics训练法在跆拳道运动中的运用

Plyometrics训练是一种体能训练方法,对增强运动员的爆发力有很好的效果。本文试图通过对其作用机理的探讨,结合跆拳道运动的项目特点来研究Plyometrics训练在跆拳道运动中的运用,并对专项训练手段进行了设计。

基于“Plyometrics”理论的WCBA运动员力量训练

"Plyometrics"练习是一种把退让练习和克制练习结合在一起的训练方法,对提高运动员爆发力有着重要的作用,对运动员的基础力量也有要求。WCBA教练员对运动员的力量要求偏低;WCBA运动员无论是上肢的卧推,还是下肢的深蹲都不能达到"Plyometrics"练习理论上的要求。在此力量的基础上,WCBA运动员应较多地进行"Upper Body Plyometrics"练习,有利于运动员爆发力和灵敏性的提高。对有下肢肌腱劳损的WCBA运动员,也可进行"Upper Body Plyometrics"练习,提高其爆发力。

The Effects of a Unilateral Strength and Power Training Intervention on Inter-Limb Asymmetry and Physical Performance in Male Amateur Soccer Players

The aims of this study were(a)to investigate the effects of a unilateral training program in reducing inter-limb asymmetry in male soccer players;(b)to explore such effects on measures of physical performance and unilateral inter-limb asymmetry.Twenty-four soccer players,randomly assigned to a 6-week unilateral strength and power training(UNI)(n=12)or a control group(CON)(n=12),performed single countermovement jump(SLCMJ),single leg broad jump(SLBJ),single leg drop jump(SLDJ),10-m sprint,and 505 change of direction(COD)speed test.Raw jump scores revealed small to large improve-ments in SLCMJ,SLBJ,and SLDJ reactive strength index(RSI)(g=0.46 to 1.66)in the UNI group,whereas negligible changes were found in the CON group(g=−0.31 to 0.33).Asymmetry indexes showed a moderate significant reduction in the SLDJ(RSI)and in the SLDJ stiffness(K)(g=1.00 to 1.11)in the UNI group.The between-group comparison indicated a significant change in the SLDJ(RSI)and in the SLDJ(K)(g=1.01 to 1.07)in favour of the UNI group.Thus,a unilateral training program seems to be able to reduce between-limb imbalances and foster improvements in jump performance,without any detrimental effects on linear or COD speed times.Given the importance of these physical characteristics for soccer,it is suggested that unilateral strength and power training are incorporated into strength training routines for players of all levels.

Training, simulation, restoration expert system for power grid

The paper introduces some technology for training, simulation, restoration expert system of power grid, the structure of the system including function composition, hardware and software composition are discussed, knowledge representation and the method to establish device graphical library for expert system are given, the fault setting and diagnosis for training and simulation as well as restoration technology with deep first searching arithmetic and heuristic inference are presented. The research provides a good base for developing the training, simulation, restoration system of power companies.

POWER ALLOCATION OF DATA DEPENDENT SUPERIMPOSED TRAINING

Data Dependent Superimposed Training(DDST) scheme outperforms the traditional su-perimposed training by fully canceling the effects of unknown data in channel estimator.In DDST,however,the channel estimation accuracy and the data detection or channel equalization performance are affected significantly by the amount of power allocated to data and superimposed training sequence,which is the motivation of this research.In general,for DDST,there is a tradeoff between the channel estimation accuracy and the data detection reliability,i.e.,the more accurate the channel estimation,the more reliable the data detection;on the other hand,the more accurate the channel estimation,the more demanding on the power consumption of training sequence,which in turn leads to the less reliable data detection.In this paper,the relationship between the Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR) of the data detector and the training sequence power is analyzed.The optimal power allocation of the training sequence is derived based on the criterion of maximizing SNR of the detector.Analysis and simulation results show that for a fixed transmit power,the SNR and the Symbol Error Rate(SER) of detector vary nonlinearly with the increasing of training sequence power,and there exists an optimal power ratio,which accords with the derived optimal power ratio,among the data and training sequence.

Approach of Training Working Staff of Power System Operation Mode Based on State Evaluation

An approach of training working staff of power system operation mode based on state evaluation is proposed. In terms of knowledge features of power system operation mode, we studied a training method based on evaluation of learning state. This training method makes individual learning for different individual condition to give them ability to grasp learning points quickly, evaluate real-time learning effect, update learning style in time and summarize problems after one learning stage, so that learners can master professional knowledge in constant summaries and feedbacks. Obvious effects can be obtained on discontinuous learning time that trainees can master basic theories associated with their working and operations adapted to practical work quickly.

Effect of electromyostimulation and plyometrics training on sports-specific parameters in badminton players

Badminton is one of the world's most popular racquet sports,demanding motor skills such as agility and vertical jump mainly for striking a shuttlecock.This study compared the effects of four weeks of plyometric training and electromyostimulation of knee extensor and ankle plantar flexor muscles on agility,30-m sprint,lower limb explosive power and jumping ability amongst badminton players.State-level badminton players(n=90)were randomly allocated into three groups:plyometric(PG),electromyostimulation(EG)and control group(CG),each with 30 players.Randomized-to-Groups Pretest-Posttest Design with two experimental(plyometric and electromyostimulation)groups and a control group was used.The plyometric training was carried out two times/week while the EMS training was four times/week for four weeks.The control group did not receive any intervention.All three groups continued their general badminton training throughout the study.Players were assessed for agility,a 30-m sprint,a standing broad jump and a vertical jump height before and after four weeks.A significant improvement(p=0.01)in 30-m sprint time was observed(3.83%)in PG as compared to controls.Jumping ability was significantly improved in both the PG and EG in comparison to the controls(4.45%,p=0.003 for PG and 3.95%,p=0.048 for EG).No significant improvement was found in agility and lower limb explosive power in either of the PG or EG groups in comparison to the controls.Plyometric training showed significant improvement in sprint time and jumping ability,whereas electromyostimulation training showed significant improvement only in jumping ability.

Effect of Aerobic High-Intensity Interval Training on VO2max and Anaerobic Power in Cross-Country Skiers

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether eight weeks of aerobic high-intensity interval training with roller ski is effective in cross-country skiers. 10 male （age, 18.28 ± 2.1 years; height, 171.26 ± 4.12 cm; weight 61.39 ± 6.28 kg） and 8 female （age, 16.05 ± 0.3 years; height, 158.3 ± 6.47 cm; weight, 49.34 ± 0.7 kg） junior cross country skiers completed the study. All skiers performed a 2 × 2-kin all-out uphill intervals with roller-skis, 3 times a week, in addition to their traditional training program. Measurements included VO2max （maximal oxygen uptake）, anaerobic power, and also for 2-km roller ski. All values were listed as pre-to post-test mean （± SD）, significant level, and percentage changes （%）. Pre-to post-testing changes in VO2max, anaerobic power, and also 2-kin roller ski performance were significantly higher during all post-test trials in all groups （P 〈 0.005）. With reference to the training effects found in our study, we suggest that the skiers should integrate the roller ski aerobic high-intensity interval uphill models in their training programs for improving performance.

A Full Mission Simulator of the Ship＇s Automated Electric Power System for Training and Competence Testing of Marine Engineers

This article describes practical preparation of marine engineers on the full mission simulator complex of the ship＇s automated electrical power plant. A full mission simulator complex of the ship＇s automated power management system meets International Convention STCW （Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping） 78 （with Manila amendments 2010） requirements in part of adequate reproduction of its operational modes corresponding to the actual configuration and layout of the ship＇s automated power management system with real consumers and typical loads. The simulator is fully consistent with the goals and objectives of the practical training, as well as the goals and objectives of proficiency testing engine department officers on issues of technical maintenance of real ship＇s equipment （high voltage installations included） and means of automation. The simulator＇s complex is designed for training and proficiency testing of cadets and students of maritime educational institutions, as well as training and proficiency testing of marine specialists （mechanics and electricians） by watch-keeping and maintenance of modem integrated automated control systems of ship＇s electric power plant and the individual ship electromechanical systems, including high-voltage systems. A simulator＇s complex provides adequate reproduction of operational situations on technical side of real ship electric and automation equipment provides training on monitoring, control and management diesel-generator sets in hand, semi-automatic and automatic modes of power station, control and management of electromechanical systems, as well as the set of tasks upon parameterization, visualization and etc. Besides number of combinations of monitoring, control and management tasks, the simulator＇s complex provides an opportunity to simulate various practical fault conditions. It allows students to focus on the work of automatic control system in emergency situations and to work out correct actions for a watch-keeper on searching, localizing of faults and troubleshooting of equipment.

Systematic Approach to Training for Design of Nuclear Power Plant Decommissioning Training in South Korea

In 1979, unavailability of MFWS （Main Feedwater System） in TMI （Three Mile Island） Unit-2 happened in the United States. To make it worse, due to malfunction of Isolation Control Valves in AFWS （Auxiliary Feedwater System）, the supply of cooling water to SGs （Steam Generators） was delayed approximately 8 minutes compared to AOP （Abnormal Operating Procedure）. In the long run, on account of deferred heat sink provision to SGs, the reactor core was melted partially. It was the first critical accident in the US commercial NPP （Nuclear Power Plant） history. Hence, after TMI Accident, US NRC （Nuclear Regulatory Committee） suggested more than one hundred alternatives to improve safety and reliability of NPP. Among these countermeasures, one proposal was related to training area. It was SAT （Systematic Approach to Training） methodology. Therefore, the goal of SAT is the enhancement of NPP stability through training point of view. Since the appearance of SAT in the nuclear industry, it has acquired the unwavering position in the US NPP training field. Meanwhile, significance of NPP decommissioning has been soared up in South Korea since the announcement of Kori Unit-1 decommissioning decision. According to the proclaimed plan from Korean government, Kori Unit-1 is scheduled to be decommissioned from June, 2017. Under this circumstance, nurturing sufficient number of NPP decommissioning engineers is one of the most urgent issues in South Korean nuclear industry. Hence, to elevate efficiency and consistency of training quality, SAT methodology can be a reliable solution for the training of decommissioning engineers. For this reason, the present study aims to design SAT based NPP decommissioning engineer training in South Korea.

Application of Optical Motion Capture Technology in Power Safety Entitative Simulation Training System

The safety production is critical to stable development of Chinese electric power industry. With the development of electric power enterprises, the requirements of its employees are also becoming higher and higher. In this paper, an optical motion capture system based on the virtual reality technology is proposed to meet the requirements of the power enterprise for the qualified business ability. Electric power equipment, power equipment model entitative operating environment and the human model are established by electric power simulation unit, ZigBee technology and OpenGL graphics library. The problem of missing feature points is solved by applying the human model driven algorithm and the Kalman filtering algorithm. The experimental results show that it is more accurate to use Kalman filtering algorithm to extract the feature point in tracking process of actual motion capture and real-time animation display. The average absolute error of 3D coordinates is 1.61 mm and the average relative error is 2.23%. The system can improve trainees’ sense of experience and immersion.

Operational Skill and TNA （Training Needs Analysis） for Generation Power Plant

Training needs analysis is the preliminary step in a cyclical process which adds to the overall training and progress strategy of staff in a generation power plant or a professional group, questionnaires were distributed among WAJPCO （Wadi Al Jizzi Power Company） staff and their responses were used to conduct a training need and gap analyses with a view to identify the operational skill and the training needs of the generation power plant, the time and travel commitment the industry is willing to invest in employee training, and an understanding of what skills are considered specific to lumber manufacturing and what can be combined with the needs of other industries and taught locally.

Study of Models for Heating Power Station Operator Training Systems

This paper is devoted to development and study of models for operator training systems of heating power station processes management. It proposed a mathematical model describing the management processes of heating power units of the technological complex considering the relationship of technological variables in deviations effective in real time. A software complex is developed for the system of training of operators controlling processes in heating station units. Obtained results may be used in the course of development of computer training systems for operators of heating power stations with cross-linkage.

Regenerative Braking Energy Recovery System of Metro Train Based on Dual-Mode Power Management

In order to fully utilize the regenerative braking energy of metro trains and stabilize the metro DC traction busbar voltage,a hybrid regenerative braking energy recovery system with a dual-mode power management strategy is proposed.Firstly,the construction of the hybrid regenerative braking energy recovery system is explained.Then,based on the power demand of low-voltage load in metro stations,a dual-mode power management strategy is proposed to allocate the reference power of each system according to the different working conditions,and the control methods of each system are set.Finally,the correctness and effectiveness of the dual-mode strategy are verified through simulation,and the proposed braking energy utilization scheme is compared with other singleform utilization schemes.The results illustrate that the hybrid system with the dual-mode strategy can effectively recycle the regenerative braking energy of metro train and inhibit the busbar voltage fluctuation;the proposed braking energy utilization scheme has certain advantages on energy recovery and DC bus voltage stabilization compared with other single-form schemes;the proposed power management strategy can correctly allocate the reference power of each system with a lower construction cost.

Analysis of Strength Training in the Training of Shot-Putters

The shot put is a sport that requires very high explosive power and precise technique.Strength training occupies the core position in the training of shot-putters,which can not only improve the throwing distance of athletes but also enhance their competitive state and prevent sports injuries.The purpose of this paper is to analyze the principles,classification,methods,and specific exercises of strength training in the training of shot-putters,in order to provide scientific training guidance for shot-putters.

智能轨道列车动态无线供电系统无源控制研究

互感变化会引起智能轨道列车动态无线供电系统输出功率波动,影响系统的稳定性和可靠性,而传统的线性控制策略动态性能差,不能很好地适应动态无线供电系统。为此,本文基于无源控制理论(PBC)提出了一种适用于智能轨道列车动态无线供电系统的恒功率控制策略。首先,介绍了智能轨道列车DWPT系统结构,建立了系统等效电路模型,分析了传输特性与启动特性,得到了实现系统恒功率输出所需条件。然后,在此基础上,推导出了DC–DC变换器的EL方程,验证了变换器的无源性;基于无源控制理论,通过能量塑造与虚拟阻尼注入设计了无源控制器,并通过控制流入副边DC–DC变换器电流期望值实现系统输出功率恒定。同时,设计了预充回路保护电气设备,利用车载储能设备反向对DC–DC变换器中的储能元件进行预充电,以防止启动瞬间冲击电流过大。在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建相应的仿真模型进行仿真,并搭建300 kW智能轨道列车动态无线供电系统实验平台进行实验。仿真和实验结果表明:相对于传统控制策略,本文提出的PBC策略可使得DWPT系统输出功率不受互感波动的影响,平均功率维持在298.2 kW,且预充回路能抑制启动瞬间的冲击电流,证实了本文所提控制策略的有效性与正确性,具有响应速度快和鲁棒性强等优势。