Research on Optimization for Units Start During Power System Restoration

Considering units starting and network constraints and the concept of optimization period,a optimization model which is a typical multi-constraint knapsack problem is established to solve the selection optimization problem of units starting in power system restoration period in this paper, and the objective of the model is to maximize the total power generation capability. A relative effectiveness assessment based on a improving data envelopment analysis is adopted to select the initial units to be started, genetic algorithms are employed to solve the knapsack problem to determine the most reasonable units be started at the current time. Finally, IEEE-39 bus system simulation result proves that the proposed model is feasible and effective.

REDUNDANCY TECHNOLOGY FOR AIRCRAFT MULTI-CHANNEL DC POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM

The redundancy technology for the aircraft multi-channel DC electrical power supply system is studied. In this system, the key loads can obtain power from seven sources. The direct current bus power control unit （DC BPCU） is put forward to manage the power supply system automatically. The redundancy innovation is also applied in both hardware and software of DC BPCU. Furthermore, redundancy fault diagnosis is discussed through the existing parts. Experiments and applications show that the proposed aircraft DC power supply system possesses many advantages of high reliability, high automation and so on.

Multi-model Predictive Control of Ultra-supercritical Coal-fired Power Unit

The control of ultra-supercritical(USC) power unit is a difficult issue for its characteristic of the nonlinearity, large dead time and coupling of the unit. In this paper, model predictive control(MPC) based on multi-model and double layered optimization is introduced for coordinated control of USC unit. The linear programming(LP) combined with quadratic programming(QP) is used in steady optimization for computation of the ideal value of dynamic optimization. Three inputs(i.e. valve opening, coal flow and feedwater flow) are employed to control three outputs(i.e. load, main steam temperature and main steam pressure). The step response models for the dynamic matrix control(DMC) are constructed using the three inputs and the three outputs. Piecewise models are built at selected operation points. Double-layered multi-model predictive controller is implemented in simulation with satisfactory performance.

Power management unit chip design for automobile active-matrix organic light-emitting diode display module

A power management unit （PMU） chip supplying dual panel supply voltage, which has a low electro-magnetic interference （EMI） characteristic and is favorable for miniaturization, is designed. A two-phase charge pump circuit using external pumping capacitor increases its pumping current and works out the charge-loss problem by using bulk-potential biasing circuit. A low-power start-up circuit is also proposed to reduce the power consumption of the band-gap reference voltage generator. And the ring oscillator used in the ELVSS power circuit is designed with logic devices by supplying the logic power supply to reduce the layout area. The PMU chip is designed with MagnaChip＇s 0.25 μ high-voltage process. The driving currents of ELVDD and ELVSS are more than 50 mA when a SPICE simulation is done.

LVP Modeling and Dynamic Characteristics Prediction of A Hydraulic Power Unit in Deep-Sea

A hydraulic power unit （HPU） is the driving ＂heart＂ of deep-sea working equipment. It is critical to predict its dynamic performances in deep-water before being immerged in the seawater, while the experimental tests by simulating deep-sea environment have many disadvantages, such as expensive cost, long test cycles, and difficult to achieve low-temperature simulation, which is only used as a supplementary means for confirmatory experiment. This paper proposes a novel theoretical approach based on the linear varying parameters （LVP） modeling to foresee the dynamic performances of the driving unit. Firstly, based on the varying environment features, dynamic expressions of the compressibility and viscosity of hydranlic oil are derived to reveal the fluid performances changing. Secondly, models of hydraulic system and electrical system are accomplished respectively through studying the control process and energy transfer, and then LVP models of the pressure and flow rate control is obtained through the electro-hydraulic models integration. Thirdly, dynamic characteristics of HPU are obtained by the model simulating within bounded closed sets of varying parameters. Finally, the developed HPU is tested in a deep-sea imitating hull, and the experimental results are well consistent with the theoretical analysis outcomes, which clearly declare that the LVP modeling is a rational way to foresee dynamic performances of HPU. The research approach and model analysis results can be applied to the predictions of working properties and product designs for other deep-sea hydraulic pump.

Effect of Angle of Attack and Blade Tip Vortex on the Noise Level of Tandem Wind Rotors of an Intelligent Wind Power Unit

The authors have invented a superior wind power unit, which is composed of tandem wind rotors and double rotational armature type generator without the traditional stator. This unit is called ＂intelligent wind power unit＂. At upwind type unit, the large-sized front wind rotor and the small-sized rear wind rotor drive the inner and the outer rotational armatures respectively, in keeping the rotational torque counter-balance between both wind rotors/armatures. This paper discusses the acoustic noise emitted from the tandem wind rotors. As for tandem wind rotors, the tip vortex shedding from the front wind rotor may make a loud acoustic noise if the vortex attacks the rear wind rotor. Intelligent wind power unit, however, has no chance to increase the acoustic noise level by the tip vortex because the diameter of the front wind rotor is reasonably larger than the diameter of the rear wind rotor. The vorticity generated in the boundary layer on the blade can be observed obviously at wake flow and can be evaluated quantitatively at flow conditions measured by a hot-wire anemometer at a wind tunnel. The flow conditions have shown that the radial and axial components of vorticities contribute to emit the acoustic noise.

Research on the Prediction of Load Regulation Capacity for Supercritical Thermal Power Unit

Both the modeling and the load regulation capacity prediction of a supercritical power plant are investigated in this paper. Firstly, an indirect identification method based on subspace identification method is proposed. The obtained identification model is verified by the actual operation data and the dynamic characteristics of the system are well reproduced. Secondly, the model is used to predict the load regulation capacity of thermal power unit. The power, main steam pressure, main steam temperature and other parameters are simulated respectively when the unit load is going up and down. Under the actual constraints, the load regulation capacity of thermal power unit can be predicted quickly.

Maximal loads acting on legs of powered roof support unit in longwalls with bumping hazards

In the article the results of measurements of the resultant force in the legs of a powered roof support unit, caused by a dynamic interaction of the rock mass, are discussed. The measurements have been taken in the longwalls mined with a roof fall, characterized by the highest degree of bumping hazard. It has been stated that the maximal force in the legs F m, recorded during a dynamic interaction of the rock mass, is proportional to the initial static force in the legs F st,p . Therefore a need for a careful selection of the initial load of the powered roof support, according to the local mining and geological conditions, results from such a statement. Setting the legs with the supporting load exceeding the indispensable value for keeping the direct roof solids in balance, deteriorating the operational parameters of a longwall system also has a disadvantageous influence on the value of the force in the legs and the rate of its increase, caused by a dynamic interaction of the rock mass. A correct selection of the initial load causes a decrease in the intensity of a dynamic interaction of the rock mass on powered roof supports, which also has an advantageous influence on their life. Simultaneously with the measurements of the resultant force in the legs, the vertical acceleration of the canopy was also recorded. It has enabled to prove that the external dynamic forces may act on the unit both from the roof as well as from the floor. The changes of the force in the legs caused by dynamic phenomena intrinsically created in the roof and changes of the force in the legs caused by blasting explosives in the roof of the working, have been analyzed separately. It has been stated that an increase in the loads of legs, caused by intrinsic phenomena is significantly higher than a force increase in the legs caused by blasting. It means that powered roof supports, to be operated in the workings, where the bumping hazard occurs, will also transmit the loads acting on a unit during blasting. The majority of recorded force changes in the legs has been caused by a dynamic interaction of the roof. They are characterized by a load increase coefficient K d, satisfying the inequality 1 06<K d =F m /F st,p <1 24. A much smaller number of cases, when the external load acted on the bases, was recorded. Individual, recorded results of measurements indicate that changes of the force in the legs, caused by external loads of this type, run more intensively due to roof loads (1 08< K d<1 80),particularly in these cases when the near the roof layer of the seam is under mining. A determination of more precise relations among the changes of forces in the legs, caused by a dynamic interaction of the floor and the bases and the mining and geological conditions requires a performance of additional underground tests.

Repacking practice for G-3 engineering driller power unit with drive shaft of dual channel reverse circulation

In order to satisfy operating requirements for constant core drilling technology in reverse circulation with hollow-through DTH,the power unit of G-3 engineering driller was ameliorated. The new one with dual channel drive shaft, achieved the perfect assemble with transmission structure of the original power unit. It could interconvert according to need by using two sets of drive shafts with direct and reverse circulation. The repacked G-3 engineering driller carried on experiment in the field test in Luanchuan molybdenum mine of Henan, whose effect was very good.

Unit stream power,minimum energy dissipation rate,and river engineering

Unit stream power is the most important and dominant parameter for the determination of transport rate of sand,gravel,and hyper-concentrated sediment with wash load.Minimum energy dissipation rate theory,or its simplified minimum unit stream power and minimum stream power theories,can provide engineers the needed theoretical basis for river morphology and river engineering studies.The Generalized Sediment Transport model for Alluvial River Simulation computer mode series have been developed based on the above theories.The computer model series have been successfully applied in many countries.Examples will be used to illustrate the applications of the computer models to solving a wide range of river morphology and river engineering problems.

Research and Demonstration of Direct Air-Cooling System for 600-MW Fossil-Fired Power Plants

Given the distribution feature of resources such as coal and water, the requirements for the development of Chinese power industry, and the fact of monopoly by foreign companies, it is very necessary and significant to independently research and develop air-cooling technologies. Through experimental research, simulative calculation, process and equipment development, field tests and a demonstration project, the design and operation technologies for air-cooling system are grasped and relevant key equipment is developed. The results of the demonstration project show that the technical indicators for the air-cooling system have met or exceeded the design requirements. Part of the research results have been incorporated into the relevant national design standards. The technologies developed have been applied to more than 23 sets of thermal power units of or above 600 MW in China.

2-MW wind power unit successfully manufactured

As of the end of April, by autonomous research anddevelopment on the basis of imported technologies,Beijing Beizhong Steam-Turbo Machinery Company Ltd.had successfully completed trial production of a 2-MWlow-temperature type wind power generating unit; andnow the company has put the new type of wind

Sensitivity Analysis of a 50+ Coal-Fired Power Unit Efficiency

The coal-fired power unit integration with a CO2 capture and compression installation involves a considerable rise in the costs of electricity generation. Therefore, there is a need for a continuous search for methods of improving the electricity generation efficiency in steam power plants. One technology which is especially promising is the advanced ultra-supercritical (A-USC) power unit. Apart from steam parameters upstream the turbine, the overall efficiency also depends on the efficiency values of individual elements of the plant and the size of energy consumption of the process of CO2 sequestration from the boiler flue gases. These problems are considered herein to emphasize that without specifying the efficiency values of the power plant main elements the information concerning its electricity generation efficiency is incomplete. This paper presents the influence of the efficiency of individual elements of the power plant on its electricity generation efficiency. The lack of information of the efficiencies of the power plant individual elements, by presenting its overall efficiency, may lead to the false conclusions.

Source-Load Coordinated Optimal Scheduling Considering the High Energy Load of Electrofused Magnesium and Wind Power Uncertainty

In fossil energy pollution is serious and the“double carbon”goal is being promoted,as a symbol of fresh energy in the electrical system,solar and wind power have an increasing installed capacity,only conventional units obviously can not solve the new energy as the main body of the scheduling problem.To enhance the systemscheduling ability,based on the participation of thermal power units,incorporate the high energy-carrying load of electro-melting magnesiuminto the regulation object,and consider the effects on the wind unpredictability of the power.Firstly,the operating characteristics of high energy load and wind power are analyzed,and the principle of the participation of electrofusedmagnesiumhigh energy-carrying loads in the elimination of obstructedwind power is studied.Second,a two-layer optimization model is suggested,with the objective function being the largest amount of wind power consumed and the lowest possible cost of system operation.In the upper model,the high energy-carrying load regulates the blocked wind power,and in the lower model,the second-order cone approximation algorithm is used to solve the optimizationmodelwithwind power uncertainty,so that a two-layer optimizationmodel that takes into account the regulation of the high energy-carrying load of the electrofused magnesium and the uncertainty of the wind power is established.Finally,the model is solved using Gurobi,and the results of the simulation demonstrate that the suggested model may successfully lower wind abandonment,lower system operation costs,increase the accuracy of day-ahead scheduling,and lower the final product error of the thermal electricity unit.

Contribution of UHV Grid to United National Power Market

Power market construction is an important part of the marketization reform in China's electric power industry and an essential part of the economic system reform in China. With the social and economic development, the contradiction between distribution of energy resources and development of regional economies gets increasingly noticeable, and a united national power market is consequentially required to optimize the allocation of energy resources over the whole country. Analyses indicate that the development of UHV grid will provide a strong material support for the united national power market by expanding market coverage, lowering load fluctuation and promoting diversif ication of power resources.

Unit 2 of Tianjin Beijiang Power Plant commissioned

Tianjin Beijiang Power Plant, one of the first series of Circular Economy Demonstration Project in the country, successfully put its second unit into operation on November 30, 2009

500 MW Unit Simulator for Panshan Thermal Power Plant Passed Acceptance

After a thorough demonstration in Panshan Thermal Power Plant, the 500 MW super critical pressure unit simulator developed by the Simulation & Control Institute under the North China University of Electric Power was accepted by experts from the North China Electric Power Group Company on 3rd August 1996.